Matsakaicin jiki na taro zuwa ƙarar ruwa yana ƙayyade yawan man inji. Tare da danko, siga yana da dogaro kai tsaye ga zafin jiki, yana shafar aikin injuna kuma yana ba da ikon da aka ayyana yayin watsawar hydraulic. Man moto mara inganci yana ƙunshe da abubuwa masu cutarwa, kuma man mota da aka yi amfani da shi yana ƙunshe da ƙazanta waɗanda ke ƙara sigogi masu yawa. Bari mu gaya muku yadda manyan mai da ƙananan yawa na roba ke shafar aikin piston ko injin motar rotary. Maɗaukakin Maɗaukakin Maɗaukaki Girman mai na mota ya bambanta tsakanin 0,68 da 0,95 kg/l. Ruwan mai mai da alama sama da 0,95 kg / l ana rarraba su azaman babban yawa. Wadannan mai suna rage damuwa na inji a cikin watsawa na hydraulic ba tare da asarar aiki ba. Duk da haka, saboda ƙãra yawa, mai mai ba ya shiga cikin wuraren da ke da wuyar isa na piston cylinders. Sakamakon haka, nauyin da ke kan ...

Kewayon mai da ake amfani da shi a cikin masana'antar wutar lantarki yana da yawa sosai, amma dukkansu ana nuna su da babban matakin tsarkakewa kuma ana samar da su daga ƙaramin sulfur mai. Daga cikin mafi yawan na kowa shine mai canza launin GK (alamar tana nufin: G - alamar hanyar tsaftacewa: hydrocracking, K - kasancewar mahadi na acid a cikin abun da ke ciki). Ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun abubuwan haɗin da kaddarorin mai na GK mai canji an ƙaddara ta GOST 982-80. Waɗannan ƙa'idodi suna nuna: Babban aikin rufin lantarki, gami da maɗaukakin yanayin zafi. Kasancewar abubuwan haɓakar antioxidant (ionol), ban da lalata a ƙarƙashin babban ƙarfin lantarki. Rashin alkalis mai narkewa da ruwa da ƙazanta na inji. Ƙarfafa alamun danko a cikin takamaiman yanayin zafin jiki. Mafi ƙarancin abun ciki na ions acid kyauta. Madaidaitan ƙa'idodin jiki da sinadarai don samfurin da aka kwatanta sune: Dnsity, kg/m3, a dakin zafin jiki -…

Abin mamaki, amma gaskiya: a cikin shekarun samun bayanai, yawancin masu motoci har yanzu ba su san cewa wajibi ne don sabunta ruwan birki lokaci-lokaci ba. Bugu da ƙari, wayar da kan jama'a ba ya zuwa ko da ba zato ba tsammani feda a ƙarƙashin ƙafar dama ya kasa, sa'an nan kuma, bayan minti daya, ya sake tashi - kuma aikin tsarin ya dawo. An rubuta komai a matsayin "kuskuren tsarin" ko wani abu makamancin haka. Game da sau nawa kana buƙatar canza ruwan birki a cikin mota kuma dalilin da yasa wannan abu ne na wajibi na kulawa - karanta labarin. Me yasa ruwan birki ya canza? Bari mu fara da tushe. Ruwan birki yana aiki azaman mai watsa matsi daga babban silinda (GTE) zuwa ma'aikata. Direba yana danna ƙafar ƙafa, GTE (fistan mafi sauƙi a cikin gidaje tare da tsarin bawul) yana aika matsa lamba ta ruwa ta ...

Haɗin haɗin gwiwa akai-akai (ko haɗin gwiwar CV a takaice) yana da hannu cikin watsa juzu'i daga akwatin gear zuwa cibiyar dabaran tuƙi. Wato, wannan kumburin an ɗora wa fifiko. Sabili da haka, haɗin gwiwar CV yana buƙatar amfani da man shafawa na musamman wanda zai iya ba da kariya mai aminci don tuntuɓar sassan da ke aiki a ƙarƙashin nauyi mai nauyi. Game da irin nau'in mai ya fi kyau don amfani da haɗin gwiwar CV kuma za a tattauna a kasa. Ka'idar zaɓin mai don gidajen abinci na CV Ana zaɓin lubricants don ƙungiyoyi masu saurin tafiya akai-akai bisa ga ka'ida mai sauƙi: dangane da nau'in taron da ke ba da watsa motsi na juyawa a kusurwa. Dukkanin haɗin gwiwar CV an raba su cikin tsari zuwa rukuni biyu: nau'in ball; tripods. Bi da bi, hinges irin ball na iya samun nau'i biyu: tare da yiwuwar motsi axial kuma ba tare da irin wannan yiwuwar ba.

Rigunan rigakafin lalacewa bisa mahaɗan macromolecular suna ƙara samun shahara tsakanin masu ababen hawa. Har zuwa kwanan nan, don yin amfani da irin waɗannan abubuwan haɗin gwiwa a saman, ya zama dole don amfani da samfuran da aka shigo da su na musamman. Amma kwanan nan, wani gida ya bayyana a kasuwar bayanan martaba, daga kamfanin Rubber Paint, tare da suna mai ban sha'awa "Hammer". Siffofin abun da ke ciki da kaddarorin ana amfani da fenti na roba a fannoni daban-daban kuma ana iya amfani da su akan itace, ƙarfe, siminti, fiberglass da filayen filastik. Ana samun fenti a launuka daban-daban kuma ana iya amfani da shi ta hanyoyi daban-daban - ta hanyar goga, abin nadi ko feshi (kawai hanyar farko da ake amfani da ita yayin zanen motoci). Kamar sauran abubuwan da aka tsara na irin wannan amfani dangane da polyurethane - mafi shahararrun suttura sune Titanium, Bronekor da Raptor - fentin da ake tambaya an yi shi ne akan polyurethane.

Tare da haɓakar fasaha, kera nau'ikan nau'ikan samfuran da suka dogara da silicone ya zama arha kuma mai araha. Saboda kaddarorin sa, silicone ya sami aikace-aikace a fagen kemistiri na mota. Bari mu gano abin da lubricants na silicone don hatimin roba, da kuma gano abin da abun da ke ciki ya fi kyau saya don wannan dalili. Haɗin kai da ƙa'idar aiki Silicones sune mahadi na organosilicon da ke ɗauke da oxygen. Dangane da nau'in rukunin kwayoyin halitta, waɗannan abubuwa suna da kaddarorin daban-daban. A abun da ke ciki na silicone lubricants ga roba hatimi mafi sau da yawa ya hada da daya daga uku (ko da yawa) abubuwa: silicone ruwaye (mai), elastomers ko resins. Ka'idar aiki na smear silicone abu ne mai sauƙi. Bayan an yi amfani da shi, mai mai mai kyau mai kyawu yana rufe saman da za a yi masa magani. Ba ta daskarewa...

Daga cikin samfuran kayan mai da aka samar a cikin Rasha da ƙasashen CIS, mai alama Tad-17 mai yiwuwa zai kai ƙimar shahara. Ana ɗaukar man fetur a duniya, yana kare sassan juzu'i na shafts da kayan aikin injiniya da kyau, kuma yana da kaddarorin antioxidant. Haɗawa da alama Tad-17 Mai watsawa, wanda aka samar daidai da buƙatun fasaha na GOST 23652-79 (da kuma mafi kusancin analog ɗinsa - Tad-17i mai), an yi niyya don amfani da motocin fasinja na cikin gida. Ya dace da watsawa ta hannu (musamman hypoid), tuƙi axles, wasu tsarin sarrafa motocin fasinja tare da shimfidar tuƙi na baya. Dangane da rabe-raben kasa da kasa, nasa ne na mai ajin GL-5. Ba a yi amfani da shi ba a cikin watsa manyan motoci da kayan aiki na musamman masu nauyi, tun da yake yana da ƙãra danko na farko, wanda ke ƙara yawan ƙarfin abin hawa (a irin waɗannan lokuta, ƙarin ...

Irin wannan mai nuna alama kamar yawa na maganin daskarewa yana da dacewa musamman don kimanta abubuwan da ke cikin masu sanyaya na zamani. Yawan yawa kai tsaye yana nuna adadin ethylene glycol (propylene glycol) da ruwa. Kuma wannan shine babban nuni na ikon maganin daskarewa don tsayayya da ƙananan yanayin zafi. Yawan antifreezes Kusan duk maganin daskarewa na zamani sun dogara ne akan barasa (daya daga cikin bambancin glycol) da ruwa mai narkewa. Matsakaicin glycol zuwa ruwa yana ƙayyade juriya ga ƙananan yanayin zafi. Akwai fa'ida a nan da ke da mahimmanci a fahimta. Domin ethylene glycol antifreezes, mulkin baya aiki: mafi girma da maida hankali na glycol, da karin sanyi da cakuda iya jure wa. Ethylene glycol yana da daskarewa kawai -13 ° C. Kuma irin wannan babban daskarewa bakin kofa na coolant ana samun su ta hanyar hadawa da ruwa. Har zuwa matakin glycol a cikin…

A cikin jerin abubuwan da aka saukar da Google lokacin shigar da kalmar "antifreeze", kalmar "Felix antifreeze" tana cikin matsayi na biyu mai daraja. Wannan ba abin mamaki bane, saboda masana'anta na wannan kewayon masu sanyaya, kamfanin Nizhny Novgorod Tosol-Sintez, yana da, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, tallafin jihohi. Gabaɗaya bayani game da Felix antifreezes Siffar abubuwan da aka yi la'akari da su shine nau'ikan halayen da aka bayar. Ta hanyar samar da nau'ikan waɗannan samfuran da yawa, Tosol-sintez yana ɗaure mai yuwuwar mai amfani da buƙatar siyan samfuran nasu. Duk antifreezes na Felix ma'adinai ne, kuma tushen aikin su shine monoethylene glycol. Dangane da rabe-raben da Volkswagen ya haɓaka, samfuran suna cikin ƙungiyoyin G11 da G12. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyin suna halin haɓakar kwanciyar hankali na abun da ke ciki ...

Daga cikin nau'ikan masu sanyaya, wuri na musamman na Tosol 65 ne, kuma, musamman, nau'in sa na Tosol A-65M. Ƙarin wasiƙa a cikin ƙayyadaddun samfurin yana da alaƙa da buƙatar amfani da shi a cikin sanyi, musamman ƙananan yanayin yanayi. Halayen sanyaya da ake magana a kai an ƙera shi ne ta hanyar ma'aikatan Sashen Fasahar Haɗin Halitta na ɗaya daga cikin cibiyoyin bincike na Soviet dangane da nau'ikan motoci na VAZ, wanda aka ƙware wajen samar da su a lokacin. Ƙarshen -ol an ƙara shi zuwa haruffa uku na farko na sunan, wanda shine hali don ƙididdige yawancin abubuwan kwayoyin halitta masu girma. Lamba 65 a cikin zazzage alamar alama tana nuna mafi ƙarancin daskarewa. Don haka, kusan rabin karni da suka gabata, an fara samar da dangin coolants tare da sunaye iri ɗaya (OJ Tosol, Tosol A-40, da sauransu) waɗanda aka tsara don amfani a cikin gida ...

Tayoyin mota, waɗanda ake saya a cikin manyan dillalan motoci, suna da kalar baƙar fata mai mutuntawa, suna jaddada sabon salo da sabo. Duk da haka, bayan lokaci, launi na taya mota yana canzawa, yana samun nau'i daban-daban na launin toka. Hanya mafi sauƙi don bayyana wannan ita ce tsufa a hankali na roba. Menene tsarin tsufa na taya? Canjin launi yana haifar da ba kawai ta yanayin aiki ba - canje-canje kwatsam a yanayin zafi, gogayya, damuwa - har ma ta hanyar iskar shaka. Ko da "ba hawan" roba a hankali yana haskakawa, saboda a lokacin aiki yana ci gaba da yin oxidation. A sakamakon haka, an kafa Layer oxide mai ƙarfi na ƙarfin ƙarfi a saman taya. Babu wani amfani daga irin wannan Layer, tun da lokaci guda tare da karfi yana samun karuwa mai yawa, saboda mahadi sulfide suna cikinsa. Yayin tuki akan munanan hanyoyi, saman…

Yaya hatsarin ruwa a cikin tankin iskar gas, daga ina ya fito da kuma yadda za a magance shi? Da ke ƙasa za mu yi magana game da hanya mafi sauƙi don cire danshi daga tankin mai - masu bushewa. Hanyoyin samar da danshi a cikin tankin iskar gas da sakamakon wannan al'amari Akwai manyan hanyoyi guda biyu na shigar ruwa cikin tankin mai. Naƙasasshiyar al'ada daga iska. Turin ruwa yana kasancewa a cikin yanayi ko da yaushe. Lokacin da ake hulɗa da filaye masu wuya (musamman a ƙananan yanayin zafi), danshi yana takushewa cikin ɗigon ruwa. Gilashin tankin gas na ƙirar mafi sauƙi yana da rami ta hanyar da iska daga yanayin ke shiga shi lokacin da matakin man fetur ya sauke (matsi mai yawa kuma yana fitowa ta wannan bawul). Wannan yana hana samuwar vacuum. A cikin ƙarin ƙirar tankin iskar gas ...

Cire datti da aka tara daga aikin jiki shine mataki na farko a kowane ƙoƙarin tsaftace abin hawa. A wannan yanayin, zaku iya amfani da soso na gargajiya ko mitt, amma yana da kyau a yi amfani da fasahar wankin matsin lamba, sannan ku yi amfani da shamfu na musamman na mota don wankewa mara amfani. Abubuwan da ke tattare da shamfu na motar don wankewa ba tare da hulɗa ba sun haɗa da surfactants, wakilai masu rikitarwa, tsoffin kumfa, masu sarrafa acidity, masu rarrabawa, masu gyara pH, masu gyarawa, da sauran abubuwan haɗin gwiwa. Amma ba duk shampoos suna yin aikinsu daidai ba. An ƙididdige ƙimar mafi kyawun shamfu na mota don wanke-wanke mara lamba don ɓangaren bayanin martaba na kasuwa a cikin 2018. Bilt Hamber Surfex HD Shampoo ya cancanci ya ɗauki matsayi na farko a cikin ƙima saboda ingantaccen iyawar sa. Kamar yadda bincike da yawa ya tabbatar, lokacin tuƙi mota ta kan titunan birni ...

Daga cikin duk man shafawa don watsawar hannu da sauran abubuwan watsawa, mai 80W90 shine watakila jagora a shahara. Wannan shi ne idan muka yi la'akari da tsakiyar yankin na Rasha. A ƙasa za mu bincika halaye da ikon yinsa, da gear man fetur da danko na 80W90. Deciphering 80W90 gear man Bari a taƙaice la'akari da manyan halaye da kaya mai da danko na 80W90 da. Ma'aunin SAE J300 yana faɗin haka. Matsakaicin zubewa kafin asarar mai da kaddarorin kariya yana a -26 ° C. Lokacin daskarewa ƙasa da wannan zafin jiki, ƙarfin ɗanɗanon mai zai wuce iyakar yarda na 150000 csp da injiniyoyin SAE suka karɓa. Wannan ba yana nufin cewa maiko zai koma kankara ba. Amma cikin daidaito, zai zama kamar zuma mai kauri. Kuma kamar…

Ƙanshin iskar gas a cikin ɗakin fasinja ko maras kyau, "yanke" sauti na fashewa yana nuna raguwar magudanar ruwa. Magani ɗaya mai sauri kuma mara tsada ga wannan matsalar shine muffler sealant. Game da abin da sealants for shaye tsarin ne da kuma yadda tasiri su ne - karanta a kasa. Ta yaya muffler sealant ke aiki kuma a ina ake amfani da shi? Ana kiran masu shaye-shaye na motoci da “ciminti”. Bugu da ƙari, kalmar "siminti" ba kawai a tsakanin masu ababen hawa ba ne aka ambata a matsayin slang. Wasu masana'antun na muffler sealants suna amfani da wannan kalmar akan marufi, ba don dalilai na kasuwanci ba. Kwatankwacin siminti tare da siminti yana da ma'ana ta gaske, mai amfani, da kuma sinadarai. Kusan duk masu ɗaukar motoci nau'ikan polymers ne daban-daban.…

Wasu masu ababen hawa, lokacin da suke maye gurbin ko ƙara sama, suna amfani da rigar daskare. Sauran masu motocin sun fi son maida hankali. Bari mu yi ƙoƙari mu gano wanda ya fi kyau: maganin daskarewa ko maganin daskarewa. Menene abubuwan daskarewa ya ƙunshi kuma ta yaya ya bambanta da ƙãre samfurin? Maganin daskarewa na yau da kullun da aka shirya don amfani ya ƙunshi manyan abubuwa 4: ethylene glycol; distilled ruwa; kunshin ƙari; rini. Abubuwan da aka tattara sun ɓace kawai ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da aka gyara: ruwa mai narkewa. Ragowar abubuwan da ke cikin cikakken abun da ke ciki suna cikin juzu'in masu sanyaya. Wani lokaci masana'antun, don sauƙaƙe da kuma hana tambayoyin da ba dole ba, kawai rubuta "Glycol" ko "Ethandiol" a kan marufi, wanda, a gaskiya, wani suna ne na ethylene glycol. Additives da rini yawanci ba a ambata. Koyaya, duk abubuwan ƙari da rini a cikin mafi yawan…