Gasoline "Kalosha". Kayayyaki da aikace-aikace
Fasali
Irin wannan nau'in nefras ana amfani da shi sosai a masana'antu, kodayake a hankali ana kawar da shi daga amfani da ƙarancin ƙwayar cuta da ƙarancin kaushi.
Babban halayen fasaha:
- Yanayin zafin jiki mai kunna kai_- 190 ... 250 ° C.
- Chemical abun da ke ciki - Organic hydrocarbon mahadi, adadin carbon atom a cikin abin da jeri daga 9 zuwa 14.
- Launi - rawaya mai haske ko (sau da yawa) - mara launi.
- Lambar octane kusan 52 ne.
- Additives ba su nan.
- Najasa: an ba da izinin kasancewar mahaɗan sulfur, jimlar adadin (a cikin sharuddan sulfide) bai wuce 0,5 ba.
- Yawa - 700…750 kg/m3.
Sauran Manuniya na Kalosh fetur sun bambanta, dangane da masana'antar aikace-aikacen sa. Abu na kowa shi ne cewa alkanes da ke cikin tsarin sinadarai na duk nefras suna kusa da cycloparaffins na danyen mai. A sakamakon haka, babban fasaha don samar da man fetur Kalosh shine raguwa tare da matsakaicin matsakaici.
Ana amfani da samfurin man fetur da aka samu don narkar da tawada bugu, magungunan kashe qwari, herbicides, sutura, kwalta na ruwa da sauran abubuwan halitta, gami da roba. Ana kuma amfani da su don tsabtace sassa masu motsi na ginin inji da kayan aikin ƙarfe daga gurɓata a cikin samar da gyare-gyare (wanda ya sa wannan samfurin ya yi kama da wasu nau'ikan man fetur, musamman man fetur B-70). Kada kayi amfani da samfurin a yanayin zafi sama da 300C.
Alamu da buƙatun aminci
Nefras suna samar da maki biyu: C2 80/120 da C3 80/120, waɗanda suka bambanta kawai a cikin fasahar samarwa da tsarkakewa. Musamman don samar da C2 80/120, ana amfani da man fetur da aka yi gyare-gyaren catalytic a matsayin samfurori na farko da aka kammala, kuma don C3 80/120, ana amfani da man fetur da aka samu ta hanyar distillation kai tsaye. Don nefras C2 80/120 na aji na farko, yawancin ya ɗan ragu kaɗan.
An biya kulawa ta musamman ga ka'idoji don amintaccen amfani da samfuran man fetur da ake tambaya. Ya kamata a la'akari da cewa alamar walƙiya na irin waɗannan abubuwa suna da ƙananan ƙananan, kuma kawai -17 don buɗaɗɗen budewa.0C. Lokacin da ake nema, dole ne a yi la'akari da yanayin fashewar abun. GOST 443-76 ya bayyana wannan siga a matsayin mai haɗari riga lokacin da yawan nefras a cikin tururin iska ya wuce 1,7%. Matsakaicin tururin mai a cikin yanayin dakin ba zai iya zama sama da 100 mg/m ba3.
Sau da yawa akwai rudani a cikin buƙatun fasaha don iskar gas mai ƙarfi saboda bambance-bambance a cikin ƙa'idodin da ke jagorantar masana'anta. Saboda haka, nefras (ciki har da mafi na kowa Nefras C2 80/120) da aka samar daidai da GOST 443-76, da kuma Kalosh fetur da aka samar bisa ga bayani dalla-dalla da cewa a fili kasa stringent. Duk da haka, bisa ga dabara da kaddarorin, wannan samfurin iri ɗaya ne, wanda ya bambanta kawai a cikin digiri na tacewa (don Kalosh petur, wannan digiri yana da ƙasa). Don haka, a zahirin mahangar man fetur na Br-2, da Kalosh petur da Nefras C2 80/120 abu daya ne.
Aikace-aikacen
Dangane da jimlar kaddarorinsa, Kalosh petur ana ɗaukarsa da farko mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, amma fa'idar aikinsa na bas ɗin ya fi faɗi:
- Fitar da mai.
- Tsaftace tankuna da tafkunan shuke-shuken yankan mai.
- Ana shirya yadudduka don rini.
- Rage kayan aikin lantarki kafin siyarwa.
- Tsabtace kayan ado.
- Mai da murhu da sauran kayan dumama domin yawon bude ido.
Kalosh man fetur bai kamata a gane gaba daya tare da Br-2 fetur. Ana samar da su daga nau'ikan kayan aiki daban-daban kuma an gwada su don abun ciki na abubuwan da aka gyara ta hanyoyi daban-daban, musamman lokacin da masana'anta ke gabatar da takamaiman abubuwan ƙari a cikin babban abun da ke ciki. Bugu da ƙari, duk nefras da aka samar bisa ga buƙatun fasaha na GOST 443-76 an bambanta su ta hanyar tabbataccen alamar adadin octane, wanda ba irin na sauran nau'o'in da aka yi la'akari da su a cikin wannan labarin ba.
An ƙayyade farashin waɗannan samfuran ta hanyar marufi na kaya. Don man fetur Kalosha, wanda aka sanya a cikin akwati na 0,5 lita, farashin ya tashi daga 100 ... 150 rubles, don marufi a cikin gwangwani na lita 10 - 700 ... rub / kg.
