Ford

Abubuwan da ke ciki Tarihin Masu mallakar Ford da gudanarwaLogoActivitiesModels Ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun kamfanonin mota shine Ford Motors. Babban hedkwatar kamfanin yana kusa da Detroit, birnin Motors - Dearborn. A wasu lokuta na tarihi, wannan babbar damuwa ta mallaki irin waɗannan samfuran kamar Mercury, Lincoln, Jaguar, Aston Martin, da sauransu. Kamfanin yana aikin kera motoci, manyan motoci da motocin noma. Koyi labarin yadda fadowa daga doki ya zama silar haɓaka ilimi da haɓakar fashewar titanium a masana'antar kera motoci. Labari na Ford Yayin da yake aiki a gonar mahaifinsa, wani ɗan ƙaura na Irish ya faɗi daga dokinsa. A wannan rana a shekara ta 1872, wani tunani ya mamaye kan Henry Ford: yadda yake son samun irin wannan abin hawa wanda zai fi aminci da aminci fiye da takwarorinsa na doki. Wannan mai sha'awar, tare da abokansa 11, suna tara adadi mai yawa ta waɗannan ma'auni - dala dubu 28 (mafi yawan kuɗin da aka ba da ita ta masu zuba jari 5 waɗanda suka yi imani da nasarar ra'ayin). Da waɗannan kudade, sun sami ƙananan masana'antu. Wannan taron ya faru ne a ranar 16.06.1903/XNUMX/XNUMX. Yana da kyau a lura cewa Ford shine kamfanin mota na farko a duniya don aiwatar da ka'idar hada-hadar motoci. Duk da haka, kafin kaddamar da shi a cikin 1913, an haɗa kayan aikin injiniya na musamman da hannu. Misalin aikin farko shine motar gefe mai injin mai. Injin konewa na ciki yana da ƙarfin dawakai 8, kuma ana kiran ma'aikatan Model-A. Bayan shekaru biyar da kafa kamfanin, duniya tana da samfurin mota mai araha - Model-T. An yiwa motar lakabi da "Tin Lizzy". An samar da motar har zuwa shekara ta 27 na karni na karshe. A ƙarshen 20s, kamfanin ya shiga yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa tare da Tarayyar Soviet. Ana kan gina wani kamfanin kera motoci na Amurka a Nizhny Novgorod. Dangane da abubuwan da suka faru na kamfanin iyaye, an haɓaka motocin GAZ-A, da kuma irin wannan samfurin tare da alamar AA. A cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa, tambarin, wanda ke samun karbuwa, yana gina masana'antu a Jamus tare da haɗin gwiwa tare da Reich na Uku, yana ba da motoci masu ƙafafu da masu sa ido ga sojojin kasar. A bangaren sojojin Amurka, hakan ya haifar da gaba. Duk da haka, da farkon yakin duniya na biyu, Ford ya yanke shawarar daina aiki da Nazi Jamus, kuma ya fara samar da kayan aikin soja ga Amurka. Anan akwai ɗan gajeren tarihin haɗaka da siyan wasu samfuran: 1922, a ƙarƙashin jagorancin kamfanin, rukunin motoci na Lincoln Premium ya fara; 1939 - An kafa alamar Mercury, tare da motoci masu tsada suna birgima daga layin taro. Rabon ya kasance har zuwa 2010; 1986 - Ford ya sami alamar Aston Martin. An sayar da rabon a cikin 2007; 1990 - an yi siyan samfurin Jaguar, wanda a cikin 2008 ya wuce zuwa masana'antar Indiya Tata Motors; 1999 - An samo alamar Volvo, wanda aka sake sayar da shi a cikin 2010. Sabon mai wannan rukunin shine alamar China Zhenjiang Geely; 2000 - An sayi alamar Land Rover, wanda kuma aka sayar da shi bayan shekaru 8 ga kamfanin Indiya Tata. Masu mallaka da gudanarwa Gudanar da kamfanin yana aiwatar da shi gaba ɗaya ta dangin wanda ya kafa alamar. Wannan shine ɗayan mafi girman damuwa, wanda dangi ɗaya ke sarrafawa. Bugu da ƙari, an rarraba Ford a matsayin kamfani na jama'a. Motsin hannun jarinsa ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar musayar hannun jari a New York. Logo Motocin masana'anta na Amurka ana gane su ta hanyar lakabi mai sauƙi akan gasasshen radiyo. An rubuta sunan kamfanin a cikin farar haruffa a cikin ainihin font a cikin shuɗin oval. Alamar alamar tana nuna girmamawa ga al'ada da ladabi, wanda za'a iya gano shi a yawancin samfuran kamfanin. Alamar ta bi ta haɓakawa da yawa. Childe Harold Wills ya yi zane na farko a cikin 1903. Sunan kamfani ne, an yi shi cikin salon sa hannu. A gefen gefen, alamar tana da iyakacin iyaka, wanda a ciki, ban da sunan mai sana'anta, an nuna wurin da hedkwatar ta kasance. 1909 - An canza tambarin gaba ɗaya. Maimakon plaque na motley, an maye gurbin radiyon ƙarya da sunan mahaifin wanda ya kafa, wanda aka yi a cikin babban font na asali; 1912 - alamar ta sami ƙarin abubuwa - bango mai shuɗi a cikin nau'in mikiya mai yada fuka-fuki. An rubuta sunan alamar a cikin manyan haruffa a tsakiyar, kuma an rubuta taken talla a ƙarƙashinsa - "Motar Universal"; 1912 - Tambarin alamar yana samun siffar m na yau da kullun. An rubuta Ford a cikin baƙaƙen haruffa akan farar bango; 1927 - Wani shuɗi mai launin shuɗi tare da farar iyaka ya bayyana. Sunan alamar mota yana cikin farar haruffa; 1957 - Oval ya canza zuwa siffa mai ma'ana mai tsayi a tarnaƙi. Launin bango yana canzawa. Rubutun da kansa ya kasance ba canzawa; 1976 - adadi na baya yana ɗaukar nau'i na oval mai shimfiɗa tare da ƙwanƙolin azurfa. Baya da kansa an yi shi ne a cikin salon da ke ba da girma ga rubutun; 2003 - firam ɗin azurfa ya ɓace, launin bango ya fi kashewa. Sama ya fi na kasa haske. Ana yin canjin launi mai santsi a tsakanin su, godiya ga wanda ko da rubutu ya zama mai girma. Ayyuka Kamfanin yana ba da sabis da yawa a cikin masana'antar kera motoci. Kamfanonin na kera motocin fasinja, da manyan motocin kasuwanci da motocin bas. Damuwar za a iya raba ta bisa sharaɗi zuwa sassa 3 na tsari: Arewacin Amirka; Asiya-Pacific; Bature. Waɗannan sassan sun rabu a yanayin ƙasa. Har zuwa 2006, kowannensu ya samar da kayan aiki don takamaiman kasuwar da suke da alhakin. Juya batu a cikin wannan manufar ita ce shawarar da darektan kamfanin, Roger Mully (wannan canji na injiniya da dan kasuwa ya ceci alamar daga rushewa) don yin Ford "Daya". Asalin ra'ayin shine cewa kamfanin zai samar da samfuran duniya don nau'ikan kasuwa daban-daban. An ƙunshi ra'ayin a cikin ƙarni na uku Ford Focus. Model Ga tarihin alamar a cikin samfurori: 1903 - samar da samfurin mota na farko ya fara, wanda ya karbi alamar A. 1906 - Model K ya bayyana, wanda aka fara shigar da injin 6-cylinder. Ƙarfinsa ya kai dawakai arba'in. Saboda rashin ingancin ginin, samfurin bai daɗe ba a kasuwa. Irin wannan labari ya kasance tare da V. Dukan zaɓuɓɓukan biyu an yi su ne ga masu ababen hawa. Rashin gazawar sigar ta yi aiki a matsayin ƙwarin gwiwa don samar da ƙarin motocin kasafin kuɗi. 1908 - Model T na wurin hutawa ya bayyana, wanda ya zama sananne ba kawai don ingancinsa ba, har ma don farashinsa mai ban sha'awa. Da farko, an sayar da shi akan 850 USD. (don kwatantawa, Model K an ba da shi a farashin $ 2), kadan daga baya, an yi amfani da kayan aiki mai rahusa, wanda ya sa ya yiwu a rage farashin sufuri da kusan rabin ($ 800). Motar tana da injin lita 2,9. An haɗa shi da akwatin gear na duniya mai sauri biyu. Ita ce mota ta farko da ke da kwafi miliyan. An ƙirƙiri nau'ikan sufuri iri-iri akan chassis na wannan ƙirar, kama daga ma'aikatan alatu masu kujeru biyu zuwa motar asibiti. 1922 - Samun kayan haɗin motoci, Lincoln, ga masu hannu da shuni. 1922-1950 kamfanin ya yanke shawara da dama don fadada yanayin yanayin samarwa, yana kulla yarjejeniyoyi da kasashe daban-daban inda aka gina kamfanonin kamfanin. 1932 - Kamfanin ya zama masana'anta na farko a duniya don samar da bulolin V-monolithic tare da silinda 8. 1938 - An kirkiro wani yanki na Mercury don samarwa kasuwar motocin masu matsakaicin zango (tsakanin kamfanin Ford mai sauki da kuma Lincoln na yanzu). Farkon shekarun 50 lokaci ne na neman asali da ra'ayoyin juyin juya hali. Don haka, a cikin 1955, Thunderbird ya bayyana a baya na hardtop (abin da ke cikin wannan nau'in jiki, karanta a nan). Motar kungiyar asiri ta sami tsararraki 11 da yawa. A karkashin kaho na mota akwai wani V-dimbin yawa ikon na'ura mai lita 4,8, tasowa da ikon 193 horsepower. Duk da cewa motar an yi niyya ne ga direbobi masu hannu da shuni, samfurin ya shahara sosai. 1959 - Wata shahararriyar mota ta bayyana - Galaxie. Samfurin ya karɓi nau'ikan jiki guda 6, makullin yara, da kuma ingantaccen ginshiƙin tuƙi. 1960 - farkon samar da samfurin Falcon, a kan dandamali wanda aka gina Maverick, Granada da na farko Mustang. Mota a cikin asali sanyi samu wani 2,4-lita engine da 90 horsepower. Naúrar wutar lantarki ce mai silinda 6 ta kan layi. 1964 - bayyanar da almara Ford Mustang. Ya kasance 'ya'yan itacen neman samfurin tauraron kamfanin, wanda zai biya kudi mai kyau, amma a lokaci guda shine mafi kyawawa ga masoya kyawawan motoci masu ƙarfi. A ra'ayi model da aka gabatar a shekara a baya, amma kafin cewa kamfanin ya halicci da dama prototypes na wannan mota, ko da yake bai taba kawo su rayuwa. Ƙarƙashin murfin sabon abu ɗaya ne a cikin layi shida kamar yadda yake a cikin Falcon, kawai ƙaura ya ƙaru (har zuwa lita 2,8). Motar ta sami ingantacciyar kuzari da kulawa mara tsada, kuma mafi girman fa'idarta shine ta'aziyya, wanda motocin ba'a basu ba a baya. 1966 - Kamfanin a ƙarshe ya sami nasara a cikin fafatawa tare da alamar Ferrari akan hanyar Le Mans. Glory yana kawo mafi ƙarfi kuma amintaccen motar motsa jiki na alamar Amurka GT-40. Bayan nasarar, alamar ta gabatar da sigar almara - GT-40 MKIII. A karkashin kaho akwai riga da aka saba sani da 4,7-lita V-dimbin yawa takwas. Mafi girman iko shine 310 hp. Duk da cewa motar ta kasance mai ɗorewa, ba a sabunta ta ba sai 2003. Sabbin tsararraki sun sami injin da ya fi girma (lita 5,4), wanda ya haɓaka motar zuwa "daruruwan" a cikin 3,2 seconds, kuma matsakaicin iyakar gudu shine 346 km / h. 1968 - Samfurin wasanni Escort Twin Cam ya bayyana. Motar ta zo ta daya a gasar tseren da aka yi a kasar Ireland, da kuma gasa da dama a kasashe daban-daban har zuwa shekarar 1970. Ayyukan wasanni na alamar ya ba shi damar jawo hankalin sababbin abokan ciniki waɗanda ke son tseren mota kuma sun yaba da ingantattun motoci tare da sababbin tsarin lantarki. 1970 - Taunus (sigar motar hagu ta Turai) ko Cortina (nau'in "Turanci na dama-dama"). 1976 - An fara kirkirar E-Series na Econoline, tare da watsawa, Injin da chassis daga masu daukar F-Series da SUVs. 1976 - Fiesta ƙarni na farko ya bayyana. 1980 - An fara samar da Bronco mai tarihi. Motar daukar kaya ce mai gajeriyar chassis mai tsayi. Saboda babban matakin yarda, samfurin ya dade yana shahara saboda iyawar sa na ƙetare, ko da lokacin da mafi cancantar samfuran SUVs masu dacewa sun fito. 1982 - Kaddamar da motar bayan Sierra. 1985 - Haƙiƙanin rudani ya yi mulki a kasuwar mota: saboda rikicin mai na duniya, manyan motoci sun rasa matsayinsu, kuma ƙananan motocin Japan sun zo a wurinsu. Samfuran masu fafatawa suna da ƙarancin ɗanyen mai, kuma dangane da aikin ba su da ƙasa da manyan motocin Amurka masu ƙarfi. Hukumar gudanarwar kamfanin ta yanke shawarar sakin wani samfurin gudu. Tabbas, ba ta maye gurbin Mustang ba, amma ta sami karɓuwa mai kyau a tsakanin masu motoci. Ya kasance samfurin Taurus. Duk da mawuyacin halin tattalin arziki, sabon sabon abu ya zama mafi kyawun siyarwa a tarihin alamar. 1990 - Wani ɗan kasuwan Amurka ya bayyana - Explorer. Wannan kuma shekara ta gaba, samfurin yana samun lambar yabo a cikin nau'in mafi kyawun SUV. An shigar da injin mai mai lita 4 tare da 155 hp a ƙarƙashin murfin motar. An haɗa shi tare da na'ura mai sauri 4-gudun atomatik ko na inji mai sauri 5 daidai. 1993 - aka ba da sanarwar ƙaddamar da samfurin Mondeo, wanda a ciki aka yi amfani da sabbin ƙa'idodin aminci ga direba da fasinjoji. 1994 - An fara kera kananan motoci kirar Windstar. 1995 - a Geneva Motor Show, an nuna Galaxy (rukunin EUROPE), wanda a shekara ta 2000 ya sami matsala sosai. 1996 - An ƙaddamar da balaguro don maye gurbin ƙaunataccen Bronco. 1998 - Geneva Motor Show ya gabatar da Maida hankali, wanda ya maye gurbin Yarjejeniyar Escort. 2000 - An nuna samfurin Ford Escape a taron Detroit Motor Show. Ga Turai, an kirkiro irin wannan SUV - Maverick. 2002 - samfurin C-Max ya bayyana, wanda ya karɓi mafi yawan tsarin daga Maida hankali, amma tare da aiki mai aiki. 2002 - an baiwa masu motoci motar Fusion birni. 2003 - Kamfanin Tourneo Connect, mota mai aiki da kyan gani, ya bayyana. 2006 - An kirkiro S-Max akan sabon shagon Galaxy. 2008 - Kamfanin ya buɗe mahimmin juzu'i tare da sakin Kuga. 2012 - Wani sabon ci gaba na ingin tattalin arziki ya bayyana. An kira ci gaban Ecoboost. An baiwa motar kyautar lambar yabo ta “International Engine” sau da yawa. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, kamfanin yana haɓaka ƙarfi, tattalin arziki, ƙima da kyawawan motoci don nau'ikan masu ababen hawa daban-daban. Bugu da ƙari, kamfanin yana haɓaka a cikin samar da motocin kasuwanci.