Me yasa janareta na VAZ 2107 ya kasa da kuma binciken sa
Abubuwa
Mafi na kowa rashin aikin mota, ciki har da VAZ 2107, sun hada da matsaloli tare da lantarki kayan aiki. Tunda tushen wutar lantarki a cikin abin hawa shine janareta da baturi, farawar injin da aikin duk masu amfani sun dogara ne akan ayyukansu marasa katsewa. Tun da baturi da janareta suna aiki tare, rayuwar sabis da tsawon lokacin aiki na tsohon ya dogara da na ƙarshe.
Dubawa janareta VAZ 2107
Janareta na “bakwai” yana samar da wutar lantarki lokacin da injin ke aiki. Idan akwai matsaloli tare da shi, dole ne a magance matsalolin da ke haifar da lalacewa da kuma kawar da lalacewa nan da nan. Za a iya samun matsaloli da yawa tare da janareta. Don haka, akwai bukatar a magance matsalar rashin aikin yi dalla-dalla.
Gwajin gada Diode
Gadar diode na janareta ta ƙunshi diodes masu gyara da yawa, waɗanda ake ba da wutar lantarki mai canzawa, kuma ana fitar da wutar lantarki akai-akai. Ayyukan janareta da kansa kai tsaye ya dogara da sabis na waɗannan abubuwan. Wani lokaci diodes sun kasa kuma suna buƙatar dubawa da maye gurbinsu. Ana gudanar da bincike ta hanyar amfani da multimeter ko kwan fitilar mota 12 V.
Multimeter
Hanyar ta ƙunshi matakai masu zuwa:
- Muna duba kowane diode daban, haɗa abubuwan binciken na'urar a wuri ɗaya, sannan mu canza polarity. A cikin wata hanya, multimeter ya kamata ya nuna juriya marar iyaka, kuma a cikin sauran - 500-700 ohms.Lokacin duba diodes tare da multimeter a wuri ɗaya, na'urar ya kamata ya nuna juriya marar iyaka, kuma a cikin sauran - 500-700 Ohms.
- Idan ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan semiconductor yana da ƙarancin juriya ko ƙarancin iyaka yayin ci gaba a bangarorin biyu, to ana buƙatar gyara ko maye gurbin mai gyara.Idan juriya na diode yana da tsayi mara iyaka yayin gwajin a bangarorin biyu, ana ɗaukar mai gyara kuskure.
Kwan fitila
Idan ba ku da multimeter a hannu, zaku iya amfani da kwan fitila na yau da kullun na 12 V:
- Muna haɗa mummunan tashar baturin zuwa jikin gadar diode. Muna haɗa fitilar a cikin rata tsakanin ingantaccen lamba na baturi da kuma fitar da janareta mai alamar "30". Idan fitilar ta haskaka, gadar diode ba ta da kyau.
- Don duba korau diodes na rectifier, muna haɗa rabe na tushen wutar lantarki kamar yadda a cikin sakin layi na baya, da ƙari ta hanyar kwan fitila tare da diode gada hawa aronji. Fitilar konewa ko kyalli tana nuna matsaloli tare da diodes.
- Don bincika abubuwa masu kyau, muna haɗa batir ɗin ƙari ta cikin fitilar zuwa tashar "30" na janareta. Haɗa mummunan tasha zuwa kusoshi. Idan fitilar ba ta haskaka ba, ana ɗaukar mai gyara yana aiki.
- Don bincika ƙarin diodes, ragowar baturin ya kasance a wuri ɗaya kamar yadda yake a cikin sakin layi na baya, kuma ƙari ta hanyar fitilar an haɗa shi zuwa tashar "61" na janareta.. Fitilar haske tana nuna matsaloli tare da diodes.Don duba gadar diode tare da fitila, ana amfani da tsarin haɗin kai daban-daban dangane da abubuwan da ake ganowa.
Bidiyo: bincike na sashin gyarawa tare da kwan fitila
Duba mai sarrafa relay
Tun lokacin da aka shigar daban-daban masu kula da wutar lantarki a kan VAZ "bakwai", yana da daraja a bincika kowane ɗayan su daki-daki.
Relay mai hade
Haɗaɗɗen gudun ba da sanda yana hade da goge kuma an ɗora shi akan janareta. Kuna iya cire shi ba tare da tarwatsa na ƙarshe ba, kodayake ba zai zama mai sauƙi ba. Kuna buƙatar zuwa bayan janareta, cire sukurori biyu waɗanda ke tabbatar da relay ɗin kuma cire shi daga rami na musamman.
Don duba mai sarrafa wutar lantarki zaka buƙaci:
- 12-22 V mai canzawa wutar lantarki;
- haɗa waya;
- 12V kwan fitila.
Tsarin kanta ya ƙunshi matakai masu zuwa:
- Muna haɗa ragowar baturin zuwa ƙasa na relay, da ƙari zuwa lambar "B". Muna haɗa kwan fitila zuwa goga. Har yanzu ba a haɗa tushen wutar lantarki a cikin kewaye ba. Fitilar ya kamata ya haskaka, yayin da ƙarfin lantarki ya zama kusan 12,7 V.
- Muna haɗa wutar lantarki zuwa tashoshi na baturi, lura da polarity, kuma ƙara ƙarfin lantarki zuwa 14,5 V. Ya kamata hasken ya fita. Lokacin da ƙarfin lantarki ya faɗi, yakamata ya sake yin haske. Idan ba haka ba, dole ne a maye gurbin relay.
- Muna ci gaba da ƙara tashin hankali. Idan ya kai 15-16 V, kuma hasken ya ci gaba da ƙonewa, wannan zai nuna cewa mai sarrafa relay-regulator baya iyakance ƙarfin lantarki da ake bayarwa ga baturi. Ana ɗaukar ɓangaren baya aiki, yana sake cajin baturi.Haɗaɗɗen relay ɗin ya ƙunshi na'ura mai sarrafa wutar lantarki da taron goga, waɗanda ake dubawa ta amfani da wutar lantarki tare da madaidaicin ƙarfin fitarwa.
Raba gudun ba da sanda
Ana saka wani relay na daban a jikin motar, kuma wutar lantarki daga janareta ta fara zuwa gare ta, sannan zuwa ga baturi. A matsayin misali, yi la'akari da duba gudun ba da sanda na Y112B, wanda kuma aka sanya shi a kan classic Zhiguli". Dangane da sigar, ana iya shigar da irin wannan mai sarrafa duka a jiki da kuma kan janareta kanta. Muna wargaza sashin kuma muna aiwatar da matakai masu zuwa:
- Muna harhada da'ira mai kama da na baya, maimakon goge-goge, muna haɗa kwan fitila zuwa lambobin sadarwa "W" da "B" na relay.
- Muna yin rajistan ne kamar yadda a cikin hanyar da ke sama. Hakanan ana ɗaukar relay ɗin kuskure idan fitilar ta ci gaba da ƙonewa lokacin da ƙarfin lantarki ya tashi.Idan fitilar ta haskaka a ƙarfin lantarki na 12 zuwa 14,5 V kuma yana fita lokacin da ya tashi, ana ɗaukar relay ɗin yana cikin yanayi mai kyau.
tsohon gudun ba da sanda irin
An shigar da irin wannan mai sarrafawa akan tsohuwar "classic". An haɗa na'urar zuwa jiki, tabbatarwarsa yana da wasu bambance-bambance daga zaɓuɓɓukan da aka bayyana. Mai sarrafa yana da fitarwa guda biyu - "67" da "15". Na farko an haɗa shi da mummunan tasha na baturi, na biyu kuma zuwa tabbatacce. An haɗa kwan fitila tsakanin ƙasa da lamba "67". Juyin canje-canjen wutar lantarki da martanin fitilar zuwa gare shi iri ɗaya ne.
Bidiyo: duba janareta relay-regulator akan "classic"
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Gwajin Condenser
Ana amfani da capacitor a cikin da'irar mai sarrafa wutar lantarki azaman mai hana amo mai girma. An haɗa ɓangaren kai tsaye zuwa gidan janareta. Wani lokaci yana iya kasawa.
Ana gudanar da duba lafiyar wannan kashi tare da na'ura na musamman. Koyaya, zaku iya samun ta tare da multimeter na dijital ta zaɓar iyakar aunawa na 1 MΩ:
- Muna haɗa masu binciken na'urar zuwa tashoshi na capacitor. Tare da wani abu mai aiki, juriya zai zama ƙananan a farkon, bayan haka zai fara karuwa zuwa rashin iyaka.
- Muna canza polarity. Karatun kayan aikin yakamata ya kasance iri ɗaya. Idan capacitance ya karye, to juriya zai zama karami.
Idan wani sashi ya kasa, yana da sauƙin maye gurbinsa. Don yin wannan, kawai cire kayan ɗamara da ke riƙe da akwati da gyara waya.
Bidiyo: yadda ake duba capacitor na janareta na mota
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Duba goga da zoben zamewa
Don duba zoben zamewa a kan na'ura mai juyi, janareta zai buƙaci a ɓata wani yanki ta hanyar cire na baya. Bincike ya ƙunshi duban gani na lambobin sadarwa don lahani da lalacewa. Matsakaicin diamita na zoben dole ne ya zama 12,8 mm. In ba haka ba, dole ne a maye gurbin anka. Bugu da ƙari, ana bada shawara don tsaftace lambobin sadarwa tare da takarda mai laushi mai laushi.
Ana kuma duba goge-goge, kuma idan ya yi tsanani ko lalacewa, ana maye gurbin su. Tsawon gogewar dole ne ya zama aƙalla 4,5 mm. A cikin kujerunsu, yakamata su yi tafiya cikin walwala kuma ba tare da cunkoso ba.
Bidiyo: duba taron goga na janareta
Dubawa windings
The "bakwai" janareta yana da biyu windings - rotor da stator. Na farko yana ƙullawa kuma yana jujjuyawa koyaushe lokacin da injin ke aiki, na biyu kuma yana daidaitawa a jikin janareta da kansa. Iska wani lokacin yana kasawa. Don gano rashin aiki, kuna buƙatar sanin hanyar tabbatarwa.
Rotor iska
Don bincikar iskar rotor, kuna buƙatar multimeter, kuma tsarin kanta ya ƙunshi matakai masu zuwa:
- Muna auna juriya tsakanin zoben zamewa. Ya kamata karatu ya kasance tsakanin 2,3-5,1 ohms. Maɗaukakin ƙima za su nuna rashin daidaituwa tsakanin karkatar da kai da zobe. Ƙananan juriya yana nuna ɗan gajeren da'ira tsakanin juyi. A kowane hali, anga yana buƙatar gyara ko sauyawa.Don duba iskar rotor, ana haɗa na'urorin binciken multimeter zuwa zoben zamewa a maƙarƙashiya
- Muna haɗa baturin zuwa lambobi masu jujjuyawa a jere tare da multimeter a iyakar ma'aunin halin yanzu. Kyakkyawan iska ya kamata ya cinye halin yanzu na 3-4,5 A. Maɗaukakin ƙima suna nuna gajeriyar kewayawa.
- Duba juriya na rotor. Don yin wannan, muna haɗa fitilun 40 W zuwa mains ta hanyar iska. Idan babu juriya tsakanin iska da jikin armature, to kwan fitila ba zai haskaka ba. Idan fitilar da kyar take haskakawa, to akwai yoyon ruwa a kasa.Ana duba juriyar insulation na iskar armature ta hanyar haɗa kwan fitila 220 W zuwa cibiyar sadarwar 40 V ta hanyarsa.
Stator iska
Buɗewa ko gajeriyar kewayawa na iya faruwa tare da iskar stator. Hakanan ana gudanar da bincike ta hanyar amfani da multimeter ko kwan fitila na 12 V:
- A kan na'urar, zaɓi yanayin auna juriya kuma a madadin haka haɗa bincike zuwa tashoshi na iska. Idan babu hutu, juriya ya kamata ya kasance cikin 10 ohms. In ba haka ba, zai zama babba mara iyaka.Don duba iskar stator don buɗaɗɗen da'ira, dole ne a haɗa masu binciken ɗaya bayan ɗaya zuwa tashoshi masu jujjuyawa.
- Idan an yi amfani da fitila, to, muna haɗa batir ɗin da aka cire zuwa ɗaya daga cikin lambobin sadarwa, kuma mu haɗa batir ɗin ƙari ta cikin fitilar zuwa wani tashar stator. Lokacin da fitilar ta haskaka, ana ɗaukar iska mai amfani. In ba haka ba, dole ne a gyara ko maye gurbin sashin.Lokacin gano stator coils ta amfani da fitila, haɗin sa yana yin layi tare da baturi da iska
- Don bincika jujjuyawar ɗan gajeren lokaci zuwa harka, muna haɗa ɗaya daga cikin na'urorin multimeter zuwa yanayin stator, ɗayan kuma bi da bi zuwa ga tashoshi na iska. Idan babu gajeriyar kewayawa, ƙimar juriya zata kasance babba mara iyaka.Idan, lokacin duba gajeriyar da'irar stator zuwa akwati, na'urar tana nuna juriya mara iyaka, ana ɗaukar iskar tana cikin yanayi mai kyau.
- Don tantance iskar stator don ɗan gajeren kewayawa, muna haɗa baturin da aka cire zuwa akwati, kuma mu haɗa ƙari ta cikin fitilar zuwa tashoshi masu juyawa. Fitilar da ke haskakawa zai nuna gajeriyar kewayawa.
Duba bel
An kora janareta ta bel daga injin ƙugiya. Lokaci-lokaci yana da mahimmanci don duba tashin hankali na bel, saboda idan an sassauta shi, matsaloli tare da cajin baturi na iya faruwa. Har ila yau yana da daraja kula da mutuncin kayan bel. Idan akwai abubuwan da ake iya gani, hawaye da sauran lalacewa, ana buƙatar maye gurbin kashi. Don duba tashin hankalinsa, bi waɗannan matakan:
- Muna danna ɗaya daga cikin rassan bel, alal misali, tare da screwdriver, yayin da lokaci guda auna ma'auni tare da mai mulki.Dole ne a ɗaure bel ɗin daidai, saboda sama ko ƙarƙashin tashin hankali yana shafar ba cajin baturi kaɗai ba, har ma da lalacewa na maɓalli da famfo.
- Idan jujjuyawar ba ta faɗi cikin kewayon 12-17 mm ba, daidaita tashin hankali na bel. Don yin wannan, zazzage dutsen na sama na janareta, matsar da ƙarshen zuwa ko nesa da toshewar injin, sannan ƙara goro.Don daidaita tashin hankali na alternator bel, ya isa ya sassauta goro da ke saman jikinsa kuma ya motsa na'urar ta hanyar da ta dace, sannan a matsa shi.
Tabbatarwa
Don haka rashin aikin janareta wanda ƙuƙumman bearings ya haifar ba zai ba ku mamaki ba, lokacin da hayaniya ta bayyana, kuna buƙatar bincika su. Don haka, janareta zai buƙaci tarwatse daga motar kuma a kwance shi. Muna yin bincike a cikin tsari mai zuwa:
- Muna duban gani na bearings, ƙoƙarin gano lalacewar keji, bukukuwa, masu rarrabawa, alamun lalata..Ƙunƙarar maɓalli na iya gazawa sakamakon tsagewa a kejin, karyewar mai raba, ko babban fitarwa na ƙwallaye.
- Muna duba ko sassan suna juyawa cikin sauƙi, ko akwai hayaniya da wasa, girman girmansa. Tare da ƙaƙƙarfan wasa ko alamun lalacewa, ana buƙatar maye gurbin samfurin.Idan a lokacin bincike an sami tsagewa akan murfin janareta, dole ne a maye gurbin wannan ɓangaren gidan
Lokacin dubawa, ya kamata kuma a kula da murfin gaba na janareta. Kada ya kasance yana da fasa ko wasu lalacewa. Idan an sami lalacewa, ana maye gurbin sashin da sabo.
Dalilan gazawar janareta Vaz 2107
Janareta a kan "bakwai" yana kasawa akai-akai, amma har yanzu lalacewa yana faruwa. Saboda haka, yana da daraja sanin ƙarin game da yadda malfunctions bayyana kansu.
Rushewa ko karyewar iska
Ayyukan janareta kai tsaye ya dogara da lafiyar injin janareta. Tare da coils, hutu da gajeren kewayawa na juyawa, raguwa a jiki na iya faruwa. Idan rotor winding ya karye, ba za a sami cajin baturi ba, wanda hasken cajin baturi mai haske zai nuna shi a gaban dashboard. Idan matsalar ta ta'allaka ne a cikin guntuwar coil zuwa gidaje, to, irin wannan rashin aikin yi yakan faru ne a wuraren da ƙarshen windings ke fita zuwa zoben zamewa. Ƙwararren ɗan gajeren lokaci na stator yana faruwa ne saboda cin zarafi na rufin wayoyi. A wannan yanayin, janareta zai yi zafi sosai kuma ba zai iya cika cikakken cajin baturi ba. Idan stator coils aka shorted ga gidaje, da janareta zai hum, zafi sama, da kuma ikon zai ragu.
A baya dai an sake samun iskar janareta idan ta lalace, amma yanzu kusan babu wanda ke yin hakan. Ana kawai maye gurbin sashin da sabo.
Goge lalacewa
Gilashin janareta yana ba da wutar lantarki ga jujjuyawar filin. Rashin aikin su yana haifar da caji mara ƙarfi ko cikakkiyar rashin sa. A yayin da rashin goge goge:
- masu amfani sukan cire haɗin don dalilan da ba a sani ba;
- fitilu ba su da ƙarfi kuma suna walƙiya;
- ƙarfin wutar lantarki na cibiyar sadarwa na kan jirgin yana raguwa sosai;
- Baturin yana matsewa da sauri.Idan gogagi sun ƙare, akwai matsaloli tare da cajin baturi.
Relay-regulator
Idan, bayan fara injin, ƙarfin lantarki a tashoshin baturi ya kasance ƙasa da 13 V ko kuma mafi girma fiye da 14 V, to matsalar na iya zama lalacewa ta hanyar rashin aikin wutar lantarki. Rashin wannan na'urar na iya rage rayuwar baturi sosai. Idan bayan wani dare na filin ajiye motoci Starter ba ya juya ko ka lura da farin smudges a kan baturi kanta, to lokaci ya yi da za a gane da relay-regulator.
Wannan na'urar na iya samun matsaloli kamar haka:
- lamba mara aminci tare da goge;
- rushewar abubuwa;
- hutun ciki a cikin kewaye.
Cajin na iya zama ba ya nan saboda lalacewa ko daskarewar goge-goge, wanda ke da alaƙa da raguwar maɓuɓɓugan ruwa yayin amfani mai tsawo.
Rushewar diode
Rashin gazawar gadar diode na iya gabace ta:
- danshi shiga cikin janareta;
- datti da mai;
- "lighting up the mota" lokacin da baturi ya ƙare gaba ɗaya kuma an haɗa wayoyi ba daidai ba.Lalacewar janareta da mai na iya haifar da gazawar gadar diode.
Idan mutuncin diodes a cikin yanayin "hasken haske" ya dogara da kulawar mai mallakar motar, to babu wanda ya tsira daga tasirin abubuwan farko guda biyu.
Одшипники
VAZ 2107 janareta yana da nau'ikan ball guda 2 waɗanda ke tabbatar da jujjuyawar rotor kyauta. Wani lokaci janareta na iya yin sautunan da ba su dace da aikin sa ba, misali, hayaniya ko hayaniya. Wargaza madaidaicin da shafa mai na iya gyara matsalar na ɗan lokaci. Saboda haka, yana da kyau a maye gurbin sassan. Idan sun ƙare albarkatunsu, to janareta zai yi ƙara mai ƙarfi. Ba shi da daraja jinkirta gyaran gyare-gyare, tun da akwai babban yiwuwar ƙaddamar da taro da dakatar da rotor. Bears na iya karyewa da husuma saboda rashin man shafawa, nauyi mai nauyi, ko rashin aikin yi.
Bidiyo: yadda jigon janareta ke yin hayaniya
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Zai yiwu a gyara duk wani rashin aiki na janareta na Vaz "bakwai" tare da hannuwanku. Don gano matsala, ba lallai ba ne don samun kayan aiki na musamman, don samun ilimi da ƙwarewa a cikin aiki tare da kayan lantarki na mota, ko da yake ba za su kasance masu banƙyama ba. Don gwada janareta, multimeter na dijital ko kwan fitila 12 V zai wadatar.