Volkswagen injuna: iri, halaye, matsaloli da kuma bincike

Damuwar Volkswagen tana samar da isassun wutar lantarki da yawa, wanda ya haɗa da injunan wutan mai da wuta da injunan dizal mai kunna wuta. Damuwar tana shigar da nata ci gaban duka akan motoci da manyan motoci.

Bayani game da injiniyoyin Volkswagen Group

Damuwar Volkswagen, wacce aka kafa a Berlin a ranar 28 ga Mayu, 1937, ta ayyana samar da motoci masu araha tare da ingantattun halaye na fasaha a matsayin fifiko. Dole ne injunan sun cika buƙatu masu zuwa:

• mafi girman matakin tsaro;
• inji mai dogara;
• tattalin arziki amfani da man fetur;
• m ta'aziyya;
• salon ga mutane hudu;
• ƙaramin tasiri akan yanayi;
• ingancin datsa mai kyau.

A wasu kalmomi, damuwa ya kamata ya samar da motoci masu kasafin kudi tare da ingin mai karfi da tattalin arziki.

Kowane mai VW Beetle ya yi tunanin kansa a cikin mota mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi.

Juyin Halitta na injunan Volkswagen

Ana gwada duk injunan da ƙungiyar Volkswagen ke ƙera a cibiyar gwajin da aka amince da ita Deutsches Institut für Normung. Raka'a suna da ingantaccen tsarin allura kai tsaye da kuma tsarin shaye-shaye mara muhalli. Kungiyar ta samu lambobin yabo na kirkire-kirkire da dama kan injinan ta.

An ƙera dukkan jiragen wuta bisa ga ƙa'idodin muhalli na Volkswagen

A cikin tarihinsa, damuwa ya yi ƙoƙari ya sa injin ya zama mai tattalin arziki. Sakamakon waɗannan binciken shine naúrar da ke cinye lita 3 na man fetur a cikin 100 km. Injin dizal mai silinda uku ne tare da ƙarar lita 1,2 tare da shingen aluminum, tsarin allura, injin turbocharger da sanyaya iska da aka kawo. Rage adadin silinda dan kadan ya shafi halayen motsin injin. Tare da ƙarancin amfani da mai, rukunin ya nuna ingantaccen ƙarfi saboda:

• rage nauyin injin;
• rage juzu'i tsakanin tuntuɓar nodes da sassa;
• haɓaka haɓakar konewa na cakuda iskar man fetur;
• zamanantar da tsarin allura tare da turbocharger mai fitar da iskar gas.

Iyalan injunan man fetur mai turbocharged sun kafa sabuwar alkibla ga kungiyar

Injin Volkswagen na farko

A cikin 1938, an ƙaddamar da VW Type 1, tare da injin F4 mai juyi mai juyi guda huɗu wanda aka ɗora a baya da sanyaya iska. Naúrar tana da girma na lita 1,131 da kuma damar 34 lita. Tare da A cikin tsarin juyin halitta, girman injin ya karu daga 1,2 zuwa 1,6 lita. Sabon samfurin shine cikakkiyar haɗin aiki, inganci da aminci. Saboda zane na carburetor, an lura da mafi kyawun ma'auni yayin ƙirƙirar cakuda mai ƙonewa. Injin mai lita 1,6 ya aza harsashin layin injinan dakon kaya da fasinja.

Ƙarfin samar da injin na Volkswagen a Kaluga yana ba da damar samar da injunan har zuwa 5000 a kowace shekara.

Takaddun bayanai na injunan Volkswagen

Daidaitaccen injin Volkswagen naúrar silinda ce guda huɗu tare da camshaft sama da sanyaya ruwa. Yawanci tubalin Silinda, kansa da pistons an yi su ne da gawa na aluminum, kuma crankshaft tare da bearings uku na goyan bayan ƙarfe na jabu.

Injin Volkswagen suna da ƙayyadaddun bayanai masu zuwa:

• man da ake cinyewa - man fetur ko man dizal;
• tsarin sanyaya - iska ko ruwa;
• nau'in tsari na Silinda - in-line, V-dimbin yawa ko VR;
• girma - daga 1 zuwa 5 l;
• ikon - daga 25 zuwa 420 lita. Tare da.;
• amfani da man fetur - daga 3 zuwa lita 10 a kowace kilomita 100;
• adadin cylinders - daga 3 zuwa 10;
• piston diamita - har zuwa 81 mm;
• yawan hawan aiki - 2 ko 4;
• nau'in kunnawa na cakuda - ƙonewa na walƙiya ko matsawa;
• adadin camshafts - 1, 2 ko 4;
• adadin bawuloli a cikin ɗakin konewa shine 2 ko 4.

Injin mai na TSI sune cikakkiyar haɗin aiki da tattalin arziki. Ko da a ƙananan saurin gudu, suna isar da madaidaicin juzu'i, kuma a hankali ƙera haɗin haɗin piston, turbocharging da allura kai tsaye suna ba da ko da isar da man fetur.

Injector mai yana sarrafa cakuda mai konewa a ƙarƙashin babban matsi

Injin gas na Volkswagen suna da alaƙa da:

• samuwar cakuda mai a cikin nau'in cin abinci ko kai tsaye a cikin ɗakin konewa;
• ƙonewa na cakuda daga tartsatsi;
• konewa iri ɗaya na cakuda;
• daidaitawa mai yawa na cakuda;
• ka'idodin bugun jini huɗu na aiki tare da juyi biyu na crankshaft tare da kusurwar 720 °.

Injin diesel na Volkswagen TDI tare da turbocharging da allurar mai kai tsaye suna da:

• ingancin farashi;
• babban ƙarfin motsa jiki;
• yawan aiki;
• amincin aiki.

Mafi kyawun danko na man dizal yana tabbatar da samuwar cakuda mai kyau a cikin ɗakin konewa

Aikin injin dizal na Volkswagen yana da abubuwan da ke biyo baya:

• samuwar cakuda man fetur da iska a cikin ɗakin konewa;
• kunna kai na man fetur daga iska mai zafi mai zafi;
• babban matsawa rabo;
• shiri mai inganci na cakuda;
• ka'idar aiki na injin bugun bugun jini guda hudu don juyi biyu na crankshaft.

Masu zanen kaya sun sami damar sanya injin mai girman gaske a cikin sashin injin

Amfanin injunan fetur na Volkswagen sune:

• ƙarancin nauyi-zuwa-ƙarfi rabo (kg/kW);
• fadi da kewayon amfani;
• mai kyau kuzari;
• maras tsada;
• duk-yanayi;
• sauƙi na kulawa.

Duk da haka, waɗannan raka'a kuma suna da rashin amfani. Da farko dai shi ne:

• in mun gwada da yawan man fetur;
• raunin rauni a ƙananan gudu;
• karuwa a cikin amfani lokacin da ake loda gidan;
• mai flammability.

Kashi uku cikin hudu na Volkswagen Jettas na 2013 suna sanye da injin turbodiesel mai lita XNUMX

Amfanin injunan diesel sun haɗa da:

• karancin man fetur;
• karfin juyi;
• rashin tartsatsi;
• mai kyau handling a low gudun;
• mai kyau handling a high gears.

Abubuwan da ke tattare da dizel sune:

• babban buƙatun don ingancin man fetur;
• yanayi na man fetur (matsalar farawa a yanayin sanyi);
• sabis mai tsada sosai;
• buƙatar tsananin riko da yawan canza mai da tacewa;
• babban farashi.

Injin Volkswagen don manyan motoci

Motoci masu ɗaukar nauyi yawanci ana sarrafa su da ƙananan gudu kuma suna buƙatar ƙarin ƙarfin injin. Mafi kyawun zaɓi a gare su shine injin dizal na roba tare da madaidaicin rabo na ƙarfinsa da nauyin mota. Mafi girma da elasticity na injin, saurin hanzari yana faruwa. Wannan lamari ne musamman a cikin birane, inda na'urorin diesel suka fi inganci fiye da na mai.

Injin Crafter na VW shine haɗuwa da amfani, aiki da tattalin arziki

Tsarin Silinda a cikin injunan Volkswagen

Dangane da wurin da silinda ke ciki, akwai:

• injunan layi;
• Injunan V-dimbin yawa;
• Injin VR.

Kowane nau'in yana da nasa amfani da rashin amfani.

injin layi

Injin fistan na al'ada shine jerin silinda da aka shirya ɗaya a bayan ɗayan. An fi sanya shi a kan motoci da manyan motoci kuma yawanci ya ƙunshi nau'i-nau'i hudu, wanda aka fara ƙidaya daga gefen tashi.

An fi shigar da injin silinda guda hudu akan motoci da manyan motoci.

A matsayin fa'idar injin bugun bugun jini huɗu tare da madaidaicin crankshaft mai tsayi mai tsayi, kyawawan kuzari da ƙarancin farashi yawanci ana lura dasu. Rashin hasara na wannan naúrar shine ƙara yawan buƙatun sararin samaniya a cikin injin injin, wanda ya zama dole don wurin toshe na silinda huɗu.

Injin V

Injin mai siffar V ya ƙunshi silinda da yawa a kusurwar juna. Ƙaƙwalwar kusurwa na iya kaiwa 180 °. Saboda wannan, ana iya sanya adadi mafi girma na cylinders a cikin iyakataccen sarari. Duk injunan da ke da silinda takwas ko fiye yawanci V-type ne (V6, V8 ko V12). Raka'o'in V4, idan aka kwatanta da takwarorinsu na cikin layi, suna da ingantacciyar ma'aunin nauyi-zuwa-ƙarfi, amma sun fi tsada don ƙira.

Injin mai siffa V ya ƙunshi nau'ikan silinda da yawa waɗanda ke a kusurwar juna

Idan aka kwatanta da injin in-line, injin V-injin ya fi ƙanƙanta da nauyi. Don haka, V12 ya ɗan fi tsayi fiye da injin in-line mai silinda shida. Rashin hasara shine mafi hadadden ƙirar sa, wasu matsalolin daidaitawa, babban matakin girgiza da buƙatar kwafin wasu nodes.

Bidiyo: 8-Silinda V-injin aiki

Injin mai motsi V8

Injin VR

Injin VR da aka haɓaka ta hanyar damuwa shine symbiosis na injin V-injin tare da ƙananan kusurwar camber (15°) da naúrar in-line. Silinda guda shida an jera su a kusurwar 15°. Wannan ya bambanta da injiniyoyin V na gargajiya, wanda wannan kusurwar ta kasance 60 ° ko 90 °. Pistons suna cikin toshe a cikin tsarin abin dubawa. Wannan zane yana ba ku damar haɗa nau'ikan injin V-dimbin yawa tare da ƙaramin nisa na injin in-line kuma yana adana sarari sosai a cikin injin injin.

Injin VR haɗe ne na injin V da injin in-line

Injin VR shima yana da illoli masu yawa:

• babban kusurwa na karkatar da sandunan haɗin kai yana haifar da manyan nauyin radial akan pistons;
• tsayin da ba daidai ba na tashoshi da shaye-shaye yana shafar isar da iskar gas da iskar gas;
• samar da shugaban Silinda yana da tsada sosai.

Halayen injunan Volkswagen AG

Damuwar Volkswagen tana samar da injinan mai da dizal.

Injin mai na Volkswagen

A cikin juyin halitta na Volkswagen man fetur injuna, da dama manyan model za a iya bambanta.

1. Saukewa: EA111. A karon farko, an shigar da injunan EA111 a tsakiyar shekarun 1970 akan motocin VW Polo. Sun kasance in-layi uku da silinda mai sanyaya ruwa injuna. An kora camshaft ɗin da bel mai haƙori daga crankshaft. Matsakaicin ramin yana sarrafa famfon mai da mai rarraba wuta. Injin EA111 an sanye su da VW Polo, VW Golf, VW Touran model.
   

   Ana amfani da injunan EA111 a cikin VW Polo, VW Golf da VW Touran
2. Saukewa: EA827. Serial samar na EA827 injuna fara a 1972. Rukunin Silinda huɗu da takwas suna da ingantaccen tsarin sanyaya ruwa kuma an sanya su akan VW Golf da VW Passat.
   

   Serial samar na EA827 injuna fara a 1972
3. Saukewa: EA113. An shigar da injunan EA113 a cikin motoci da yawa - daga Audi 80, Seat Leon, Škoda Octavia zuwa VW Golf da VW Jetta. Motoci na wannan jerin an ba su lambar yabo a gasar Injiniya ta Duniya ta Duniya.
4. Saukewa: EA211. Raka'a na wannan jerin EA211 gyare-gyare ne na injunan TSI masu silinda huɗu tare da turbocharging da allura kai tsaye. Idan aka kwatanta da sigogin da suka gabata, tsawon injin ya ragu da 50 mm. Nauyin injin alloy na aluminum shine kilogiram 97 don 1,2 TSI da 106 kg don 1,4 TSI. Don rage nauyi, ana shigar da pistons tare da lebur ƙasa. Naúrar tana da tsarin sanyaya mai kewayawa biyu. A cikin yanayin zafi mai zafi, injin yana sanyaya ta hanyar famfo mai sarrafa injin, yayin da ƙananan zafin jiki ya haɗa da intercooler da mahalli na turbocharger.
   
   

   Injin EA211 gyare-gyare ne na injin turbocharged mai ƙarfi huɗu na TSI.
5. Saukewa: EA888. Injin EA888 Silinda hudu tare da iko daga 151 zuwa 303 hp. Tare da yana da tsarin allura biyu, sanya injector, tubalan injin mai sirara, sake zagayowar iskar gas da sanyaya. Babu wutan wuta. Injin motar ra'ayi na Volkswagen Golf R400 tare da tsarin tuƙi mai ƙafafu da akwati mai sauri shida tare da ƙarar lita 2,0 yana da ƙarfin 400 hp. Tare da Har zuwa 100 km / h, irin wannan motar tana haɓaka a cikin 3,8 seconds.
   

   Yin amfani da siginar sarkar a cikin lokaci ya haɓaka rayuwar injin jerin EA888

Table: ƙayyadaddun injunan fetur na Volkswagen

Lambar	girma, cm3	Canji	wuta, kW	Arfi, hp daga.	Samfurin mota	Fara samarwa, shekara	Katsewa, shekara
1	1100	F4	18	25	rubuta 1	1947	1954
1	1200	F4	22	30	rubuta 1	1954	1960
1	1500	F4	31	42	rubuta 2	1963	1964
1	1500	F4	33	45	rubuta 3	1961	1965
1V	1600	I4	45	60	Gulf, Jetta	1989	1992
2H	1800	I4	73	98	Golf Mai Canzawa	1989	1993
ABS	1791	I4	66	90	Golf, Vento, Passat	1991	1994
ADR	1781	I4	92	125	Passat	1996	1999
ADX	1300	I4	41	55	Polo	1994	1995
AGZ	2324	V5	110	150	Golf, Bora, Passat	1997	2001
AJH	1781	I4T	110	150	Polo, Golf, Jetta, Passat	2001	2004
APQ	1400	I4	45	60	Polo, Golf, Wind	1995	1998
AWM	1781	I4T	125	170	Jetta, New Beetle, Passat	2002	2005
BA	5998	V12	309	420	Fatalwa	2002	-
BAR	4163	V8	257	349	Touareg	2006	-

A cikin tebur, an shirya injunan daidai da lambar haruffa. Injin VW Beetle da VW Transporter kafin 1965 ba su da lambar wasiƙa. An yi musu alama a cikin tebur tare da lambar 1.

Injin diesel na Volkswagen

Babban wakilan kamfanin dizal na Volkswagen dizal ne kamar haka raka'a.

1. Saukewa: EA188. Tsarin injin yana amfani da fasahar bawul biyu da famfon allura. Ana samun juzu'i tare da ƙarar 1,2 zuwa 4,9 tare da adadin silinda daga 3 zuwa 10. Waɗanda ke ƙasa da masu silinuma suna da a cikin layin ƙarfe.
   
   

   Don ramawa ga inertia maras so, injin yana sanye da ma'aunin ma'auni wanda sarkar ta ke motsawa daga crankshaft.

2. Saukewa: EA189. Injin wannan jerin sune silinda hudu (1,6-2,0 l) da silinda uku (1,2 l). Injin yana da injin turbocharger, tsarin sake zagayowar iskar iskar gas mai ƙarancin zafin jiki da kuma tacewar dizal. An sanye da nau'in nau'in abun da ake amfani da shi tare da filaye waɗanda ke ci gaba da daidaita kwararar iska mai shigowa. A ƙananan RPM, waɗannan dampers suna rufe, kuma lokacin da saurin injin ya karu zuwa 3000 RPM, suna buɗewa sosai.

   

   Ginin silinda an yi shi da aluminum kuma yana da camshafts guda biyu
3. Bayani na VW EA288. Injunan wannan jerin suna wakilta da nau'ikan silinda guda uku da huɗu. A cikin silinda guda uku, tubalin da kansa an yi shi da aluminum, kuma a cikin nau'i na hudu, an yi shi da baƙin ƙarfe. Kowane silinda yana da bawuloli huɗu. An ƙera injin ɗin tare da camshafts na sama biyu wanda bel mai haƙori ke tukawa. Don hanzarta dumama naúrar, tsarin sanyaya ya kasu kashi da yawa. Mai sanyaya yana wucewa ta kan silinda da mai sanyaya EGR.
4. Saukewa: EA898. A cikin 2016, damuwa ya fara shigar da injunan EA898-Silinda takwas tare da kusurwar Silinda na 90 ° akan yawan motocin. Naúrar da damar har zuwa 320 lita. Tare da yana da kwandon ƙarfe na simintin gyare-gyare, bawuloli huɗu a kowane silinda, camshafts huɗu, turbocharger gas mai sanyaya ruwa mai sanyaya da kuma canjin injin injin injin. A crankshaft gudun har zuwa 2200 rpm, turbocharger daya da kuma shaye bawul daya ta Silinda aiki, kuma yayin da juyi gudun karuwa, duk shaye bawuloli bude. Ana cajin turbocharger na biyu da iskar gas daga bututun shaye-shaye na biyu. Idan crankshaft ya fara juyawa da sauri fiye da 2700 rpm, duk bawuloli huɗu a cikin silinda zasu fara aiki.
   

   Injin silinda V-dimbin yawa takwas yana da girma na lita 3,956

Table: Volkswagen dizal injunan bayani dalla-dalla

Lambar	girma, cm3	Canji	wuta, kW	Arfi, hp daga.	Samfurin mota	Fara samarwa, shekara	Katsewa, shekara
1Z	1896	I4T	66	90	Polo, Golf, Sharan, Passat	1993	1997
AAB	2370	I5	57	77	Sufuri, Daidaitawa	1990	1998
AAZ	1896	I4T	55	75	Golf, Vento, Passat	1991	1998
AEF	1900	I4	48	64	Polo, Caddy	1994	1996
AFN	1896	I4T	81	110	Golf, Vento, Passat, Sharan	1995	1999
IGA	1896	I4T	66	90	Polo, Golf, Jetta	1999	2001
AHF	1896	I4T	81	110	Gulf, Jetta	1997	2006
AHH	1896	I4T	66	90	Passat	1996	2000
AJM	1896	I4T	85	116	Golf, Jetta, Passat	1998	2002
AJS	1896	I4T	230	313	Fatalwa	2002	2006
AKN	4921	Saukewa: V10T	110	150	Passat	1999	2003
FTA	2496	Saukewa: V6T	66	90	Polo, Jetta, Caddy	1997	1999
ALH	1896	I4T	66	90	Polo, Golf, Jetta, New Beetle	1997	2004
ARL	1896	I4T	110	150	Gulf, Jetta	2000	2006
HAU	1896	I4T	81	110	Polo, Golf, Jetta	1999	2006

Bidiyo: Aikin injin Volkswagen W8

Injin Volkswagen W8

Kamfanonin kera injuna don motocin Volkswagen

Ƙungiyar Volkswagen ita ce mafi girma a kera motoci a duniya. Adadin ma'aikata shine mutane dubu 370 da ke aiki a masana'antar 61 a cikin ƙasashen Turai 15, Arewa da Kudancin Amurka, Asiya da Afirka. Ana kera motoci har 26600 duk shekara kuma ana sayar da su a kasashe 150. Manyan cibiyoyin samar da wutar lantarki na Volkswagen sune:

1. Kamfanin Volkswagen a Chemnitz. Yana daga cikin Volkswagen Sachsen GmbH. Yana samar da injunan silinda guda huɗu da injunan dizal tare da allurar mai kai tsaye da abubuwan haɗin kai don sassan TSI. Yana samar da kusan injuna dubu 555 a shekara. Ana la'akari da ita cibiyar ƙwarewa don sabbin fasahohi. Ana ba da hankali sosai ga batutuwan rage yawan amfani da man fetur da kyautata muhalli na hayaki, tare da mai da hankali kan CO₂. Kamfanin yana ɗaukar ma'aikata kusan 1000.
   

   Masana fasaha daga masana'antar Chemnitz sun taka rawa wajen haɓaka fasahar dizal ɗin jirgin ƙasa gama gari
2. Kamfanin Volkswagen a Dresden. An ƙaddamar da shi a cikin Disamba 2001. Ya haɗa da yankin taron VW Phaeton tare da kayan alatu da aka yi da hannu. Ana kera kusan motoci 6000 a kowace shekara. Gane manufar haɗa isar da aikin hannu. Mai siye zai iya lura da ci gaban taron motar a cikin yankin samarwa na 55000 m². Motar da aka gama tana jiran mai ita a cikin hasumiya ta gilashi mai tsayin mita 40. Kamfanin yana daukar ma'aikata kusan 800.
   

   Dresden shuka ya haɗa da yankin taron VW Phaeton tare da kayan alatu da aka kera da hannu
3. Kamfanin Volkswagen a Salzgitter. Ita ce babbar masana'antar injina a duniya. Kullum a kan wani yanki na 2,8 miliyan m² har zuwa 7 man fetur da dizal injuna aka harhada a 370 bambance-bambancen karatu na VW, Audi, Seat, Škoda da Porsche Cayenne. Ya shahara ga samfurin naúrar wutar lantarki na silinda goma sha shida tare da damar lita 1000. Tare da ga Bugatti Veyron. Bugu da ƙari, yana samar da kayan aikin injin don sauran masana'antu. An saki injin miliyan 50 kwanan nan (ya zama rukunin TDI na jerin EA288 don sabon VW Golf). Kamfanin yana daukar ma'aikata kusan 6000.
   

   Kamfanin Volkswagen da ke Salzgitter shine mafi girman injina a duniya.
4. Kamfanin Volkswagen a Kaluga. Yana cikin wurin shakatawa na fasaha na Grabzevo a Kaluga. Ita ce cibiyar samar da Volkswagen a Rasha. Shuka tare da yanki na 30 dubu m² yana ba da injuna ga duk motocin Volkswagen na Rasha da aka haɗa. A samar iya aiki ne 150 dubu injuna a kowace shekara. A cikin 2016, samar da shuka ya kai kusan kashi 30% na yawan adadin motoci a Rasha tare da injunan gida.
   

   Kamfanin da ke Kaluga yana samar da injuna ga dukkan motocin Volkswagen da Rasha ta hada

Injin kwangila

Kowane injin yana da iyakacin rayuwar sabis. Bayan wannan albarkatun, mai motar na iya:

• yin babban gyara na injin na asali;
• saya ƙarƙashin kwangila a Turai ko Amurka kuma shigar da injin da aka yi amfani da shi.

Motar kwangilar ta cika cika buƙatun fasaha, rukunin aiki ne da aka wargaje daga irin wannan mota.

An gwada duk injunan kwangila kafin siyarwa. Masu samarwa galibi suna daidaita duk tsarin, suna yin gwajin gwaji kuma suna ba da garantin aiki mara matsala da tsawon rayuwar sabis. Baya ga injunan kwangila, ana haɗa takaddun fasaha, haɗe-haɗe da abubuwan hawa.

Gyaran injin mota ba koyaushe yana da kyau ba. Musamman idan wannan samfurin ya riga ya ƙare.

Don haka, wani sanannen aboki ya mallaki ainihin Volkswagen Golf 1.4 tare da watsawar hannu a 1994. An yi amfani da na'urar a duk shekara kuma a kowace dama. Wani lokaci, ɗorawa zuwa iyaka. Tsohuwar mota da kyar ta wuce tashe da injin ba sabon sabo bane. Na'urar, ko da yake m, amma quite daki. A cikin shekaru biyar na mallakar mallaka ya canza kwandon kama da sakin saki. bel na lokaci da rollers ana gane su azaman abin amfani. An shirya canza pistons da yin babban gyara na injin saboda amfani da mai, da ƙarancin turawa. Amma a daya daga cikin tafiye-tafiyen, bai kula da yanayin zafi ba kuma ya zazzage injin don ya motsa kansa. Gyaran da aka yi ya kai kusan kashi 80 na kudin motar. Wannan babban farashi ne ga motar da aka yi amfani da ita, ba ƙidayar lokacin da aka kashe don gyaran gyare-gyare ba, neman sassa na asali ko analogues iri ɗaya. Sa'an nan kuma ba mu da masaniya game da yiwuwar maye gurbin injin tare da cikakken saiti. Yanzu ma ba za su yi tunani a kai ba.

Fa'idodin injin da aka saya a ƙarƙashin kwangilar sune:

• ingancin masana'anta;
• aiki akan man fetur mai inganci;
• ƙananan lalacewa;
• manyan albarkatun aiki;
• amfani da man shafawa mai inganci;
• halin kulawa daga tsoffin masu mallakar;
• tsananin kiyaye ka'idojin kulawa;
• sabis na dila;
• low cost idan aka kwatanta da sabon naúrar.

Illolin irin wadannan injuna sun hada da:

• babban nisan miloli na motocin kasashen waje;
• rashin iya duba rayuwar sabis;
• rashin garantin cewa tsohon mai shi zai bi shawarwarin masana'anta.

Kada ku sayi na'urar wutar lantarki da ta wuce shekaru bakwai. Wannan gaskiya ne ga injunan diesel.

Rayuwar injin Volkswagen da garantin masana'anta

Ƙayyade matakin lalacewar injin yana da wahala sosai, tunda ya dogara da:

• albarkatun da masana'anta suka tsara;
• yanayin aiki;
• lodin abin hawa;
• salon tuki.

Volkswagen yana ba da garantin cewa kowane bangare da hadawar motar sun cika ka'idoji. Wannan garantin yana aiki na shekara ɗaya ko kilomita 20 (duk wanda ya fara farawa) daga ranar siyan sayayya na sassa ɗaya da shekaru 4 ko 100 km ga duka abin hawa.

Rashin kulawar da ya dace ga injin zai kara saurin lalacewa.

Tsarin abin dogara ba ya haifar da matsala tare da ƙãra lalacewa na sassa tare da maye gurbin man fetur na yau da kullum.

Garanti yana ƙarewa a lokuta da:

• rashin amfani;
• sakaci a lokacin aiki;
• canji da gyare-gyare na sassa da majalisai;
• gyare-gyaren da ba daidai ba;
• daidaitattun daidaitattun nodes na kowane mutum;
• lalacewa da gangan ga sassa;
• yin amfani da sassa da abubuwan amfani waɗanda ba su dace da wannan ƙirar ba;
• amfani da ababen hawa don gasa da dalilai na waje;
• rashin yarda da shawarwarin tazarar sabis da buƙatun aiki;
• karo da abubuwa;
• barna da wasu;
• lalacewar muhalli;
• ambaliya;
• hadurra;
• wuta.

Nasihu na aiki

Lokacin siyan sabuwar mota don tsawaita rayuwar injin, masana suna ba da shawarar kula da waɗannan abubuwan:

1. Bai kamata a yi tafiyar kilomita dubu na farko akan sabuwar mota da sauri ba. Gudun crankshaft kada ya wuce 75% na matsakaicin yuwuwar ƙimar. In ba haka ba, amfani da mai zai karu kuma za a fara sawa na ciki na silinda. Wannan zai iya rage yawan albarkatun wutar lantarki.
2. Yakamata a dumama injin kafin tuki. Wannan yanayin yana da mahimmanci musamman ga injin turbo da injunan diesel.
3. A cikin sabbin injunan diesel, yakamata a duba matakin mai a kowane mai mai.
4. Dole ne a kiyaye tazarar kulawar injin da Volkswagen ya ba da shawarar.

Binciken kansa na injin

A cikin motar zamani, sashin kula da injin yana sarrafa ayyukan firikwensin da manyan abubuwan da aka gyara. Ana nuna rashin aiki mai yiwuwa ta fitilun sigina a cikin tarin kayan aiki - alal misali, mai nuna Injin Duba. Bugu da ƙari, ta hanyar daidaitaccen tashar tashar OBD-II, zaku iya haɗa kayan aikin bincike kuma ku sami cikakkun bayanai game da aiki na tsarin kowane mutum ta hanyar karanta lambobin kuskure.

Binciken kai yana ba ka damar guje wa ƙarin farashi lokacin ziyartar sabis na mota

Rayuwa a cikin karkara, ba koyaushe kuna da lokaci da damar ziyartar cibiyar sabis ba. Amma kada ku jure da rashin aiki, saboda a lokacin za a sami ƙarin matsaloli. Don haka, na'urar daukar hoto ta taimaka mani wajen gano na'urar firikwensin buga mara kyau tare da lambar P0326 "Signal out of range". Bugu da kari, adaftan ya taimaka wajen gano wani yanki na matsala da kansa tare da goge gogen janareta ya kusan lalacewa. An sanar da lambar P0562 game da ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki na cibiyar sadarwar kan-jirgin. Maganin matsalar shine maye gurbin "kwal ɗin kwamfutar" da sabon kwafi. Yin amfani da na'urar daukar hotan takardu har ma a cikin yanayin karatun kuskure ya sa ya yiwu a dawo da ainihin yanayin sassan maɓallin injin. Kuma wani lokacin ya isa sake saita kurakuran tsarin na kwamfutar da ke kan jirgin lokacin da aka gano matsala don a kwantar da hankali a kan hanya.

Mabukata kayan aikin bincike

Don bincikar kwamfuta kuna buƙatar:

• na'urar ganowa daidai da tsarin lantarki na abin hawa;
• kwamfuta ko wayowin komai da ruwanka don ɓata bayanan da aka karɓa.

Ta hanyar daidaitaccen tashar jiragen ruwa na OBD-II, zaku iya haɗa adaftar bincike kuma ku sami cikakkun bayanai game da aikin ɗayan abubuwan abin hawa.

Shirya matsala algorithm don adaftar bincike na OBD-II

1. Haɗa adaftar tare da kashe motar.
2. Saka na'urar daukar hotan takardu a cikin tashar OBD-2.
   
   

   Ta hanyar daidaitaccen mai haɗawa, zaku iya haɗa na'urorin dubawa iri-iri
3. Kunna wuta. Na'urar daukar hotan takardu da aka haɗa za ta kunna ta atomatik.
   

   Tare da ɗimbin ayyuka na adafta, damar gano ɓoyayyun kuskuren suna faɗaɗa
4. Nemo na'urar dubawa akan kwamfuta ko wayar hannu - za'a bayyana shi azaman daidaitaccen haɗin tashar tashar COM ko na'urar bluetooth.
   

   Shirin zai baiwa duk mai mota damar fahimtar musabbabin gazawar injin

Tsarin sanyaya injin Volkswagen

Santsin aiki na injunan Volkswagen an fi kayyade inganci da amincin tsarin sanyaya, wanda shine rufaffiyar da'ira mai haɗa na'urar wutar lantarki, radiator da bututun mai. Coolant (sanyi) yana yawo ta cikin wannan kewaye. Ana sanyaya ruwan zafi a cikin radiyo. Tushen sanyaya shine ethylene glycol, wanda ke da ƙarfi akan kewayon zafin jiki mai faɗi. Mai sana'anta ya ba da shawarar amfani da wasu nau'ikan sanyaya kawai.

Mai sanyaya injin yawanci launi ne don haka duk wani ɗigogi yana da sauƙin hange.

Na'urar sanyaya injin wani rufaffiyar da'ira ne ta hanyar da ake watsa maganin daskarewa ta tilas: 1 - radiator; 2 - famfo; 3 - fan; 4 - thermostat; 5 - hita na ciki; 6 - bawul mai zafi na gida; 7 - inji; 8 - alkiblar iska

Ruwan famfo na ruwa yana ba da tilastawa wurare dabam-dabam na sanyaya ta hanyar da'irar sanyaya kuma bel yana motsa shi. Bututun injin sanyaya injin Volkswagen sun kunshi hoses, radiator da tankin fadadawa. Na'urorin sarrafa zafin jiki sun haɗa da na'urori masu auna firikwensin, ma'aunin zafi da sanyio, radiator da hular tankin faɗaɗa da fanfo. Duk waɗannan abubuwan suna aiki ba tare da na'urar wutar lantarki ba. Kula da zafin jiki yana ba ku damar daidaita aikin injin da abun da ke tattare da iskar gas.

Tsarin sanyaya ya lalace

Yawancin matsalolin tsarin sanyaya suna faruwa ne sakamakon rashin kula da abubuwan da suka dace da kuma maye gurbin mai sanyaya ba tare da bata lokaci ba. Radiator da bututu suna ƙarƙashin sawa, yana rage ingancin sanyaya.

Babban alamun rashin aiki sune ƙananan tabo na sanyaya a ƙarƙashin motar bayan yin parking na dare da ƙamshin sanyi lokacin tuƙi.

Mafi yawan matsalolin tsarin sanyaya sune:

• low coolant matakin, kai ga bayyanar da iska aljihu, overheating da kuma kara lalata da fallasa karfe saman;
• yin amfani da ƙarancin sanyaya mai ƙarancin inganci ko nau'in da masana'anta ba su ba da shawarar ba;
• yabo ko toshewar tankin radiator da fadadawa;
• ruwan da ya rage a cikin tsarin bayan zubar da shi;
• lalacewa ga bel ɗin motar famfo na ruwa;
• ruwan sanyi.

Ta hanyar yanayin yaduwar ruwa, zaka iya ƙayyade wurin da ya zubar

Kada ku yi wasa da tsarin sanyaya, don haka ya kamata ku duba matakin ruwa lokaci-lokaci.

Idan injin ya yi zafi sosai, kan Silinda na iya zama naƙasasshe kuma tasirin gasket ɗin rufewa zai ragu.

Matsalar-harbi

Kuna iya kiyaye tsarin sanyaya cikin tsari mai kyau ta hanyar bin waɗannan matakai masu sauƙi:

• duban yau da kullun na tsarin don leaks na sanyaya;
• kula da abun da ke ciki na coolant, ban da ruwa shiga cikin tsarin;
• cikakken zubar da tsarin bayan zubar da tsohon mai sanyaya;
• lokaci-lokaci tsaftacewa na radiator daga ganye, tarkace da datti;
• lokaci-lokaci duba tashin hankali da yanayin famfo drive bel.

Bidiyo: gyara ruwan sanyi akan VW Jetta

VW Jetta Coolant Leak Gyaran

Rigakafin tsarin sanyaya ya ƙunshi ayyuka masu zuwa:

• tsaftacewa na lokaci-lokaci na sashin injin;
• maye gurbin coolant kowane shekaru biyar;
• maye gurbin hoses kowane shekaru biyu;
• maye gurbin thermostat a babban zafin injin;
• daidaitawar tashin hankali da maye gurbin bel na famfo na ruwa a kan lokaci;
• maye gurbin famfo a farkon alamun rashin aiki;
• dubawa da maye gurbin fanka mai sanyaya da firikwensin zafin jiki tare da raguwar zafin injin.

Babu shakka, ba tare da matsala ba na tsarin sanyaya yana yiwuwa ne kawai tare da daidaitaccen aiki na sauran tsarin da abubuwan motocin Volkswagen.

Saboda haka, kewayon injuna na Volkswagen damuwa ne quite fadi. Kowane mai yuwuwar mai motar zai iya zaɓar naúrar wutar lantarki daidai da burinsu, damar kuɗi da yanayin aikin abin hawa.