Tsarin man shafawa tare da ramin bushe

Duk wani injin konewa na ciki yana buƙatar ingantaccen tsarin mai. Wannan buƙatar tana faruwa ne saboda ci gaba da aiki na ɓangarorin naúrar a ƙarƙashin yanayin ƙaruwa na inji (alal misali, yayin da injin ke gudana, crankshaft yana juyawa gaba ɗaya, kuma piston ɗin a cikin silinda suke rama). Ta yadda sassan da ke shafawa juna ba su tsufa ba, suna buƙatar shafa mai. Man injin yana ƙirƙirar fim mai kariya, don kada saman ya haɗu da juna kai tsaye (don ƙarin bayani game da kaddarorin injin injin da yadda za a zaɓi wanda ya dace don injin ƙone motar motarka, karanta daban).

Duk da kasancewar fim ɗin mai wanda ke hana ɓarkewar ɓarke ​​na sassan injina, ana ci gaba da sawa a kansu. A sakamakon haka, ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙarfe suna bayyana. Idan sun kasance a saman ɓangaren, ƙirar da ke kan ta za ta ƙaru, kuma mai motar dole ne ya sanya motar don babban garambawul. A saboda wannan dalili, yana da mahimmanci cewa akwai wadataccen mai na mai a cikin ramin, tare da taimakon abin da duk abubuwan da ke cikin rukunin wutar suke da wadatar mai. Ana zubar da shara a cikin ramin kuma ya kasance a ciki har sai an cire shi ta shara ko zubar dashi bayan cire ramin.

Baya ga kaddarorin sa mai, man yana aiki azaman ƙarin aikin sanyaya. Tunda akwai konewa na cakuda-mai a cikin silinda, duk bangarorin sashin suna fuskantar tsananin matsi na zafin jiki (zafin jikin matsakaici a cikin silinda ya tashi zuwa digiri 1000 ko sama da haka). Na'urar injin din ta hada da adadi mai yawa na sassan da ke bukatar sanyaya, amma saboda gaskiyar cewa ba su da wata alaka da tsarin sanyaya, suna fama da karancin canjin zafi. Misalan waɗannan sassan su ne piston ɗin kansu, haɗa sandunan, da dai sauransu.

Don kiyaye waɗannan sassan su zama masu sanyi kuma su sami adadin man shafawa daidai, abin hawa yana sanye da tsarin man shafawa. Bugu da ƙari ga ƙirar gargajiya, wanda aka bayyana a cikin wani bita, akwai kuma fasalin busasshen bushewa.

Yi la'akari da yadda ramin bushewa ya banbanta da rami mai ɗumi, akan wace ƙa'idar tsarin ke aiki, da abin da ke da fa'ida da rashin amfani.

Menene man shafawa mai bushewa?

Ba tare da la'akari da sauye-sauyen tsarin shafawa ba, ka'idar aiki daidai take a gare su. Fanfon yana tsotse cikin mai daga matattarar ruwa kuma, a matsin lamba, yana ciyar da shi ta layin mai zuwa abubuwan injunan kowane mutum. Wasu sassan suna cikin ma'amala tare da man shafawa, wasu kuma ana shayar dasu sosai tare da hazo mai wanda aka kirkira sakamakon aikin aiki na hanyar kirji (don cikakken bayani kan yadda yake aiki, karanta a nan).

A cikin tsarin gargajiya, mai mai yana gudana ta dabi'a zuwa cikin ramin da yake inda famfon mai yake. Yana tabbatar da motsi na mai ta hanyoyin da suka dace. Irin wannan tsarin ana kiran shi sump wet. Analog ɗin busassun yana nufin tsarin iri ɗaya ne, kawai yana da wani tafki daban (ba shi a mafi ƙanƙantar ɓangaren ba, amma ya fi girma), inda babban famfo zai fitar da mai, da ƙarin famfo mai. Ana buƙatar famfo na biyu don ɗora man shafawa zuwa sassan injin.

A irin wannan tsarin, adadin adadin ruwan mai na shafawa shima zai kasance a cikin ramin. Yana da yanayin bushewa. Kawai dai a wannan yanayin, ba a amfani da pallet don adana yawan man. Akwai wurin ajiye ruwa daban don wannan.

Duk da cewa tsarin tsarin lubrication na gargajiya ya tabbatar da cewa ya kasance mai tsada mai tsada da kuma matukar dogaro da aiki, ba tare da cutarwa ba. Misali na wannan pallet ne da aka huda lokacin da mota ta shawo kan filin da yake kan hanya kuma ta buga dutse mai kaifi. La'akari da waɗanne yanayi ne tsarin ramin bushe yake da amfani.

Me ake amfani da tsarin ramin bushewa?

Mafi yawanci, motar motsa jiki, wasu nau'ikan kayan aiki na musamman da wasu SUVs za'a tanada su da irin wannan tsarin mai na injin mai. Idan mukayi magana akan SUVs, to a bayyane yake me yasa tankin mai don injin konewa na ciki baya a mafi ƙarancin motar. Wannan yana da mahimmanci a lokacin da ake tafiya, lokacin da direba ba ya ganin duwatsu masu kaifi a ƙarƙashin ruwa ko lokacin shawo kan ƙasa mai wuyar sha'ani da saman dutse.

Me game motocin motsa jiki? Me yasa motar motsa jiki take buƙatar busasshen rami idan tana ci gaba koyaushe akan shimfidar ƙasa daidai? A zahiri, a cikin sauri mai sauri, koda ƙananan canje-canje a yanayin ana iya cike su da walƙiya mai yawa daga ƙarƙashin motar saboda dutsen da ke makale akan hanyar. Lokacin da direba ya taka birki sosai kafin ya shiga juyowa, motar tana lanƙwasa gaba, wanda ke rage izinin ƙasa zuwa matakai masu mahimmanci.

Amma har ma wannan ba shine mafi mahimmanci ga motar motsa jiki ba. Lokacin da crankshaft ke aiki a mafi saurin gudu, a cikin fasali na yau da kullun na tsarin shafawa, akasarin man shafawa ana yi masa bulala a cikin hazo mai kuma ana kawo shi zuwa ɓangarori daban-daban na rukunin wutar. A dabi'a, matakin man shafawa a cikin tafki ya ragu sosai.

A ƙarƙashin yanayi na yau da kullun, famfon mai na iya fitar da mai da ƙirƙirar matsin da ake buƙata don aiki da injunan. Koyaya, hanyar motsa jiki ta tuƙi koyaushe ana haɗuwa da gaskiyar cewa man shafawa da ya rage a cikin ramin ya fantsama saboda yawan jujjuyawar motar. A wannan yanayin, famfon ba zai iya aiki da kyau ba kuma baya shan tsotsa mai yawa.

Saboda haɗuwa da duk waɗannan abubuwan, injin na iya fuskantar yunwar mai. Tunda sassa masu motsi ba sa karɓar adadin man shafawa da ya dace, ana cire fim mai kariya a kansu da sauri, yana haifar da gogayya bushe. Bugu da kari, wasu abubuwa ba su samun isasshen sanyaya. Duk wannan yana rage rayuwar aiki na injin ƙone ciki.

Don kawar da duk waɗannan mummunan sakamakon, injiniyoyin sun haɓaka tsarin ramin bushewa. Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, ƙirarta ta ɗan bambanta da daidaitaccen sigar.

Ka'idar aiki da na'urar "busasshen zube"

Man don sassan injunan injin mai a cikin irin wannan tsarin yana cikin tafki, daga inda ake fitar da shi ta famfo mai matsa lamba. Dogaro da na'urar, man shafawa na iya shigar da gidan ruwa mai sanyaya ko kai tsaye cikin motar ta hanyoyin da aka tanada don wannan.

Bayan rabon ya gama aikinsa (ya shafa wa sassan, ya share kuran karfe daga gare su, idan ya samu, ya cire wutar), sai a tattara shi a cikin kwanon rufin karkashin karfin karfin nauyi. Daga nan, nan take wani famfo ya tsotsi ruwan kuma ya shayar dashi cikin tafkin. Don hana ƙananan ƙwayoyin da aka wanke a cikin ramin daga dawowa cikin injin, a wannan matakin ana riƙe su a cikin matatar mai. A wasu gyare-gyare, man yana wucewa ta radiator, wanda a ciki yake sanyaya, kamar daskarewa a cikin CO.

A wannan matakin, ana rufe madauki. Dogaro da ƙirar tsarin, ƙila za a sami wasu kayayyaki masu tsotsa a ciki, wanda ke hanzarta tattara man cikin tanki. Don daidaita man shafawa na naúrar, yawancin motocin busassun busassun suna da ƙarin kayan aiki. Bari muyi cikakken duba kan yadda tsarin shafa mai yake, da kuma irin aikin da kowane bangare yake aiwatarwa a ciki.

Injin busasshen injin

A cikin motocin zamani, ana iya amfani da sauye-sauye daban-daban na man shafawa na busassun sump engine. Ba tare da la'akari ba, mahimman abubuwan su sune:

• Arin tafki don man shafawa;
• Wani famfo wanda ke haifar da kai a layin;
• Wani famfo wanda yake fitar da mai daga cikin ramin (daidai yake da irin sigar da aka saba da ita a jika).
• Gidan radiyo wanda mai ke wucewa, yana motsawa daga ramin zuwa tanki;
• Na'urar haska yanayin zafi mai shafawa;
• Wani firikwensin da ke rikodin matsin mai a cikin tsarin;
• Sauna;
• Matatar mai kama da wacce aka yi amfani da ita cikin tsarin gargajiya;
• Ragewa da kewaye bawul (ya dogara da ƙirar tsarin, lambar su na iya bambanta).

Reserarin tafkin mai na iya zama na siffofi daban-daban. Duk ya dogara da yadda aka tsara ɓangaren injin a cikin samfurin mota na musamman. Yawancin tankuna suna da ɓarna da yawa a ciki. Ana buƙatar su don kwantar da man shafawa yayin abin hawa yana tafiya, kuma baya yin kumfa.

Yayin aiki, famfon mai, tare da man shafawa, wani ɓangare yana tsotsewa cikin iska. Don hana matsi a cikin layin, akwai ƙwanƙwasa a cikin tanki wanda ke da maƙasudin ma'amala da ramin crankcase.

Hakanan yana da firikwensin zafin jiki da firikwensin matsa lamba a cikin layi. Domin direba ya lura da rashin man shafawa a cikin lokaci, akwai matsi a cikin tanki wanda za'a bincika matakin a cikin tankin.

Amfanin ƙarin tafkin shi ne cewa mai kera motoci zai iya tsara ɓangaren injiniya a yadda yake so. Wannan yana ba da damar rarraba dukkan hanyoyin don inganta sarrafawa a cikin motocin motsa jiki. Ari ga haka, ana iya sanya tanki a cikin sashin injin don a hura man shafawa a ciki yayin tuƙi, kuma an ba da ƙarin sanyaya.

Pampogin isar da mai yawanci galibi yana ƙasa da tankin mai. Wannan hanyar shigarwar ta sa aikin sa ya dan samu sauki, tunda ba lallai ne ya kashe kuzari don fitar da ruwan ba - yana shiga cikin ramin sa a karkashin tasirin nauyi. Ana buƙatar bawul na rage matsa lamba da bawul kewayewa a cikin tsarin don sarrafa mataccen mai.

Matsayin famfon kwashewa daidai yake da irin wannan aikin wanda aka girka a kowane tsarin shafawa na injin ƙone ciki na 4-bugun ciki (don bambance-bambance tsakanin injina huɗu da injina biyu, karanta a nan). Akwai gyare-gyare da yawa na irin waɗannan masu busawa, kuma a ƙirar su sun bambanta da famfunan da aka sanya don ƙarin tankin mai.

Dogaro da ƙirar motar, ƙila akwai samfuran famfo da yawa. Misali, a naúrar da ke da fasalin Silinda mai fasali na V, babban famfo yana da ƙarin mashiga wanda ke tattara mai mai amfani daga tsarin rarraba gas... Kuma idan injin ɗin yana sanye da turbocharger, to za a saka ƙarin ɓangaren yin famfon a kusa da shi.

Wannan zane yana hanzarta tara maiko a babban tafki. Idan za ta malalo ta yanayi, akwai yiwuwar cewa matakin da ke cikin matattarar zai yi kasa sosai kuma injin din ba zai samu isasshen mai ba.

Aikin samar da fanfunan fanfo an haɗa shi da crankshaft. Yayin da yake juyawa, masu busa suma suna aiki. Akwai, amma da ƙyar isa, gyare-gyaren da ke aiki daga camshaft. Ana jujjuya karfin jujjuya daga crankshaft zuwa injin famfo ko dai ta hanyar ɗamara ko ta hanyar sarkar.

A cikin wannan ƙirar, yana yiwuwa a shigar da adadin ƙarin sassan da ake buƙata waɗanda za su yi aiki daga ƙira ɗaya. Amfanin wannan tsari shine cewa idan aka sami matsala, ana iya wargaza famfo daga motar ba tare da tsangwama ga ƙirar naúrar kanta ba.

Kodayake famfon magudanar yana da ƙa'idar aiki iri ɗaya da zane kamar takwaran ta na ruwa, an gyara ta yadda aikinta ba zai ɓace ba, koda kuwa tana tsotse cikin mai mai iska ko kuma wani sashi na iska.

Abu na gaba wanda babu shi a cikin tsarin sump wet shine radiator. Aikinta daidai yake da na mai musayar zafi na tsarin sanyaya. Hakanan yana da irin wannan zane. Kara karantawa game da wannan. a cikin wani bita... Ainihin, an shigar dashi tsakanin famfon mai mai allura da injin ƙonewa na ciki, amma kuma akwai zaɓuɓɓukan shigarwa tsakanin famfon kwashewa da tanki.

Ana buƙatar thermostat a cikin tsarin lubrication don hana shi yin sanyi da wuri lokacin da injin ya warke. Tsarin sanyaya yana da irin wannan ƙa'idar, wanda aka bayyana dalla-dalla. a nan... A takaice, yayin da injin konewa na ciki ke dumi (musamman a lokacin sanyi), man da ke ciki ya fi kauri. A dalilin wannan, baya buƙatar sanyaya shi domin ya gudana kuma don inganta man shafawa na naúrar.

Da zaran matsakaicin aiki ya kai zafin da ake buƙata (zaku iya gano game da me zafin jikin aiki ya kamata ya kasance daga wani labarin), thermostat ya buɗe kuma mai yana gudana ta cikin radiator don sanyaya. Wannan yana tabbatar da yaduwar zafi daga sassa masu zafi waɗanda basa cikin haɗuwa da jaket ɗin sanyaya na motar.

Ribobi da fursunoni na tsarin busassun busassun

Fa'ida ta farko ta tsarin busassun busassun ruwa ita ce samar da man shafawa mai inganci, ba tare da la'akari da yanayin tuki na abin hawa ba. Ko da abin hawan ya ci nasara mai tsayi, motar ba za ta fuskanci yunwar mai ba. Tunda lokacin tuƙi mai tsauri yana da yuwuwar motar zata zafafa, wannan gyaran yana samar da mafi sanyaya naúrar. Wannan lamarin yana da mahimmanci ga ICE sanye take da injin turbin (don cikakkun bayanai kan na'urar da kuma tsarin aikin wannan na'urar, karanta daban).

Saboda gaskiyar cewa ba a adana mai a cikin rami, amma a cikin wani tafki daban, ƙirar mai karɓar mai ta fi ƙanƙanci, godiya ga abin da masu zanen ke sarrafawa don rage izinin motar wasanni. Bottomasa a cikin irin waɗannan motocin galibi galibi ne, wanda ke da tasiri mai tasiri a kan yanayin yanayin sufuri (abin da ya shafi wannan sigar an bayyana shi a nan).

Idan aka huda hujin yayin hawa, maiko ba zai zube daga ciki ba, kamar yadda yake a yanayin tsarin kayan shafawa na gargajiya. Wannan yana ba da fa'ida a cikin gyaran gaggawa a kan hanya, musamman idan SUV ta sha wahala irin wannan nesa sosai daga kantin kayan motoci mafi kusa.

Ari na gaba na ramin bushe shi ne cewa yana sa aikin ƙungiyar wutar kanta kanta ɗan sauƙi. Don haka, lokacin da motar ta jima tana tsaye cikin sanyi, mai a cikin tankin ya yi kauri. A lokacin da za'a fara amfani da naúrar wuta tare da tsarin shafa mai na zamani, ana buƙatar crankshaft ya shawo kan ba kawai juriya a cikin silinda ba akan bugun matsewa (lokacin da injin ke gudana, wannan ƙarfin yana taimakawa sauƙaƙe ta ƙarfin rashin ƙarfi), amma kuma juriya mai kauri (crankshaft a wannan yanayin yana cikin wanka mai). A cikin ramin bushewa, an kawar da wannan matsalar, tunda duk man shafawa daban yake da crankshaft, wanda ke sa injin ya fara sauri.

Yayin juyawa, crankshaft baya aiki a cikin tsarin shafawa kamar mahautsini. Godiya ga wannan, man ba ya kumfa kuma baya rasa ƙarfi. Wannan yana ba da fim mafi kyau akan saman abokan hulɗa na ɓangarorin naúrar.

A cikin ramin bushewa, mai mai ƙarancin ma'amala da iskar gas. Saboda wannan, an rage yawan saurin haɓakaccen abu, wanda ke haɓaka albarkatun abu. Particlesananan barbashi ba su da lokaci don daidaitawa a cikin kwanon mai, amma ana cire su nan da nan zuwa tata.

Tunda ana shigar da fanfunan mai a mafi yawancin gyare-gyaren tsarin a wajan naúrar, a yayin lalacewar, babu buƙatar warwatse injin ƙone ciki don aiwatar da hanyoyin da suka dace. Waɗannan dalilai suna ba mu damar kammala cewa naúrar tare da nau'in busassun nau'in katako ya fi aminci da inganci idan aka kwatanta da analog ɗin gargajiya.

Duk da irin waɗannan kyawawan fannoni masu kyau, tsarin busassun busassun yana da ƙananan rashin amfani. Anan akwai manyan:

• Da fari dai, saboda kasancewar ƙarin kayan aiki da sassan, kiyaye tsarin zai kasance mafi tsada. A wasu lokuta, mawuyacin gyaran yana da alaƙa da aikin lantarki (akwai nau'ikan da keɓaɓɓen mai sarrafawa ke sanya man shafawa a naúrar).
• Abu na biyu, idan aka kwatanta da tsarin gargajiya, wannan gyare-gyaren yana buƙatar adadin mai mai yawa a cikin motar mai girma da zane iri ɗaya. Wannan shi ne saboda kasancewar ƙarin hanyoyin abubuwa da abubuwa, wanda yafi ƙarfinsu shine radiator. Hakanan yana rinjayar nauyin motar.
• Abu na uku, farashin injin busassun bushe ya fi na takwaransa na yau da kullun yawa.

A cikin motocin samarwa na yau da kullun, yin amfani da tsarin bututun busassun ba shi da ma'ana. Ba a aiki da irin waɗannan motocin har ma a cikin yanayi masu tsada, wanda za a iya tantance tasirin wannan ci gaban. Ya fi dacewa da motocin tsere na motsa jiki, tseren kewaya irin su NASCAR da sauran nau'ikan motorsport. Idan akwai muradin dan inganta halayen abin hawan ku, to girka tsarin busassun bushewa ba zai bayar da sakamako mai kyau ba tare da ingantaccen zamani ga yanayin aiki mai tsauri. A wannan yanayin, zaku iya iyakance kanku zuwa kunna guntu, amma wannan batun ne don wani labarin.

Bugu da kari, ga wadanda suke da shaawar batun gyaran atomatik, muna ba da shawarar kallon wannan bidiyon, wanda ke tattaunawa dalla-dalla kan tsarin busassun busasshe da wasu dabaru masu hade da girke shi:

Bushe Carter! Ta yaya, me yasa, kuma me yasa?

Tambayoyi & Amsa:

Menene ma'anar bushewa? Wannan wani nau'i ne na tsarin lubrication na inji wanda ke da tafki daban wanda ke adana man inji. Yawancin motocin zamani suna sanye da tsarin jika.

Menene busasshen sump ga? An ƙera tsarin busasshen sump ɗin ne da farko don motocin da ke tafiya a kan tudu masu tudu. A cikin irin wannan tsarin, motar koyaushe tana karɓar sa mai da kyau na sassa.

Menene fasali na ƙirar busassun tsarin lubrication? A cikin busasshiyar rijiyar mai, sai man ya zube a cikin tafki, daga nan kuma famfon mai ya tsotse shi a zuba a cikin wani tafki daban. A cikin irin waɗannan tsarin koyaushe ana samun famfunan mai guda biyu.

Yaya tsarin lubrication na injin ke aiki? A cikin irin wannan tsarin, motar tana lubricated a cikin hanyar gargajiya - ana zubar da mai ta hanyar tashoshi zuwa dukkan sassa. A cikin busassun busassun, ana iya gyara magudanar ruwa ba tare da rasa dukkan mai ba.