Zaɓin makirufo

Makullin yin rikodin makirufo mai kyau shine saita daidaitaccen tushen sauti dangane da makirufo da acoustics na ɗakin da kuke rikodi. A cikin wannan mahallin, tsarin hasken microphone ya zama mai yanke hukunci.

Gabaɗaya ana la'akari da cewa inda acoustics na ciki ba su da fa'ida, muna amfani da makirufonin toho, waɗanda ba su da hankali sosai ga sautuna daga gefe da na baya. Koyaya, dole ne mutum ya tuna game da tasirin kusancinsu, watau. saita ƙananan sautuna yayin da makirufo ke kusanci tushen sauti. Don haka, sanya makirufo zai buƙaci ɗan gwaji a wannan batun.

Idan muna da daki tare da acoustics wanda muke son haɗawa a cikin harbinmu, marufofi masu zagaye waɗanda ke da kusanci iri ɗaya ga siginar da ke fitowa daga kowane bangare suna aiki mafi kyau. Makarufo mai lamba takwas, a daya bangaren, gaba daya suna kin sauti daga gefe, suna amsa sautin gaba da baya ne kawai, wanda hakan ya sa su dace da dakunan da kawai wani bangare na acoustics na dakin ya fi dacewa a cikin sauti.

Halayen karatu

Yin amfani da mitar mitar da martani na makirufo condenser na AKG C-414 a matsayin misali, bari yanzu mu ga yadda ake karanta waɗannan nau'ikan jadawali. Suna da mahimmanci a gare mu domin suna ƙyale mu mu iya hango yanayin yanayin makirufo a cikin wani yanayi.

Halin yana nuna matakin sigina a fitowar makirufo dangane da mitar siginar sauti. Idan muka kalli shi, mun ga cewa a cikin kewayon har zuwa 2 kHz yana da ma'ana (kore, shuɗi da baƙar fata masu lankwasa suna nuna halaye bayan kunna matattara mai ƙarancin wucewa na mitoci daban-daban). Makirifo yana ɗaukar mitoci kaɗan a cikin kewayon 5-6kHz kuma yana nuna raguwar inganci sama da 15kHz.

Halin jagora, watau. wani irin jadawali na makirufo hankali, ana gani daga kallon idon tsuntsu. Gefen hagu na jadawali yana nuna halayen jagora don mitoci daga 125 zuwa 1000 Hz, kuma iri ɗaya don kewayon daga 2 dubu zuwa dama. har zuwa 16k Hz (waɗannan nau'ikan halayen yawanci suna daidaitawa, don haka babu buƙatar wakiltar da'ira ta biyu). Ƙananan mitar, ƙarin zagaye na ƙirar ya zama. Yayin da mitar ta karu, sifa ta kunkuntar da hankali ga sigina da ke fitowa daga gefe da kuma daga baya yana faɗuwa sosai.

Menene ciki, irin wannan makirufo

Yin amfani da abin da ake kira garkuwar microphone na Acoustic ba ya shafar sautin makirufo har yana ba da damar rage matakin siginar da ke nunawa daga bangon ɗakin, kuma ta haka ne ke taimakawa wajen kawar da halayen sauti na cikin ɗan kaɗan. sha'awar wannan girmamawa.

Idan ɗakin studio ɗin ku ya cika da abubuwa masu dumbin yawa—labule masu nauyi, tagumi, kujeru masu laushi, da sauransu—za ku ƙare da bushewa da sautin bushewa. Wannan ba yana nufin cewa irin waɗannan ɗakunan ba su dace da rikodi ba, misali, murya. Akwai masu samarwa da yawa waɗanda da gangan suke rikodin muryar su a cikin irin waɗannan ɗakuna, suna barin kansu a baya don ƙirƙirar sararin da ake so ta hanyar amfani da na'urori masu sarrafa dijital. Duk da haka, yana da daraja sanin cewa irin wannan sararin samaniya zai iya haifar da rashin jin daɗi ga aikin mawaƙa, wanda ba shakka ba zai dace da rikodi mai kyau ba. Mawakan suna son jin "kadan iska" a kusa da su, shi ya sa wasu mawaka suka fi son yin waka a manyan dakuna.

Wasu microphones sun fi dacewa da takamaiman aikace-aikace fiye da wasu, don haka yana da daraja la'akari da wace makirufo za ku yi amfani da su kafin ku fara rikodin. Abubuwan da za a yi la'akari da su sun haɗa da bandwidth da halayen sauti na tushen sauti, da kuma matsakaicin matakin matsa lamba da suke haifarwa. Wani lokaci yanayin tattalin arziki kuma yana cikin haɗari - bai kamata ku yi amfani da makirufo masu tsada don waɗannan hanyoyin sauti ba inda analog ɗin mai rahusa da sauƙin samun isa ya isa.

Vocals da guitars

Lokacin rikodin muryoyin, yawancin injiniyoyin sauti sun fi son manyan microphones masu ɗaukar sauti tare da amsa koda. Ana ƙara amfani da makirufonin ribbon don wannan dalili. Hakanan yana da daraja ƙoƙarin ganin yadda muryoyin ku za su yi sauti tare da makirufo mai ƙarfi na yau da kullun kamar Shure SM57/SM58. Ana iya amfani da na ƙarshe a cikin yanayin ɗakin studio inda ake rikodin sauti mai ƙarfi da tsauri, kamar a cikin dutsen dutse, ƙarfe ko kiɗan punk.

A game da rikodi na amp na guitar, makirufo mai ƙarfi sune mafi kyawun mafita, kodayake wasu injiniyoyin sauti suna amfani da duka ƙananan nau'ikan na'ura mai ɗaukar hoto na diaphragm da na gargajiya manyan makirufo diaphragm.

Kamar yadda yake a cikin sautin murya, makirufonin ribbon an ƙara yin amfani da su na ɗan lokaci yanzu, wanda, ba tare da ƙari ga bayyanar manyan mitoci ba, yana ba ku damar yin harbi mai inganci a cikin bass da tsakiyar. Game da makirufo na ribbon, matsayinsa daidai yana da mahimmanci na musamman - gaskiyar ita ce ba za a iya sanya shi daidai da jirgin lasifikar ba, saboda hakan na iya haifar da murdiya mai ƙananan mita, kuma a cikin matsanancin yanayi har ma da lalata ribbon microphones. (Microphones na wannan nau'in suna da matukar damuwa ga jirgin sama na masu magana). kai tsaye hits).

Ana yin rikodin bass ta hanya biyu - layi-in, watau kai tsaye daga na'urar, da kuma amfani da makirufo da aka makala a cikin amplifier, yayin da manyan microphones na condenser na diaphragm da microphones masu ƙarfi suma ana amfani da su don rikodin makirufo. A cikin yanayin ƙarshe, masu samarwa suna son yin amfani da mics da aka tsara don buga ganguna, waɗanda halayensu kuma suna aiki da kyau don rikodin bass.

Acoustic guitar

Marufofi na AKG C414 jerin wasu makirufonin da suka fi dacewa a kasuwa. Suna ba da halayen jagora guda biyar masu sauyawa.

Dukansu gitar mai sauti da sauran kayan kirtani na daga cikin mafi kyawu kuma a lokaci guda sun fi wahalar yin rikodin kafofin sauti. A cikin yanayin su, mics masu ƙarfi ba su aiki daidai, amma rikodin tare da na'urar daukar hotan takardu-duka manya da ƙanana diaphragms-yawanci suna aiki da kyau. Akwai babban rukunin injiniyoyin sauti waɗanda ke amfani da ribbon mics don irin waɗannan zaman, amma ba duka ba ne suke da kyau wajen magance waɗannan yanayi. Don mafi kyawun sautin guitar, ya kamata a yi amfani da microphones guda biyu - ɗaya tare da babban diaphragm wanda za'a iya sanya wani tazara mai nisa daga kayan aiki don guje wa yawan sautin bass da ke zuwa ta ramin sauti na akwatin, da kuma ƙaramin diaphragm wanda yawanci ake nufi da shi. sha biyu fret na guitar.

Aiki yana nuna cewa a cikin yanayin ɗakin studio na gida, ƙananan microphones diaphragm sune mafi kyawun bayani, saboda suna ba da isasshen haske da saurin sauti. Matsayin ma ba shi da matsala kamar manyan mis ɗin diaphragm. Ƙarshen, akasin haka, suna da kyau a cikin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun rikodi, a cikin ɗakunan da ke da kyan gani mai kyau. Gitarar Acoustic da aka yi rikodi ta wannan hanya yawanci suna sauti a sarari, tare da madaidaicin adadin zurfin da ma'anar.

kayan aikin iska

Lokacin yin rikodin kayan aikin iska, makirufo ribbon shine mafi kyawun mafi yawan injiniyoyin sauti. Tun da amsawar ɗaki yana da mahimmanci a cikin sautin irin wannan kayan aiki, halayensa na octal shugabanci da takamaiman sauti wanda ba ya yin karin girman sauti yana aiki sosai a nan. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da manyan na'urori masu ɗaukar hoto na diaphragm, amma samfura tare da amsa octal (makirufonin da za a iya canzawa sune na kowa) yakamata a zaɓi. Tube mics suna aiki da kyau a cikin waɗannan yanayi.

piano

da kyar aka yi rikodin kayan aiki a ɗakin studio na gida. Yana da kyau a san cewa madaidaicin hanyarsa ita ce fasaha ta gaske, musamman saboda babban yanki wanda aka samar da sauti, da fadi da kewayon mitar da kuzari. Don rikodin piano, ƙanana da manyan na'urori masu ɗaukar hoto na diaphragm yawanci ana amfani da su, da kuma makirufonin kai tsaye guda biyu, ɗan nesa da kayan aiki, tare da murfi sama, suna ba da sakamako mai kyau. Yanayin, duk da haka, yana da kyau acoustics na ɗakin rikodi. A wata mai zuwa, za mu duba hanyoyin yin rikodin ganguna daga makirufo. Wannan batu yana daya daga cikin abubuwan da aka fi tattauna a kan aikin studio.