Ci gaba a cikin 'yancin kai na motocin lantarki

Babban ci gaba daga 2010 zuwa 2020

Tun shigowar motocin lantarki a kasuwa, rayuwar baturi ta kasance tana jan hankali da cece-kuce. Ta yaya masana'antun suka magance wannan matsala kuma wane ci gaba aka samu a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata?

Cancantar abin hawa na lantarki: birki a kasuwar jama'a?

A cikin 2019, kashi 63% na masu amsawa ga Argus Energy barometer sun ɗauki kewayon a matsayin mafi mahimmancin cikas ga ƙaura zuwa motocin lantarki. Masu ababen hawa ba sa son yin tunani game da yin cajin motar su sau da yawa don yin tafiya mai nisa. Shin haɓakar ababen more rayuwa na caji na jama'a na iya rage wannan damuwa? Tashoshin tashoshi masu sauri, waɗanda ke ƙara kasancewa a wuraren nishaɗin babbar hanya, suna dawo da cikakken ƙarfinsu don yawancin samfura cikin ƙasa da mintuna 45. Fans na injin zafi ba za su kasa tuna cewa wannan tsawon lokaci ya kasance fiye da na cikakken man fetur.

Ko da hanzarta tura tashoshi na caji zai iya kwantar da hankalin wasu masu ababen hawa, tsammanin zai ci gaba da mai da hankali kan cin gashin kansa.

Kuna buƙatar taimako don farawa?

Ƙara matsakaicin yancin kai

A cewar rahoton Global Electric Vehicles Outlook 2021 da Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Duniya ta shirya, cin gashin kan motocin lantarki ya ci gaba da inganta tun bayan bullo da su a kasuwa. Don haka, mun tashi daga matsakaicin matsakaicin ikon cin gashin kai na kilomita 211 a shekarar 2015 zuwa kilomita 338 a shekarar 2020. Ga cikakkun bayanai na shekaru shida da suka gabata:

• 2015: 211 km
• 2016: kilomita 233
• 2017: kilomita 267
• 2018: kilomita 304
• 2019: kilomita 336
• 2020: kilomita 338

Idan ci gaban da aka lura a cikin shekaru biyar na farko yana ƙarfafawa, mutum na iya mamakin koma baya tsakanin 2019 da 2020. A haƙiƙa, wannan mafi ƙarancin haɓaka yana haifar da shigar da ƙarin ƙira a cikin kasuwa. An ƙera su don amfani da birane, suna da ƙananan batura don haka ba su da ƙarfi.

Ikon cin gashin kansa na alamun flagship a cikin tsari

Don haka, masu ababen hawa da ke neman ƙarin ikon cin gashin kansu na iya samun tabbacin cewa masana'antun suna ci gaba da inganta motocin da za su iya tafiya mai nisa, kamar sedans ko SUVs. Don fahimtar wannan, kawai bincika ƙarfin baturi na wani abin hawa ta hanyar duban juyin halitta ta samfuri. Model na Tesla S, akan siyarwa tun 2012, ya ga ikon cin gashin kansa yana ƙaruwa ci gaba:

• 2012: kilomita 426
• 2015: kilomita 424
• 2016: kilomita 507
• 2018: kilomita 539
• 2020: kilomita 647
• 2021: kilomita 663

An samu wannan karuwar ta yau da kullun ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Musamman Palo Alto ya ƙirƙiri manyan batura masu girma da girma yayin haɓaka software na sarrafa Model S. Ana sabunta shi koyaushe don sa abin hawa ya fi dacewa da haɓaka ƙarfin baturi.

Maƙasudai na gajeren lokaci

Don ci gaba da inganta ikon mallakar motocin lantarki, ana bincika hanyoyi da yawa a yau. Masu bincike suna ƙoƙarin yin batura har ma da inganci yayin da masana'antun ke neman "tunanin lantarki" daga ƙirar chassis na abin hawa.

Sabbin dandamali na Stellantis don electromotorization

Ƙungiyar Stellantis, babban ɗan wasa a cikin kasuwar kera motoci, tana son haɓaka kewayon motocinta na lantarki. Daga 2023, 14 daga cikin samfuran ƙungiyar (ciki har da Citroën, Opel, Fiat, Dodge da Jeep) za su ba da motocin da aka gina akan chassis waɗanda aka ƙera azaman dandamali na lantarki kawai. Wannan ingantaccen juyin halitta ne a lokacin da yawancin EVs ke amfani da chassis na ƙirar zafi daidai.

Musamman, Stellantis ta himmatu wajen ba da amsa ga faɗuwar ƙararrawa, waɗanda ke da mahimmanci ga direbobin EV. Don haka, masu haɓakawa sun gabatar da dandamali guda huɗu waɗanda aka sadaukar don wannan takamaiman injin:

• Ƙananan: Za a keɓe shi don motoci masu amfani da birni da yawa kamar Peugeot e-208 ko Fiat 500. Wannan dandali ya yi alkawarin tafiyar kilomita 500.
• Matsakaici: Za a shigar da wannan dandali akan motocin sedan masu tsayi. Batura masu dacewa zasu samar da kewayon kilomita 700 zuwa 800.
• Large: Wannan dandali za a tsara don SUVs tare da ayyana kewayon 500 kilomita.
• Frame: Za a keɓe dandamali na huɗu don motocin kasuwanci.

Manufar wannan daidaitawar ita ce a kashe wani bangare na farashin wutar lantarki. Baya ga tsawaita kewayon, Stellantis kuma yana fatan bayar da ƙarin samfuran EV masu araha. Wannan dabarar ta zama sananne ga masu ababen hawa: a Faransa, har yanzu farashin mafi girma na siyan motocin lantarki har yanzu ba shi da wani yanki ta hanyar juzu'in juzu'i, amma yana yiwuwa ya ragu nan gaba.

kilomita 800 na cin gashin kai a 2025?

Samsung da baturi mai ƙarfi

A cewar masana'antun, nan ba da jimawa ba ikon mallakar baturi mai caji zai zama daidai da na cikakken tanki! Masu binciken da ke aiki tare da alamar Samsung sun buɗe sabon ingantaccen tunanin baturin lantarki a cikin Maris 2020. A halin yanzu, batir lithium-ion, waɗanda aka sanye da mafi yawan motocin lantarki, suna aiki ta hanyar amfani da masu amfani da ruwa ko a cikin nau'in gel; canzawa zuwa ƙwararrun batura masu amfani da wutar lantarki zai haifar da ƙarin ƙarfin kuzari da sauri.

Tare da girman nau'in batura na gargajiya sau biyu, wannan ƙirar ta Samsung za ta ba EVs damar yin tafiya har zuwa kilomita 800. Tsawon rayuwar wata gardama ce ta goyan bayan wannan baturi saboda ana iya yin caji sama da sau 1000. Ya rage don ƙaddamar da kwas ɗin samarwa ... Idan samfurin Samsung yana da alƙawarin, har yanzu babu abin da ya ce masana'antun za su yi amfani da shi!

SK Innovation da Super Fast Cajin

Wani kamfani na Koriya ta Kudu da ke ƙoƙarin samun yancin kai na kilomita 800 shine SK Innovation. Kungiyar ta sanar da cewa tana aiki kan sabon baturi mai cin gashin kanta, mai girma, mai karfin nickel, tare da rage lokacin caji akan tashar mai sauri zuwa mintuna 20! SK Innovation, wanda ya riga ya kasance mai sayarwa ga masana'anta Kia, yana son haɓaka gaba kuma yana gina masana'antu da yawa a Jojiya. Babban burin shi ne samar da Ford da Volkswagen da motocin lantarki da Amurka ta kera.

A nisan kilomita 2000?

Abin da 'yan shekarun da suka gabata zai iya wucewa don almara na kimiyya na iya zama gaskiya mai ma'ana da sauri. Ƙungiya na masana kimiyya na Jamus da Holland da ke aiki ga Fraunhofer da SoLayTec, bi da bi, sun ɓullo da wani tsari na haƙƙin mallaka mai suna Spatial Atom Layer Deposition.

(SALD). Babu canje-canje a cikin ilmin sinadarai a nan, kamar yadda ya faru da Koriya ta Kudu Samsung da SK Innovation. Ci gaban da aka samu yana da alaƙa da fasahar baturi. Masu binciken suna da ra'ayin yin amfani da kayan aiki na lantarki a cikin nau'i mai kauri na nanometer da yawa. Tun da tarin lithium ions yana faruwa ne kawai a saman, babu buƙatar ƙananan lantarki.

Don haka, don daidai girman girma ko nauyi, tsarin SALD yana inganta abubuwa masu mahimmanci guda uku:

• m lantarki yanki
• iyawarsu ta adana wutar lantarki
• saurin caji

Don haka, motocin da ke da batir SALD na iya samun kewayo har sau uku fiye da na mafi ƙarfi a kasuwa a halin yanzu. Ana iya ƙara saurin saukewa sau biyar! Frank Verhage, Shugaba na SALD, wanda ya kafa don tallata wannan sabon abu, ya ce kewayon kilomita 1000 don motocin birni da kuma tsawon kilomita 2000 na sedans. Jagoran ya yi jinkirin kafa tarihin cin gashin kansa na ka'idar, amma yana fatan kwantar da hankalin direbobi. Hatta masu ababen hawa na wasanni na iya samun wutar lantarki kashi 20 ko 30 bayan tafiyar kilomita 1000, in ji shi.

Wani labari mai kyau shine cewa tsarin SALD ya dace da nau'ikan sinadarai na sel masu wanzuwa:

• NCA (nickel, cobalt, aluminum)
• NMC (nickel, manganese, cobalt)
• m electrolyte batura

Za mu iya cin amanar wannan fasaha ta wuce matakin samfuri, yayin da SALD ya riga ya ce yana tattaunawa da wasu masana'antun mota.