Shin sojojin saman Amurka suna fuskantar "ramin farauta"?
Kafa. USAF
Sojojin saman Amurka da sojojin ruwan Amurka a halin yanzu suna fuskantar tsufa cikin sauri na mayaka na ƙarni na huɗu kamar F-15, F-16 da F/A-18. A gefe guda kuma, shirin F-35 na ƙarni na biyar, wanda aka jinkirta aƙalla ƴan shekaru kuma yana fama da matsaloli da yawa, ya kasa kai sabbin jiragen sama akan lokaci. Fatalwar abin da ake kira ramin farauta, watau. yanayin da za a janye mayakan da suka gaji, kuma ba za a iya cike gibin da ya haifar da komai ba.
Tun bayan kawo karshen yakin cacar baka, sojojin saman Amurka (USAF) da sojojin ruwa na Amurka suna shiga kusan ko da yaushe a cikin rikice-rikicen makami na kasa da kasa masu tsananin karfi. A cikin shekaru goma sha biyar da suka gabata, lalacewa da tsagewar jiragen yakin Amurka ya karu sosai, ciki har da mayaka masu yawa da ke yin ayyuka da dama. Wannan lamari ne musamman ga mayaka masu saukar ungulu, wadanda rayuwar hidimarsu ta fi na mayaka a kasa, kuma wadanda aka yi amfani da su (kuma ake amfani da su) a kusan dukkanin tashe-tashen hankula da Amurka ke jagoranta. Bugu da kari, akwai gagarumin amfani da jiragen yaki da Amurkawa ke yi wajen ayyukan 'yan sanda, a wani bangare na abin da ake kira. zanga-zangar karfi, tsarewa, goyon baya ga abokan kawance, da atisayen soja na gida da na kasa da kasa.
Hadarin da ya faru a ranar 2 ga Nuwamba, 2007 a Missouri na iya zama sanadin abin da ka iya kasancewa a gaba ga gajiyar jiragen yaki na ƙarni na huɗu. A lokacin jirgin horo, F-15C daga 131st Fighter Wing a zahiri ya fado a cikin iska yayin da yake yin daidaitattun motsi. Ya bayyana cewa, musabbabin hadarin shi ne karaya da igiyar fuselage ta yi a bayan jirgin. An dakatar da dukkan jiragen F-15A/B, F-15C/D da F-15E. A wancan lokacin, cak din bai bayyana wata barazana ba a wasu kwafi goma sha biyar. Lamarin ya ɗan bambanta a jirgin saman sojan ruwa. Gwaje-gwaje na mayakan F/A-18C/D sun nuna cewa abubuwa da yawa suna fuskantar lalacewa. Daga cikin su akwai, misali, a kwance wutsiya.
A halin da ake ciki, shirin na F-35 ya fuskanci tsaiko. An ba da shawarwari masu kyau a cikin 2007 cewa Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka za ta fara karɓar F-35B tun a farkon 2011. F-35A ya kamata ya shiga sabis tare da Rundunar Sojan Sama na Amurka a 2012, kamar yadda Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka ta kasance F-35C. A lokaci guda, shirin ya fara zubar da kasafin kudin Pentagon da ke raguwa. Sojojin ruwan Amurka sun yi nasarar samun kudade don siyan sabbin mayakan F/A-18E/F, wadanda suka fara maye gurbin F/A-18A/B da F/A-18C/D da aka soke. Koyaya, sojojin ruwa na Amurka sun daina siyan F / A-18E / F a cikin 2013, kuma an jinkirta shigar da sabis na F-35C, kamar yadda aka riga aka sani, zuwa Agusta 2018. Saboda wannan jinkiri da buƙatar janye mafi ƙarancin lalacewa. F / A- 18Cs / D, a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, sojojin ruwa za su kare daga 24 zuwa 36 mayakan.
Bi da bi, ana barazanar Sojan Sama na Amurka ba tare da karancin mayaka na "jiki" ba, amma tare da "rami" a cikin iyawar yaki na dukkan rundunar. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a cikin 2011 an dakatar da samar da 22 F-195A mayakan ƙarni na biyar. F-22A ya kamata a hankali maye gurbin tsofaffin mayakan F-15A/B/C/D. Koyaya, don wannan, Sojojin saman Amurka dole ne su karɓi aƙalla 381 F-22As. Wannan adadin zai isa ya samar da gungun 'yan wasa masu linzami guda goma. Jirgin F-22A na F-35A mai fafutuka da yawa za a kara masa shi, wanda zai maye gurbin mayakan F-16 (da jirgin A-10). Sakamakon haka, rundunar sojojin saman Amurka za ta karɓi rundunar jiragen yaƙi na ƙarni na biyar wanda F-22A za su sami goyan bayan manyan jiragen sama na F-35A ta iska zuwa ƙasa.
Sakamakon rashin isasshen adadin mayakan F-22A da kuma jinkirin shiga cikin sabis na F-35A, an tilasta wa Sojojin Sama ƙirƙirar rundunar rikon kwarya da ta ƙunshi mayaka na ƙarni na huɗu da na biyar. F-15s da F-16s da suka lalace dole ne a haɓaka su don tallafawa da haɓaka manyan jiragen ruwa na F-22A da kuma jirgin F-35A mai saurin girma.
Rikicin sojojin ruwa
Sojojin ruwa na Amurka sun kammala siyan mayakan F/A-18E/F Super Hornet a shekarar 2013, inda suka rage yawan oda zuwa raka'a 565. 314 mazan F/A-18A/B/C/D Hornets suna ci gaba da aiki a hukumance. Bugu da ƙari, Marine Corps yana da 229 F / A-18B / C / D. Duk da haka, rabin na Hornets ba sa aiki, saboda ana gudanar da shirye-shiryen gyara da na zamani iri-iri. Daga qarshe, F/A-18C/D mafi tsufan Sojojin ruwa da sabbin F-369Cs 35 za su maye gurbinsu. Sojojin ruwa na son siyan F-67Cs 35, wanda kuma zai maye gurbin Hornets. Jinkirin shirin da ƙuntatawa na kasafin kuɗi yana nufin cewa F-35C na farko yakamata su kasance a shirye don sabis a cikin Agusta 2018.
Cikakken samar da F-35C an shirya shi ne don zama 20 a kowace shekara. A halin yanzu, sojojin ruwan Amurka sun ce saboda dalilai na kudi, sun gwammace su rage yawan siyan F-35C ko da kwafi 12 a kowace shekara. Ana sa ran fara samar da serial a cikin 2020, don haka tawagar F-35C ta farko za ta fara aiki ba a baya ba kafin 2022. Sojojin ruwa na shirin samun tawaga guda ɗaya na F-35Cs a cikin kowane reshe mai ɗaukar kaya.
Don rage koma baya da jinkiri a cikin shirin F-35C ya haifar, Sojojin ruwa na Amurka suna son haɓaka rayuwar sabis na akalla 150 F/A-18Cs daga sa'o'i 6 zuwa sa'o'i 10 a ƙarƙashin SLEP (Shirin Tsawo Rayuwa). Koyaya, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, Sojojin ruwa ba su sami isassun kuɗi don haɓaka shirin SLEP daidai ba. Akwai wani yanayi wanda daga 60 zuwa 100 F / A-18C mayaka sun makale a cikin gyare-gyaren shuke-shuke ba tare da tsammanin dawowar sabis na gaggawa ba. Rundunar sojojin ruwa ta Amurka ta ce a lokacin SLEP za su so su inganta F/A-18C da aka gyara. Izinin kasafin kuɗi, shirin shine a ba da Hornets tare da radar eriya mai aiki da aka bincika ta hanyar lantarki, haɗin haɗin haɗin bayanan Link 16, nunin launi tare da taswirar dijital mai motsi, Martin Becker Mk 14 NACES (Naval Aircrew Common Ejektor Seat) kujerun fitarwa, da kwalkwali. -tsarar da aka ɗora. bin diddigi da jagora JHMCS (Haɗin gwiwar Helmut-Mounted Cueing System).
Gyaran F/A-18C yana nufin cewa sabbin F/A-18E/Fs sun karɓi mafi yawan ayyukan aiki, wanda ke rage rayuwar sabis ɗin su zuwa 9-10. kallo. A ranar 19 ga watan Janairu na wannan shekara, Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa (NAVAIR) ta sanar da shirin SLEP na tsawaita rayuwar mayakan F/A-18E/F. Har yanzu ba a san yadda takamaiman kwangilar za ta kasance ba da kuma yadda wa’adin kammala aikin zai kasance. An san cewa sake ginawa zai shafi baya na jirgin sama tare da naceles na inji da naúrar wutsiya. Mafi tsufa Super Hornets zai kai iyaka 6. sati a 2017. Wannan zai kasance aƙalla shekara ɗaya da rabi kafin sanarwar F-35C na shirye-shiryen fara aiki. Shirin SLEP na mayaƙa ɗaya yana ɗaukar kusan shekara guda. Tsawon lokacin gyare-gyaren ya dogara da matakin lalatawar iska da adadin sassa da majalisai masu buƙatar sauyawa ko gyarawa.
