Mercedes

Tarihin sanannen sanannen duniya ya fara farawa sakamakon sake tsari da kamfanonin Jamus biyu suka yi. Bayan ɗan koma baya cikin tarihi, ɗan ƙasar Jamus mai ƙirƙira Benz ya sami izni ga 'ya'yansa, wanda ya kawo shaharar duniya kuma ya yi juyin juya hali a masana'antar kera motoci - mota ta farko da ke da rukunin wutar lantarki. A cikin wannan shekarar, wani injiniyan Jamus Gottlieb Daimler da Wilhelm Maybach suka kirkiro wani aikin, wannan wani aiki ne na kera injin. Dukansu masu ƙirƙira sun ƙirƙira kamfanoni: Benz - mai suna Benz & Cie a 1883 a Mannheim, da Daimler - tare da alamar kasuwanci Daimler Motoren Gesellchaft (abbreviation DMG) a 1890. Dukansu sun ci gaba da kansu a cikin layi daya kuma a cikin 1901, a ƙarƙashin alamar "Mercedes" da aka kirkiro, Daimler ya samar da mota. An ambaci sunan sanannen a kan buƙatar wani ɗan kasuwa mai arziki Emil Jellinek don girmama sunan 'yarsa, wanda shine wakilin DMG a Faransa. Wannan mutumin ya kasance mai saka hannun jari a cikin kamfanin, wanda mafi yawan arziƙin ya buƙaci a saka shi a cikin kwamitin gudanarwa, da kuma cewa zai sami 'yancin fitar da motoci zuwa wasu ƙasashen Turai. Mota ta farko ita ce sanannen Mercedes 35hp da aka kera don tsere. Motar iya isa gudun har zuwa 75 km / h, wanda aka dauke da wani abu mai ban mamaki a cikin wadannan shekaru, hudu-Silinda engine da girma na 5914 cubic mita. cm, kuma nauyin injin bai wuce 900 kg ba. Maybach ya yi aiki a kan sashin ƙirar ƙirar. Daya daga cikin motocin farko da aka kera ita ce tsere da Maybach ta tsara. Jellinek ya sarrafa tsarin ciki da waje. Ita ce almara Mercedes Simplex 40px, wanda ke tsere kuma ya yi tasiri sosai. An yi wahayi zuwa gare shi, Jellinek da ƙarfin hali ya bayyana cewa wannan shine farkon zamanin Mercedes. Tunanin ci gaban Maybach, bayan barin sa kamfanin, ya ci gaba da kera motocin tsere har zuwa yakin duniya na XNUMX kuma an dauke shi mafi kyau, bari mu dauki motocin farko a cikin tseren. 1926 ya sami ci gaba ta hanyar sake tsara kamfanonin da injiniyoyi suka kafa a Daimler-Benz AG. Shugaban farko na damuwa shine sanannen Ferdinand Porsche. Tare da taimakonsa, an kammala aikin da Daimler ya fara don ƙirƙirar kwampreso don ƙara ƙarfin injin. Motocin da aka samar sakamakon hadewar kamfanonin biyu ana kiran su Mercedes-Benz don girmama Karl Benz. Kamfanin ya haɓaka cikin saurin walƙiya, kuma ban da motoci, an samar da sassa don jiragen sama da jiragen ruwa. Wani sanannen injiniya ya karɓi aikin daga Porsche yayin da yake yanke shawarar barin kamfanin. Kamfanin yana mai da hankali kan motocin tsere. A lokacin mulkin kama-karya, Mercedes tare da swastika ya yi sarauta a Jamus. Kamfanin ya kuma kera motocin alfarma ga gwamnati. Mercedes-Benz 630, wannan mai iya canzawa, ita ce motar farko ta Hitler. Kuma manyan darajõji na Reichstag sun fi son "supercars" Mercedes-Benz 770K. Kamfanin ya kuma yi aiki a kan umarni ga rukunin sojoji, galibi motocin soja, manyan motoci da motoci. Yakin dai ya haifar da gagarumin tasiri wajen samar da kayayyaki, wanda kusan ya yi galaba a kan masana'antun, wanda sake gina su ya dauki lokaci mai yawa da kokari. Kuma tuni a cikin 1946, ana samun ci gaba tare da sabuntawar ƙarfi da ƙaramin sedans tare da ƙaramin ƙaura da rukunin wutar lantarki 38. Fitattun motocin alfarma na limousines da aka gina da hannu sun fara samarwa bayan 50s. Irin waɗannan motocin limosin sau da yawa an inganta su. Fitar da motoci zuwa kasashen Tarayyar Soviet ya kasance motocin fasinja 604, manyan motoci 20 da bas 7. Kamfanin ya sake dawowa da wata sana'a mai cike da annashuwa wacce masana'antar kera motoci ta Japan ba ta ma iya ɗauka tun daga 80s, kawai ta matse shi a cikin kasuwa. Kamfanin ya samar da motoci na titi da na wasanni. Mercedes-Benz W196, a matsayin motar motsa jiki da ta sami kyaututtuka da yawa don kyaututtuka, ta daina kasancewa jagorar tsere bayan bala'in da ke tattare da mutuwar shahararren dan tseren Pierre Levegh. Ƙarshen 50s yana da alamar ci gaba na ƙwararrun ƙira tare da cikakkun bayanai na abubuwan ƙirar jiki. Lalacewar layin, sararin ciki da sauran abubuwa da yawa da ake kira waɗannan samfuran "fins", waɗanda aka aro daga motocin kamfanonin Amurka. Za'a iya buga cikakken juzu'i don lissafa duk samfuran kamfanin daki-daki. A cikin 1999, kamfanin ya sami kamfanin gyara AMG. Wannan sayayyar ta taka rawar gani yayin da kamfanin ke aiki tare da manyan motocin wasanni. Zamanin sabon karni yana da alaƙa da rassa cikin aji. Haɗin haɗin kai ya wanzu har zuwa 1998, irin wannan adadin lokacin wanzuwa yana kasancewa ne kawai a cikin wannan ƙungiyar. Har zuwa yau, kamfanin yana tsara samfuran da ba zai dace da muhalli ba wanda zai shahara ba kawai don ta'aziyya ba, har ma don kula da yanayin ɗabi'a a cikin duniya, ɗayan batutuwan fifiko na duniyar yau. Mercedes-Benz ya kasance babban sahun gaba a masana'antar kera motoci. Wadanda suka kafa Daga sama, mun kammala cewa wadanda suka kafa kamfanin sune "manyan injiniya uku": Karl Benz, Gottlieb Daimler da Wilhelm Maybach. Yi la'akari da taƙaice tarihin rayuwar kowane daban. An haifi Karl Benz a ranar 25 ga Nuwamba, 1844 a Muhlburg a cikin dangin mashin. Daga 1853 ya yi karatu a Technical lyceum, sannan a 1860 a jami'ar polytechnic tare da digiri a kan kanikanci. Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya sami aiki a wata masana'antar kera injina wanda nan da nan ya daina aiki. Sannan yayi aiki na kimanin shekaru 5 a masana'antu a matsayin injiniya da zane. A cikin 1871, tare da wani aboki, ya buɗe nasa bita, ƙwararre kan kayan aiki da kayan ƙarfe. Benz yana da sha'awar ra'ayin injunan konewa na ciki, kuma wannan babban mataki ne a cikin aikinsa. 1878 ya nuna amincewarsa ga injin mai, kuma 1882 ya kirkiro kamfanin haɗin gwiwar Benz & Cie. Asalin manufarsa shine samar da na'urorin wutar lantarki. Benz ya kera motarsa ​​ta farko mai kafa uku tare da injin mai sau hudu. An gabatar da sakamakon ƙarshe a cikin 1885 kuma ya tafi wani nuni a Paris a ƙarƙashin sunan Motorvagen, kuma a cikin 1888 an riga an fara tallace-tallace. Bugu da ari, Benz ya samar da wasu motoci da yawa a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. A 1897 ya halitta "contra engine", sanannen engine, wanda yana da wani a kwance tsari na 2 cylinders. A cikin 1914, Benz ya sami digirin girmamawa daga Jami'ar Fasaha. 1926 Haɗe da DMG. Mai kirkirar ya mutu ne a ranar 4 ga Afrilu, 1929 a Ladenburg. A lokacin bazara na 1834, an halicci mahaliccin DMG, Gottlieb Daimler a Schorndorf. A cikin 1847, bayan makaranta, ya kera makamai ta hanyar zama a cikin bita. Daga 1857 ya sami horo a Kwalejin Kimiyya da Fasaha. A cikin 1863 ya sami aiki a Bruderhouse, wani kamfani da ke ba da aiki ga marayu da nakasassu. A nan ne ya sadu da Wilhelm Maybach wanda ya bude kamfani tare da shi a nan gaba. A shekara ta 1869 ya fara aiki a masana'antar ginin injin, kuma a cikin 1872 ya ɗauki taken daraktan fasaha don ƙirar injunan konewa na ciki. Maybach, wanda ya zo shuka kadan daga baya, ya dauki matsayi na babban mai zane. A 1880, duka injiniyoyi sun bar masana'anta kuma suka yanke shawarar ƙaura zuwa Stuttgart, inda aka haifi ra'ayin buɗe kasuwancin nasu. Kuma a ƙarshen 1885 sun ƙirƙira injin kuma sun ƙirƙira carburetor. Dangane da injin din, an fara kirkirar babur, kuma daga baya sai ma'aikata masu kafa huɗu. 1889 ya kasance yana da kirkirar motar farko mai kama da abin hawa kuma a cikin shekarar ne ta fara bayyana a baje kolin Paris. A cikin 1890, tare da taimakon Maybach, Daimler ya shirya kamfanin DMG, wanda farko ya ƙware a samar da injuna, amma a 1891 Maybach ya bar kamfanin tare da taimakonsa, kuma a cikin 1893 Daimler ya tafi. Gottlieb Daimler ya mutu ranar 6 ga Maris, 1900 a Stuttgart yana da shekara 65. An haifi Wilhelm Maybach a cikin hunturu na 1846 a Heilbronn ga dangin masassaƙa. Uwa da uba sun rasu a lokacin da Maybach take karama. An canza shi zuwa "Bruderhouse" da aka sani don ilimi, inda ya sadu da abokin tarayya na gaba. (A cikin tarihin da ke sama, an riga an ambata mahimman bayanai game da Maybach daga saduwa da Daimler). Bayan ya bar DMG, Maybach, bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci, ya ƙirƙira kamfanin kera injina, kuma daga 1919 ya kera motoci a ƙarƙashin nasa na Maybach. Babban injiniyan ya mutu a ranar 29 ga Disamba, 1929 yana da shekara 83. Don manyan ƙwarewarsa da nasarori a aikin injiniya, an ɗaukaka shi a matsayin "sarkin zane". Alamar "Kowane abu mai ban sha'awa mai sauƙi ne" Wannan credo ya bar alamarsa a kan alamar, wanda siffofi na ladabi da minimalism suna haɗuwa. Alamar Mercedes tauraruwa ce mai kusurwa uku, mai nuna iko duka-zagaye. Da farko, tambarin yana da tsari na daban. Tsakanin 1902 zuwa 1909, alamar ta ƙunshi wani rubutu tare da kalmar Mercedes a cikin duhu mai duhu. Bugu da ari, tambarin ya dauki sifa ta zamani ta tauraruwa mai yatsu uku da kalar zinare, an yi ta da farin fari. Bayan haka, alamar tauraron ta kasance, amma a cikin raguwar bambanci, kawai asalin da aka samo shi ne ya canza. Tun daga 1933, tambarin ya ɗan canza tsarinta, kasancewar ya zo da tsari mai kyau da kuma ƙaramar hanya. Tun daga 1989, tauraron da abin da ke kewaye da shi ya zama mai yawan gaske kuma yana da launin azurfa, amma tun daga 2010 an cire ƙarar tauraron, kawai sikelin launin toka-azurfa ne ya rage. Tarihin motoci na Mercedes-Benz Mota ta farko da aka sanye da tauraro mai nuna kai uku ta shiga duniya a shekarar 1901. Motar wasanni ce ta Mercedes da Maybach ta kera. Motar tana da halaye masu mahimmanci na wannan zamanin, injin ɗin yana da silinda huɗu, kuma ƙarfin shine 35 hp. Injin yana nan a gaba a ƙarƙashin murfin tare da na'urar rediyo, kuma motar tana cikin akwatin kayan aiki. Wannan samfurin tsere yana da kujeru biyu, wanda ba da daɗewa ba ya nuna kansa sosai, ya zama sananne a duk faɗin duniya. Bayan haɓakawa, motar ta ɗauki hanzari zuwa 75 km / h. Wannan samfurin ya aza harsashi don samar da samfurin Mercedes Simplex na gaba. Serial "60PS" ya tsaya a fili tare da ikon naúrar 9235 cc da gudun 90 km / h. Kafin yakin, an samar da motoci masu yawa na fasinja, Mercedes Knight ya cancanci babban shahararsa - samfurin alatu wanda ke da rufaffiyar jiki da na'urar wutar lantarki marar amfani. "2B / 95PS" - daya daga cikin na farko-haife bayan yakin, sanye take da wani 6-Silinda engine. Tun daga 1924, an ƙaddamar da jerin keɓaɓɓu na Mercedes-Benz Nau'in 630 tare da injin din-silinda 6 da kuma ƙarfin nasara na 140 hp. "Tarkon Mutuwa" ko samfurin 24, 110, 160 PS, ya ga duniya a 1926. Ta sami wannan sunan saboda gudunta har zuwa 145 km / h, kuma injin ya kasance 6240 cc Silinda. A cikin 1928, lokacin da Porsche ya bar kamfanin, an saki sabbin motocin fasinja a matsayin Mannheim 370 tare da injin 6-cylinder da ƙarar lita 3.7 da ƙarancin samfuri mai ƙarfi tare da rukunin wutar lantarki mai cylinder takwas tare da ƙarar lita 4.9, wanda shine Nurburg 500. A 1930, Mercedes-Benz 770 ya zo daga taron line, shi kuma ake kira "babban Mercedes" da 200 horsepower 8-Silinda ikon naúrar. 1931 shekara ce mai albarka don ƙirƙirar samfuran ƙananan motoci. model "Mercedes 1170" ya zama sananne ga m engine for 6 cylinders da 1692 cc da kuma samar da biyu gaban ƙafafun tare da zaman kanta dakatar. Kuma a shekarar 1933, an samar da wani tandem na fasinja mota "Mercedes 200" da kuma racing "Mercedes 380" tare da iko injuna 2.0- da 3.8 lita. A karshe model ya zama uwa ga halittar "Mercedes 500K" a 1934. Motar dauke da wani 5 lita engine, wanda shi ne kaka na "Mercedes-Benz 540K" a 1936. A cikin lokacin 1934-1936, "haske" model "Mercedes 130" bar taron line tare da hudu-Silinda 26-horsepower naúrar, wanda aka located a baya tare da wani aiki girma na 1308 cc. Wannan motar ta bi ta ne da wata mota kirar Mercedes 170 mai dauke da jikin sedan. An kuma ƙirƙiri ƙarin sigar kasafin kuɗi na Mercedes 170V tare da injin silinda huɗu. Na farko samar da mota tare da dizal engine aka gabatar zuwa karshen 1926, shi ne almara "Mercedes 260D". A shekarar 1946, an harba mota kirar "Mercedes 170U" da aka kera kafin yakin, wanda ba da dadewa ba ya inganta da injin dizal a tsarin zamani. Har ila yau, ya sami shahararsa "Mercedes 180" 1943 saki tare da wani sabon sabon jiki zane. Daga cikin motocin wasanni akwai kuma adadin ƙari: a cikin 1951 an sake fitar da samfurin "Mercedes 300S" tare da injin 6-Silinda kuma sanye take da camshaft na sama, da kuma sanannen "Mercedes 300SL" a 1954, yana samun karbuwa saboda shahararsa. zuwa zanen ƙofofin da aka siffa kamar fiffike na tsuntsu. 1955 ya ga sakin kasafin kuɗi m mai iya canzawa "Mercedes 190SL" tare da rukunin wutar lantarki mai silinda huɗu da ƙira mai ban sha'awa. Samfuran 220, 220S, 220SE sun ƙirƙiri ƙaramin dangi na matsakaicin aji kuma an ƙirƙira su a cikin 1959 kuma suna da matakin fasaha mai ƙarfi. Tsayawa mai zaman kanta akan ƙafafu 4, kyawun jiki tare da gyare-gyaren fitilolin mota da girman ɗakunan kaya ya sa wannan jerin ya shahara. 1963 ya samar da samfurin Mercedes 600, wanda zai iya kaiwa gudun har zuwa 204 km / h. Kunshin ya hada da injin V8 mai karfin 250 hp, akwatin gear mai sauri hudu. A cikin 1968, an gabatar da samfuran matsakaiciyar zango W114 da W115 ga duniya. A cikin 1972, an haifi S class a cikin sabon ƙarni. An ƙirƙira W116, wanda ya shahara da kasancewa tsarin hana kulle-kulle na farko, kuma a cikin 1979 ya fara W126 na juyin juya hali, wanda Bruno Sacco ya tsara. Jerin 460 ya ƙunshi motocin da ke kan hanya, wanda farkon sa ya ga duniya a cikin 1980. The halarta a karon na juyin juya hali wasanni mota ya faru a shekarar 1996 da kuma na SLK class. Wani fasalin motar, ban da halayen fasaha, wani saman nadawa ne, wanda aka sake komawa cikin akwati. A cikin 1999, an ƙaddamar da shahararren motar tseren F 1 mai kujeru biyu.