Motocin hydrogen sune makomar masana'antar kera motoci. Ta yaya motocin hydrogen kamar Toyota Mirai da BMW X5 ke aiki?

Har yanzu motocin hydrogen ba su mamaye matsayi mai ƙarfi a kasuwa ba. Ƙananan masana'antun sun yanke shawarar mayar da hankali ga ci gaban wannan fasaha. Har yanzu aiki yana kan injinan lantarki da ƙarancin gurɓataccen konewa na ciki ko injunan haɗaɗɗiya. Duk da yawan gasa, motocin hydrogen suna da sha'awar. Menene darajar sanin game da su?

Ta yaya makamashin hydrogen ke aiki?

Babban fa'idar motocin da ke amfani da hydrogen shine amincin muhallinsu. Yana da kyau a lura a nan cewa don samun damar ayyana su ta wannan hanyar, ya zama dole a mutunta ka'idojin kare muhalli kuma a cikin tsarin samarwa. 

Motocin da ke amfani da hydrogen suna aiki ne ta yadda suke samar da wutar lantarki da ake bukata don motsa abin hawa. Wannan yana yiwuwa godiya ga ƙwayoyin man fetur da aka shigar tare da tankin hydrogen wanda ke samar da wutar lantarki. Baturin wutar lantarki yana aiki azaman mai ɗaukar hoto. Kasancewarsa a cikin dukkan tsarin injin motar ya zama dole, alal misali, yayin haɓakawa. Hakanan yana iya ɗauka da adana kuzarin motsa jiki yayin birki. 

Tsarin da ke faruwa a cikin injin hydrogen 

Har ila yau, yana da daraja gano ainihin abin da ke faruwa a cikin injin hydrogen na motar kanta. Tantanin mai yana samar da wutar lantarki daga hydrogen. Wannan shi ne saboda juyawa electrolysis. Halin da kansa shine hydrogen da oxygen a cikin iska suna hulɗa don samar da ruwa. Wannan yana haifar da zafi da wutar lantarki don motsa motar lantarki.

Kwayoyin mai a cikin motocin hydrogen

Ana amfani da ƙwayoyin man fetur na PEM a cikin motocin da ake amfani da hydrogen. Yana da membrane electrolytic polymer wanda ke raba hydrogen da oxygen kewaye da anode da cathode. A membrane ne m kawai ga hydrogen ions. A lokaci guda, a cikin anode, kwayoyin hydrogen sun rabu cikin ions da electrons. Daga nan sai ions hydrogen su wuce ta EMF zuwa cathode, inda suke haɗuwa da iskar oxygen. Don haka, suna haifar da ruwa.

A daya hannun, hydrogen electrons ba zai iya wucewa ta EMF. Saboda haka, suna wucewa ta hanyar waya da ke haɗa anode da cathode. Ta haka ne ake samar da wutar lantarki, wanda ke cajin baturi mai jan hankali da kuma tafiyar da injin lantarkin motar.

Menene hydrogen?

Ana la'akari da shi mafi sauƙi, mafi tsufa kuma a lokaci guda mafi yawan abubuwan da aka saba a cikin dukan sararin samaniya. Hydrogen ba shi da takamaiman launi ko wari. Yawanci yana da gas kuma ya fi iska. A cikin yanayi, yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin nau'i mai ɗaure, misali, a cikin ruwa.

Hydrogen a matsayin mai - daga ina aka samo shi?

Ana samun sinadarin H2 a cikin tsarin lantarki. Wannan yana buƙatar kai tsaye halin yanzu da kuma electrolyte. Godiya ga su, ruwa ya kasu kashi daban-daban - hydrogen da oxygen. Oxygen kanta yana samuwa a cikin anode, kuma hydrogen a cathode. H2 sau da yawa wani samfur ne na hanyoyin sinadarai, haɗakar iskar gas ko tace ɗanyen mai. Wani muhimmin sashi na buƙatun hydrogen yana samuwa ta hanyoyin makamashi masu sabuntawa.

Hydrogen daga tushen sabuntawa - wadanne albarkatun kasa ne suka fada cikin wannan rukunin?

Yana da daraja fayyace waɗanne takamaiman kayan za a iya kiran su da albarkatun da ake sabunta su. Domin motocin hydrogen da man fetur su kasance masu dorewa, dole ne mai ya fito daga tushe kamar:

• photovoltaics;
• makamashin iska;
• makamashin ruwa;
• makamashin hasken rana;
• makamashin geothermal;
• biomass.

Motocin hydrogen - Toyota Mirai

Toyota Mirai na 2022, da kuma 2021, yana ɗaya daga cikin samfuran da abokan ciniki ke zaɓe akai-akai. Mirai yana da kewayon har zuwa kilomita 555 da kuma motar lantarki mai nauyin 134 kW dake bayan motar. Ana samar da makamashi ta ƙwayoyin mai a kan jirgin dake ƙarƙashin murfin gaban motar. Ana amfani da hydrogen azaman makamashi na farko kuma ana adana shi a cikin tankuna a cikin abin da ake kira rami cardan a ƙarƙashin kujerun baya. Tankuna suna ɗaukar kilogiram 5,6 na hydrogen a mashaya 700. Tsarin Toyota Mirai kuma yana da fa'ida - ƙirar motar ba ta gaba ba ce, amma na gargajiya.

Mirai yana haɓaka zuwa 100 km/h a cikin daƙiƙa 9,2 kuma yana da babban gudun 175 km/h.. Toyota Mirai yana ba da madaidaiciyar ƙarfi kuma yana amsawa sosai ga motsin direba - duka suna hanzari da birki.

Hydrogen BMW X5 - mota daraja biya hankali ga

Motar da ke da ƙarfin hydrogen kuma ta haɗa da SUVs. Daya daga cikinsu shi ne BMW X5 Hydrogen. Samfurin a cikin ƙirarsa bai bambanta da takwarorinsa na tanderu daga jerin guda ɗaya ba. Ƙaƙƙarfan haske ko ƙirar ƙuƙuka na iya bambanta, amma waɗannan ba rashin daidaituwa ba ne. Samfurin samfurin Bavarian yana da tankuna guda biyu waɗanda ke iya adana har zuwa kilogiram 6 na iskar gas, da kuma ƙwayoyin mai da ƙarfin har zuwa 170 hp. Wani abin sha'awa shi ne, BMW ya haɗu da Toyota. An samar da samfurin X5 mai amfani da hydrogen ta hanyar amfani da fasaha iri ɗaya da motocin kamfanin ƙera Hydrogen na Asiya na gaba. 

Shin motocin hydrogen da gaske kore ne?

Babban amfani da motocin hydrogen shine cewa suna da alaƙa da muhalli. Koyaya, ko wannan shine ainihin lamarin ya dogara da yadda ake samar da hydrogen. A daidai lokacin da babbar hanyar samun man fetur ita ce samar da iskar gas, wutar lantarki, wacce ita kanta ba ta da muhalli kuma ba ta da iska, ba ta rage duk wata gurbatar yanayi da ke faruwa a lokacin samar da sinadarin hydrogen. Ko da bayan dogon amfani da mota. Ana iya kiran motar hydrogen gabaɗaya kore idan makamashin da ake buƙata don tafiyar da ita ya fito gaba ɗaya daga tushen sabuntawa. A lokaci guda, abin hawa yana da aminci ga muhalli. 

Motocin hydrogen - taƙaitaccen bayani

Motocin lantarki suna da kewayon haɓaka kuma suna jin daɗin tuƙi. Koyaya, sake mai da motocin lantarki na iya zama ƙalubale. Motoci masu irin wannan tuƙi za su tabbatar da kansu da kyau a kusa da manyan biranen, kamar Warsaw.Har yanzu akwai 'yan tashoshi masu cike da hydrogen a kasarmu, amma ya kamata hakan ya canza nan da shekarar 2030, yayin da adadin tashoshin zai karu zuwa sama da 100, a cewar Orlen.