Na'urar ingin konewa na ciki - bidiyo, zane-zane, hotuna

Injin konewa na cikin gida ɗaya ne daga cikin waɗannan ƙirƙira waɗanda suka juya rayuwarmu gabaɗaya - mutane sun sami damar canjawa daga kekunan dawakai zuwa motoci masu sauri da ƙarfi.

Na farko na ciki konewa injuna da low iko, da kuma yadda ya dace bai kai ko da goma bisa dari, amma m ƙirƙira - Lenoir, Otto, Daimler, Maybach, Diesel, Benz da sauransu da yawa - ya kawo wani sabon abu, godiya ga wanda sunayen mutane da yawa suna. dawwama a cikin sunayen shahararrun kamfanonin kera motoci.

Injunan konewa na ciki sun yi nisa daga ci gaba daga hayaki da sau da yawa karyewa injuna na zamani zuwa injunan biturbo na zamani, amma ka'idar aikin su ya kasance iri ɗaya - zafin konewar mai yana canzawa zuwa makamashin injina.

Ana amfani da sunan "injin konewa na ciki" saboda man yana ƙonewa a tsakiyar injin, kuma ba a waje ba, kamar yadda a cikin injunan konewa na waje - injin tururi da injin tururi.

Godiya ga wannan, injunan konewa na ciki sun sami halaye masu kyau da yawa:

• sun zama mafi sauƙi kuma sun fi tattalin arziki;
• ya zama mai yiwuwa a kawar da ƙarin raka'a don canja wurin makamashin konewar man fetur ko tururi zuwa sassan aiki na injin;
• man fetur don injunan konewa na ciki yana da ƙayyadaddun sigogi kuma yana ba ku damar samun ƙarin makamashi wanda za'a iya canza shi zuwa aiki mai amfani.

Na'urar ICE

Ba tare da la'akari da abin da injin ke gudana ba - man fetur, dizal, propane-butane ko man fetur na eco-fuel dangane da mai - babban abu mai aiki shine piston, wanda ke cikin silinda. Fistan yana kama da gilashin ƙarfe da aka juyar da shi (kwatancen gilashin wuski ya fi dacewa - tare da kauri mai kauri da bango madaidaiciya), silinda kuma yana kama da ƙaramin bututu a ciki wanda fistan ke shiga.

A cikin babban lebur na fistan akwai ɗakin konewa - hutun zagaye, a ciki ne cakuda man iska ya shiga ya fashe a nan, yana saita fistan a motsi. Ana watsa wannan motsi zuwa crankshaft ta amfani da sanduna masu haɗawa. Babban ɓangaren igiyoyi masu haɗawa an haɗa shi da piston tare da taimakon fitin fistan, wanda aka saka a cikin ramuka biyu a gefen piston, kuma ƙananan ɓangaren an haɗa shi zuwa jarida mai haɗawa na crankshaft.

Injin konewa na farko na cikin gida yana da fistan guda ɗaya kawai, amma wannan ya isa ya haɓaka ƙarfin ƙarfin dawakai da yawa.

A zamanin yau, ana kuma amfani da injuna masu piston guda ɗaya, misali, fara injuna don tarakta, waɗanda ke aiki azaman farawa. Duk da haka, injunan 2, 3, 4, 6 da 8-cylinder sun fi yawa, kodayake an samar da injunan da ke da silinda 16 ko fiye.

Pistons da cylinders suna cikin tubalin silinda. Daga yadda silinda ke samuwa dangane da juna da sauran abubuwan injin, ana rarrabe nau'ikan injunan konewa da yawa:

• in-line - cylinders an shirya su a jere daya;
• Siffar V - Silinda suna gaban juna a kusurwa, a cikin sashin suna kama da harafin "V";
• U-dimbin yawa - injunan layi guda biyu masu haɗin gwiwa;
• Siffar X - injunan ƙonewa na ciki tare da tagwayen tubalan V-dimbin yawa;
• dan dambe - kwana tsakanin silinda tubalan ne 180 digiri;
• W-dimbin yawa 12-Silinda - uku ko hudu layuka na cylinders shigar a cikin siffar harafin "W";
• injunan radial - ana amfani da su a cikin jirgin sama, pistons suna cikin radial biams a kusa da crankshaft.

Wani muhimmin abu na injin shine crankshaft, wanda aka watsa motsin motsi na piston, crankshaft yana canza shi zuwa juyawa.

Lokacin da aka nuna saurin injin akan tachometer, wannan shine ainihin adadin jujjuyawar crankshaft a cikin minti daya, wato yana jujjuyawa a gudun 2000 rpm ko da mafi ƙarancin gudu. A daya hannun, crankshaft yana da alaka da flywheel, daga abin da ake ciyar da juyawa ta hanyar clutch zuwa gearbox, a daya hannun, crankshaft pulley da aka haɗa zuwa janareta da gas rarraba inji ta hanyar bel drive. A cikin ƙarin motoci na zamani, ƙwanƙolin ƙwanƙwasa yana haɗawa da na'urorin sanyaya iska da injin tuƙi.

Ana ba da mai ga injin ta hanyar carburetor ko injector. Injunan konewa na ciki na Carburetor sun riga sun zama waɗanda ba a daina aiki ba saboda ƙarancin ƙira. A cikin irin waɗannan injunan konewa na ciki, ana samun ci gaba da kwararar man fetur ta hanyar carburetor, sannan a gauraya mai a cikin nau'ikan abubuwan da ake amfani da shi a kuma ciyar da shi cikin ɗakunan konewa na pistons, inda ya tashi a ƙarƙashin aikin wutar lantarki.

A cikin injunan allura kai tsaye, man yana haɗe da iska a cikin toshewar silinda, inda ake ba da tartsatsi daga filogi.

Tsarin rarraba iskar gas yana da alhakin gudanar da aikin haɗin gwiwar tsarin bawul. Bawul ɗin da ake amfani da su suna tabbatar da kwararar cakudar man iska a kan lokaci, kuma ƙwanƙolin ƙonawa suna da alhakin cire kayan konewa. Kamar yadda muka rubuta a baya, ana amfani da irin wannan tsarin a cikin injunan bugun jini guda hudu, yayin da a cikin injunan bugun jini guda biyu babu buƙatar bawul.

Wannan bidiyon yana nuna yadda injin konewa na ciki ke aiki, irin ayyukan da yake yi da kuma yadda yake yinsa.

Na'urar konewa na ciki mai bugun bugun jini

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