Motocin babur da kuma motocin “kamar babur”.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, mashahuran lantarki da masu motsa jiki sun karu, amma tushen wannan ƙirƙira za a iya komawa zuwa akalla farkon karni na XNUMX. 

♦ karni na XIX - Ba a danganta bayyanar da babur da wani sabon fasaha. An san ƙafar ƙafar shekaru dubbai, kuma ba shi da wuya a sami guntu na allo, ko da talauci ya yi muni. A karni na sha tara, motocin masu tafiya a kafa sun samu karbuwa cikin sauri a tsakanin yara a yankunan karkarar birane. Scooters na farko a cikin ma'anar kalmar ta zamani sun bayyana a ƙarshen karni na XNUMX a cikin ƙasashe da yawa, ciki har da Ingila, Jamus da Amurka. Duk da haka, ba a bayyana gaba ɗaya wanda kuma a ina ya gina babur na farko a cikin sigar da muka san shi a yau.

♦ 1817 – A ranar 12 ga watan Yuni a Mannheim, mai zanen Jamus kuma mai ƙirƙira Karl Freiherr Drais von Sauerbronn ya gabatar da abin hawa na ƙirarsa, mai tunawa da keke (1), wanda wasu a yau suke ganin babur na farko. Wannan ƙirƙirar ta sha bamban da sigar zamani ta yadda mai amfani ba zai iya tsayawa ba, sai dai ya zauna cikin kwanciyar hankali ya ture ƙafafu biyu. Duk da haka, abokan ciniki na lokacin ba su yaba da zane ba. Don haka mai zanen ya sayar da motarsa ​​a gwanjon maki 5 kacal kuma ya dauki wasu ayyuka.

1. Abin hawan Karl Freiherr Drais von Sauerbronn

♦ 1897 - Walter Lines, ɗan shekaru XNUMX daga Burtaniya, ya ƙirƙiri babur na farko da aka yi kama da samfuran zamani. Mahaifin yaron bai ba da izinin ƙirƙira ba, amma hakan ya faru ne kawai don bai yi tsammanin abin wasan yara zai shahara ba. Koyaya, ƙirar Walter ce ta tabbatar da kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin motocin farko don haɗa fa'idodin farashi mai araha tare da tashar wutar lantarki ta muhalli. Wanda ya kirkiro da kansa ya fara aiki a kamfanin mahaifinsa, sannan, tare da 'yan uwansa William da Arthur, sun kafa kamfanin wasan kwaikwayo na Lines Bros (2).

2. Tallan samfuran Lines Bros.

♦ 1916 - Motoci sun bayyana a kan titunan New York (3) wanda The Autoped ya kera a Long Island City. Waɗannan motocin sun fi ɗorewa da kwanciyar hankali fiye da masu harbin harbi kuma suna da injin konewa na ciki. Mai tsara su Arthur Hugo Cecil Gibson ya kasance yana aiki tun 1909 akan injin haske da ƙaramin injin jirgin sama. A cikin 1915, ya riga ya sami takardar izini don injin mai sanyaya iska mai nauyin 155cc hudu. cm, kuma bayan shekara guda ya ba da izini ga wata mota mara nauyi mai nauyi da wannan injin.

3. Dama jadacha oda mai zaman kanta

Motar ta ƙunshi wani dandali, ƙafafu fiye da faɗin 25 cm da ginshiƙin tuƙi, wanda ya ba da damar sarrafa motar da sarrafa injin da ke sama da motar gaba. Tura sandar tie din gaba ya sa clutch din, yayin da yake ja da baya ya cire clutch din sannan ya taka birki. Bugu da ƙari, tsarin haɗin gwiwar ya ba da damar kashe man fetur ga injin. Rukunin sitiyarin nadawa ya kamata ya sauƙaƙa adana motar. Mai sarrafa kansa ya haɓaka matsakaicin saurin 32 km/h. An fi amfani da shi ta hanyar ma'aikatan gidan waya da ƴan sandar hanya. Kodayake an tallata shi azaman abin hawa mai dacewa ga likitoci da manyan yara, ya ƙare yana da tsada sosai kuma abin da Amurka ke samarwa ya ƙare a 1921. A shekara mai zuwa, an daina samar da wannan samfurin a Jamus.

♦ 1921 – Injiniya dan kasar Austria. Karl Schuber ya ƙera injin silinda guda biyu don masu sikandire, tare da kunna wuta, mai ƙarfin 1 hp. a gudun 3 km/h. rpm An gina shi ne a gaban motar gaba, wanda, tare da sitiyari da tankin mai, sun samar da cikakkiyar tashar wutar lantarki don shigar da babur da kekunan Austro Motorette. Duk da haka, tuƙi ya zama abin dogaro kamar yadda Arthur Gibson ya ƙirƙira. An daina samarwa a cikin 30s.

♦ 50s – Kasuwar tana mamaye injin konewa na ciki tare da wurin zama mai daɗi. Lokacin da, a cikin 1953, hoton Audrey Hepburn da Gregory Peck a kan wani kamfanin Italiya Vespa Scooter ya bayyana akan fastocin tallata fim ɗin Roman Holiday, sha'awar motocin da ba su da sauri ya kai kololuwa. Kodayake samfurin Vespa daga fim ɗin yana bayyane ne kawai akan allon don 'yan mintoci kaɗan, ya sayar da kwafin 100. kwafi. Komai ya nuna cewa ƙarshen babur ya lalace. Koyaya, masu amfani da matasa sun sami sabon ra'ayi don waɗannan motocin. Suka zare mashinan daga babur ɗinsu suka hau kan madaidaicin jirgi. Wannan shi ne yadda aka ƙirƙira samfuran skateboard.

4. Old Skateboard Makaha

♦ 1963 "Masu masana'antu sun fara ba da samfuran da nufin haɓaka yawan masu sha'awar sabon wasannin motsa jiki na skateboarding na birane. Ya zuwa yanzu, waɗannan sun kasance masu ɗanyen ƙira. Skateboards har yanzu suna da ƙafafun ƙarfe, wanda ya sa su zama masu ban tsoro da haɗari don hawan. Clay Composite Makaha Skateboard Wheels (4) sun ba da tafiya mai laushi, amma sun gaji da sauri kuma har yanzu ba su da lafiya sosai saboda rashin ƙarfi.

♦ 1973 - Dan wasan Amurka Frank Nasworthy (5) da aka ba da ƙafafun da aka yi da filastik - polyurethane, waɗanda suke da sauri, shiru da damuwa. A shekara mai zuwa, Richard Novak ya inganta bearings. Na'urar Rider na sabuwar hanyar da aka hatimi tana tsayayya da gurɓatawa kamar yashi don tafiya mai sauri. Haɗin ingantattun ƙafafu na polyurethane da madaidaicin bearings sun mai da duka babur da skateboards zuwa abubuwan sha'awa da dacewa da jigilar birni - shiru, santsi da abin dogaro.

5. Frank Nasworthy tare da rivet polyurethane

♦ 1974 Honda ya ƙaddamar da babur Kick'n Go mai ƙafa uku a Amurka da Japan (6) tare da sabon tuƙi. Ana iya siyan motoci kawai a dillalan wannan alamar, kuma ra'ayin ya samo asali ne daga buƙatun talla. Gudanar da Honda ya gane cewa ga yara da suka zo dillalan motoci tare da iyayensu, yana da daraja samun samfur na musamman. Tunanin Kick'n Go ya fito ne daga gasar Honda ta ciki.

6. Kick 'n Go babur daga Honda

Hawa irin wannan babur ba game da turawa ƙasa da ƙafa ba. Dole ne mai amfani ya danna mashaya akan motar baya tare da ƙafar su, wanda ya tayar da sarkar kuma ya saita ƙafafun a motsi. Kick'n Go yana ba ku damar yin motsi da sauri fiye da sanannun motoci iri ɗaya. Akwai nau'i uku: na yara da biyu na matasa da manya. An ba da kowane samfurin a ja, azurfa, rawaya ko shuɗi. Godiya ga ainihin Kick'n Go drive, sun kasance babbar nasara. Sai dai an kwashe babur din daga kasuwa bayan shekaru biyu sakamakon hadurran da suka shafi yara. An yi tunanin sun yi sauri ga yara ƙanana su tashi da kansu.

♦ 1985 - Go-Ped Scooters sun fara cin nasara a kasuwa (7), wani karamin kamfani mallakar dangi ne a California. Suna da gini mafi nauyi da manyan ƙafafun roba don tafiya mai santsi. Siffofin farko Steve Patmont ne ya yi wa kansa da abokansa - ya kamata su sauƙaƙa saurin kewaya biranen da ke cike da cunkoso. Lokacin da ƙaramin ɗan kasuwa ya ba da izinin Go-Ped, mai yiwuwa bai yi tsammanin ƙirarsa za ta yi nasara ba.

7. Daya daga cikin Go-Ped babur model.

Patmont ya kawo sauyi ga tsarin dakatarwa tare da haƙƙin mallaka na Cantilever Independent Dynamic Linkless Suspension (CIDLI). Wannan tsarin dakatarwa mai sauƙi kuma mai matuƙar inganci tare da jujjuya makamai da dakatarwar gaba da baya mai ƙarfi yana tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na tuƙi. Mai zanen ya kuma kula da firam mai karfi da nauyi, wanda aka yi da karfen karfen jirgin sama. Samfurin injin konewa an samo asali ne, amma tun 2003 ana samun samfuran tutocin lantarki masu natsuwa da muhalli, sanye da gogaggen injin DC mai gogaggen radiyon Electro Head mai iya gudu sama da 20 km/h.

♦ 90s – Injiniya Gino Tsai (8) ya ƙaddamar da babur Razor. Kamar yadda ya bayyana daga baya, yana cikin sauri a ko'ina, don haka ya yanke shawarar haɓaka ƙaramin babur mai ƙarfi da ƙafa don samun damar yin sauri. An gina Razor daga aluminum mai daraja ta jirgin sama tare da ƙafafu na polyurethane da madaidaicin madaurin hannu. Wani sabon abu shi ne reshen baya, a kan taka wanda motar baya ta birki. Bugu da kari, babur yana da kyan gani, farashin tattalin arziki. A cikin 2000 kadai, an sayar da Razor miliyan. A cikin 2003, kamfanin ya ba abokan ciniki nasa babur lantarki.

8. Jino Tsai tare da babur Razor

♦ 1994 – Dan wasan Finnish Hannu Vierikko yana kera babur wanda ya kamata ya yi kama da zanen keke. bike (9) a zahiri ya yi kama da keke, mai ƙafa ɗaya ya fi girma, ɗayan kuma ɗan ƙarami, kuma tare da mataki na mai keke maimakon feda da sarƙoƙi. Da farko, ya kamata kawai a sauƙaƙe horar da wasanni - ba tare da ciwon haɗin gwiwa ba kuma mafi inganci fiye da hawan keke. Duk da haka, ya juya cewa motar tana da babban nasara a kasuwar duniya. Hannu Vierikko Scooters sun lashe tseren bazara da na hunturu kuma alamar Kickbike tana sayar da guda 5. wadannan motoci duk shekara.

♦ 2001 - Segway farko (10), wani sabon nau'in abin hawa mai kujeru ɗaya wanda Ba'amurke Dean Kamen ya ƙirƙira. Kafofin yada labarai sun sanar da bayyanar wannan motar da babbar murya, kuma aikin ya samu yabo daga Steve Jobs, Jeff Bezos da John Doerr. Segway sabon ra'ayi ne don motar birni mai sauri kuma mai dacewa da muhalli tare da rikitarwa wanda ba ya misaltuwa da na babur na gargajiya. Ita ce motar lantarki ta farko mai kafa biyu mai daidaita kai tare da fasahar tabbatar da ƙwaƙƙwaran haƙƙin mallaka. A mafi mahimmancin sigar sa, ya ƙunshi saitin na'urori masu auna firikwensin, tsarin sarrafawa, da tsarin injin. Babban tsarin jijiya ya ƙunshi gyroscopes. Giroscope na al'ada zai kasance mai girma da wahalar kiyayewa a cikin wannan nau'in abin hawa, don haka an yi amfani da firikwensin ƙimar kuɗaɗen siliki na musamman.

Wannan nau'in gyroscope yana gano jujjuyawar abu ta amfani da tasirin Coriolis da aka yi amfani da shi akan ƙaramin ma'auni. Bugu da ƙari, an shigar da firikwensin karkatar da hankali biyu, cike da ruwa na electrolyte. Tsarin gyroscopic yana ciyar da bayanai zuwa kwamfuta, allunan da'ira guda biyu da aka buga na na'urar sarrafa lantarki mai ɗauke da gungu na microprocessors wanda ke sa ido kan duk bayanan kwanciyar hankali da daidaita saurin injinan lantarki da yawa daidai da haka. Motocin lantarki, masu ƙarfi ta hanyar nau'in nickel-metal hydride ko baturan lithium-ion, suna iya jujjuya kowace dabaran da kanta a wani gudu daban. Abin takaici, motoci ba su sami kulawar da ya dace daga masu amfani ba. Tuni a cikin 2002, an sayar da akalla raka'a 50, yayin da kawai 6 ya sami sababbin masu mallakar. ababan hawa, galibi tsakanin jami’an ‘yan sanda, ma’aikatan sansanonin soji, masana’antu da ma’aikatu. Duk da haka, zanen da aka gabatar ya zama wani muhimmin mataki, wanda ya share fage ga guguwar motoci masu daidaita kansu da suka riga sun mamaye kasuwa cikin shekaru goma, kamar alluna ko babura.

♦ 2005 – Zamanin injinan lantarki na zamani ya fara. Samfuran EVO Powerboards sun sami farin jini na farko. Maƙerin ya ƙaddamar da sabon tsarin tuƙi mai sauri biyu. Akwatin gear ya haɗu da aminci da ƙarfin abin tuƙi tare da juzu'in tuƙi mai sauri biyu.

♦ 2008 - Swiss Wim Obother, mai ƙirƙira kuma mai tsara Micro Mobility Systems, ya ƙirƙira Micro Luggage II, babur da aka haɗa da akwati. Akwatin da ke ɗauke da duk abin da kuke buƙata za a iya adana shi, alal misali, a cikin ɗakunan kaya na jirgin sama. Kuna iya ja shi tare da tayoyin, amma yana ɗaukar motsi ɗaya kawai don buɗe babur kuma ku tafi tsere da kayanku. Dalilin gina ta shi ne kasala - an ce Ouboter ya yi nisa da kantin sanwici don zuwa wurin, amma ya kusa tada motar ko kuma ya fitar da babur daga garejin. Ya ɗauki babur a matsayin mafi kyawun hanyar sufuri. An yaba da ra'ayin kuma a cikin 2010 ya sami lambar yabo a gasar zane-zane ta duniya "Red Dot Design Award".

♦ 2009 Go-Ped ya ƙaddamar da babur ɗin sa na farko mai cikakken ƙarfin propane, GSR Pro-Ped. Injin propane mai bugun bugun jini 25cc3 LEHR 21 ne ya yi ƙarfinsa. Motar na iya kaiwa gudun har zuwa XNUMX km/h kuma matsakaicin lokacin tuƙi shine sa'a ɗaya. Fasahar injin propane ta LEHR ta sami lambar yabo ta Kariyar Kariya ta EPA.

♦ 2009 – Reza yana gabatar da babur mai salo. PowerWing (11) yayi kama da babur, amma yana buƙatar mahayin ya daidaita jikinsu, kamar skateboarding. Wannan abin hawa mai ƙafafu uku yana motsawa daga gefe zuwa gefe, yana tsallakewa gefe kuma yana juya digiri 360. Tayoyin camber biyu suna ba ku damar juyawa, nitsewa da haɓaka ba tare da turawa ƙasa ba.

♦ 2011 – Andrzej Sobolevski daga Toruń da iyalinsa sun ƙirƙiro Torqway, dandalin koyon hawa. Iyalin Sobolevsky ba su ɓoye gaskiyar cewa sun yi farin ciki da Segway ba, amma farashin ya hana sayan. Don haka sai suka kera motarsu suka ba da hakki. Torqway yayi kama da Segway, amma hawa wannan dandali motsa jiki ne na jiki. Zane yana motsawa godiya ga levers guda biyu waɗanda suka saita ƙarfin ƙarfin tsokoki na hannaye. Wannan ingantacciyar hanyar tuƙi tana ba ku damar jujjuya motsin motsi na lefa zuwa motsi na jujjuyawar ƙafafun ba tare da asarar kuzarin da ba dole ba (an kawar da abin da ake kira idling). Ƙarin injin lantarki yana ba ku damar daidaita matakin ƙarfi zuwa abubuwan da mai amfani ke so godiya ga yanayin tuƙi guda uku. Ana ba da kwanciyar hankali na dandamali ba ta gyroscopes ba, amma ta ƙarin, ƙananan ƙafafun. Torqway na iya tafiya da gudun kilomita 12/h.

♦ 2018 - Farkon mafi kyawun babur lantarki - NanRobot D4+. An sanye shi da injinan 1000W guda biyu da baturin lithium-ion 52V 23Ah. Wannan tsarin mai ƙarfi yana ba da damar babban gudun kusan 65 km / h tare da babban kewayon fiye da 70 km. Hanyoyin saurin gudu guda biyu, Eco da Turbo, suna tabbatar da cewa saurin ya dace da yanayi da ƙwarewar direba.