Sojojin Romania a yakin Odessa a 1941.

Dangane da tabarbarewar al'amura a yankin kudancin kasar, babbar hukumar Tarayyar Soviet ta yanke shawarar ficewa daga birnin Odessa domin yin amfani da sojojin da aka jibge wajen karfafa tsaron yankin Crimea da Sevastopol. A cikin hoton: sojojin Romania sun shiga birnin.

Lokacin da Jamus ta mamaye Tarayyar Soviet a ranar 22 ga Yuni, 1941 (Operation Barbarossa), daya daga cikin sojojin kawance na farko wanda, tare da Wehrmacht, suka shiga cikin Tarayyar Soviet, shine sojojin Romania.

A cikin Satumba 1939, Romania ta kasance tsaka tsaki a fuskar Jamus da Tarayyar Soviet na mamaye Poland. To sai dai kuma a hankali Jamus ta mamaye wannan kasa ta fuskar tattalin arziki da siyasa, ta hanyar amfani da kungiyar fasistist Iron Guard karkashin jagorancin Horia Sim, ta makauniyar karkata zuwa ga Reich na Uku da shugabanta Adolf Hitler. Ayyukan Jamus sun sami ƙasa mai albarka yayin da Romania ke ƙara fuskantar barazanar Tarayyar Soviet. USSR, aiwatar da tanadi na Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact na Agusta 1939, ya tilasta Romania don canja wurin Bessarabia da Northern Bukovina a watan Yuni 1940. A watan Yuli, Romania ta janye daga Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Duniya. Wani abin da ke faruwa a kasar shi ne kawayenta na gaba a lokacin da Jamus da Italiya suka kara nuna goyon baya ga manufofin Hungarian, lamarin da ya tilastawa gwamnatin Romania mika wani yanki na Romania ga Hungary. A matsayin wani ɓangare na hukuncin Vienna na Agusta 30, 1940, Maramures, Krishna da arewacin Transylvania (43 km²) an tura su zuwa Hungary. A watan Satumba, Romania ta mika Kudancin Dobruja zuwa Bulgaria. Sarki Charles II bai ceci gwamnatin Firayim Minista J. Gigurt ba kuma a ranar 500 ga Satumba, 4, Janar Ion Antonescu ya zama shugaban gwamnati, kuma Horia Sima ya zama mataimakin firayim minista. A sakamakon matsin lamba daga sabuwar gwamnati da ra'ayin jama'a, sarkin ya yi murabus don goyon bayan dansa Michael I. A ranar 1940 ga Nuwamba, Romania ta amince da yarjejeniyar Anti-Comintern kuma ta ki amincewa da lamuni na Birtaniya, wanda ya kasance abin kunya. Jami’an tsaron Iron suna shirya wani juyin mulki domin kwace mulki. An gano makircin, an kama wadanda suka hada baki ko, kamar Horia Sima, sun gudu zuwa Jamus. An yi yaƙe-yaƙe na yau da kullun tsakanin sojojin Romania da ƙungiyoyin runduna; Mutane 23 ne suka mutu, ciki har da sojoji 2500. An kawar da rundunar Iron Guard daga mulki a watan Janairun 490, amma magoya bayansa da membobinsa ba su bace ba kuma har yanzu suna samun gagarumin tallafi musamman a cikin sojoji. An sake fasalin gwamnati, karkashin jagorancin Janar Antonescu, wanda ya dauki lakabin "Conducator" - babban kwamandan al'ummar Romania.

A ranar 17 ga Satumba, 1940, Antonescu ya nemi taimako wajen sake tsarawa da horar da sojojin Jamus. Tawagar sojojin Jamus ta isa a hukumance a ranar 12 ga Oktoba; ta ƙunshi mutane 22, ciki har da sojoji 430. Daga cikin su har da na'urorin kakkabo jiragen sama, wadanda aka aike da su musamman wuraren mai da ke Ploiesti da aikin kare su daga hare-haren da jiragen saman Birtaniya za su iya kaiwa. Rukunan farko na Wehrmacht sun isa nan da nan bayan sassan horarwa da kwararrun aikin soja. Rukunin Panzer na 17 kuma ya zama dole su kare wuraren mai. Rukunin Panzer na 561 ya isa tsakiyar Disamba 13, kuma a cikin bazara na 6, an kammala canja wurin sassan sojojin 1940 zuwa yankin Romania. Kashi biyu bisa uku na sojojin Jamus na 1941 da aka kafa a ƙasar Romania, sun ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin sojojin ƙasa da na mahaya dawakai na Romania. Don haka, sojojin kawance sun kafa wani bangare mai matukar muhimmanci na Rukunin Sojoji na Kudu, duk da munanan ra'ayoyin da Hitler ya bayyana a ranar 11 ga Maris, 11 a wani taro da janar-janar: 'yan Romawa malalaci ne, masu cin hanci da rashawa; wannan rubewar tarbiyya ce. (…) Sojojinsu ana amfani da su ne kawai a lokacin da manyan koguna suka raba su daga fagen fama, amma ko a lokacin ba su da aminci.

A farkon rabin watan Mayun 1941, Hitler da Antonescu sun hadu a karo na uku a gaban Joachim von Ribbentrop, ministan harkokin wajen Jamus. Bisa labarin shugaban Romania a 1946, a wannan taron ne muka yanke shawara tare don mu kai hari ga Tarayyar Soviet. Hitler ya sanar da cewa bayan kammala shirye-shirye, za a fara aikin ba zato ba tsammani a kan iyakar Bahar Black zuwa Tekun Baltic. Ya kamata Romania ta mayar da yankunan da aka rasa ga USSR kuma ta sami 'yancin gudanar da yankunan har zuwa Dnieper.

Sojojin Romania a jajibirin yakin

A lokacin, shirye-shiryen da sojojin Romania suka yi don mamayewa ya riga ya ci gaba. A karkashin jagorancin Jamus, an horar da ƙungiyoyin sojoji uku, waɗanda za su zama abin koyi ga sauran, kuma an fara samar da rukunin tankuna. Har ila yau Romania ta fara baiwa sojojin da makamai na zamani musamman na Faransa da aka kama. Sai dai a mahangar muhimman shirye-shiryen soji, mafi muhimmanci shi ne yadda aka ba da umarnin kara yawan sojoji daga sassa 26 zuwa 40. Har ila yau, karuwar tasirin Jamus ya bayyana a cikin tsarin tsarin rundunar; an fi ganin wannan a cikin rabo. Sun haɗa da rundunonin sojoji uku, manyan bindigogi biyu (bindigogi 52-75mm da 100-mm howitzers), ƙungiyar leƙen asiri (wani ɓangaren injiniyoyi), bataliyar sappers da sadarwa. Rundunar ta ƙunshi sojoji da hafsoshi 17. Rundunar sojojin ƙasa na iya samun nasarar aiwatar da ayyukan tsaro tare da bataliyoyin soja guda uku (kamfanonin sojan ƙasa guda uku, kamfanin sarrafa bindigogi, rundunar sojan doki, da kamfanin tallafi mai ɗauke da bindigogin rigakafin tanka 500-mm guda shida). Kamfanin na anti-tankin yana dauke da bindigogi 37 12mm. An kuma kafa rundunonin tsaunuka huɗu (daga baya suka koma ƙungiyoyi) don samar da gawawwakin tsaunuka waɗanda aka tsara don yin yaƙi cikin mawuyacin yanayi a cikin tsaunuka. Bataliyoyin na 47 zuwa na 1 sun yi atisaye da kansu, yayin da bataliyoyin na 24 zuwa 25 suka samu horo kan wasan kankara. Rundunar tsaunin (jami'ai 26 da maza) sun ƙunshi rundunonin bindigu guda biyu na bataliyar tsaunin tsaunuka da bataliyar leken asiri, na wani ɗan lokaci da wani rundunan bindigu (bindigogin dutse 12 na 24 mm da 75 mm haitzer da 100 anti-tank bindigogi na 12 mm). , ta amfani da fakitin gogayya.

Sojojin dawakan sun kasance wani gagarumin runduna, inda suka samar da rundunar sojan doki mai birgede shida. Wani ɓangare na rundunonin sojan doki 25 an haɗa shi da ƙungiyoyin bincike na ƙungiyoyin sojojin. An shirya rundunonin sojan doki guda shida: 1st, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th and 9th, wanda ya kunshi hamshakan attajirai da suka wajaba su yi biyayya ga sashin da ... dokinsu. A shekara ta 1941, sojojin dawakai (6500 jami'ai da maza) sun ƙunshi rundunonin sojan doki guda biyu, da motar motsa jiki, ƙungiyar leƙen asiri, rukunin manyan bindigogi, wani kamfani na anti-tanki mai bindigogi 47 mm, da kamfanin sapper.