British Strategic Aviation har zuwa 1945 part 1
Sigar samarwa ta farko Wellington - Mk IA. An hana wadannan masu tayar da bama-bamai wuraren harbi da iska, wanda matukan jirgin yakin Jamus suka yi amfani da shi ba tare da tausayi ba a lokacin yakin kare a karshen shekara ta 1939.
Ƙirƙirar jirgin sama mai dabara ta Biritaniya ya kasance ta hanyar ƙwaƙƙwaran ra'ayoyi na warware rikicin kai tsaye da kuma wargaza rigingimun yaƙin maɓalli. Yaƙin Duniya na farko bai ƙyale a gwada waɗannan ƙwaƙƙwaran ra'ayoyin ba, don haka a cikin shekaru tsakanin yaƙi da rikice-rikice na duniya na gaba, masu hangen nesa da "baron" na jirgin sama na dabarun ci gaba da ƙoƙarin tabbatar da cewa su ne manyan makami masu ƙarfin juyin juya hali. Labarin ya gabatar da tarihin waɗannan ayyuka masu ban sha'awa.
A lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya, ayyukan jiragen sama sun zama sabon salon yaƙi. Shekaru fiye da goma sun wuce daga farkon nasarar jirgin na Wright 'yan'uwa zuwa farkon yakin, da kuma shekaru uku daga lokacin da sojojin saman Italiya suka fara jefa bam a lokacin yakin Italiya-Turkish a 1911. Ya kasance a fili cewa jirgin sama, tare da irin wannan babban sauye-sauye, ya kamata ya kasance mai ban sha'awa ga masana falsafa da masu hangen nesa, wadanda kusan tun daga farkonsu suka yi shirye-shirye masu mahimmanci - da kuma sojojin da kansu, wanda ya sa ran kadan daga jiragen sama da na jirgin sama. Amma bari mu fara daga farkon.
Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya: tushe da tushen koyarwar
Harin farko da RAF, wato Royal Naval Air Service, ya faru ne a ranar 8 ga Oktoba, 1914, lokacin da motocin da suka tashi daga Antwerp suka yi nasarar jefa bama-bamai a kan rataya jiragen saman Jamus da ke Düsseldorf da bama-bamai masu nauyin kilo 20 na Hales. Ana iya zaton cewa wadannan su ne hare-haren jiragen sama na farko na dabara, tun da dai ba a kai su ga sojojin da ke fagen daga ba ne, a'a suna nufin mayar da yakin zuwa tsakiyar yankin makiya. A wancan lokacin babu masu kai harin bama-bamai - yanayin jirgin an ƙaddara ta hanyar aikace-aikacen, ba ta kayan aiki ba; an jefa bama-bamai da hannu da kuma “da ido”, saboda ba a iya ganin bama-bamai. Duk da haka, riga a wannan mataki na farko a cikin ci gaban soja jirgin sama, da farar hula samu wani dandano na iska hare-hare, kuma ko da yake Jamus airships da jirgin sama, wanda sporadically bayyana a kan Ingila daga Janairu 1915, bai haifar da babban abu lalacewa, da halin kirki sakamako. ya kasance mai girma da rashin daidaituwa tare da lalacewa. Koyaya, irin waɗannan halayen ba abin mamaki bane. Fadowa daga iska, mai iya baiwa mutum mamaki ko da a cikin gadonsa da ake ganin ba shi da lafiya, wani sabon al'amari ne kwata-kwata a cikin al'ummar da ta taso cikin ruhin yakin mazaje; Sakamakon ya kara tsanantawa da cikakken bazuwar irin waɗannan abubuwan - kowa, har ma da sarki, zai iya zama wanda aka azabtar da shi, da kuma rashin tasiri na farko na matakan tsaro. A cikin marigayi bazara na 1917, Jamus bama-bamai squadrons fara bayyana da rana ko da a kan London kanta, da kuma kokarin da masu kare ya fara a banza - alal misali, a ranar 13 ga Yuni, 1917, tunkude wani harin iska na Gotha 21. 14 daga cikinsu sun nufi babban birnin kasar, sun tashi jirage 92 da suka gaza 1. Jama'a sun damu matuka kuma hukumomin Birtaniyya sun mayar da martani. An sake tsarawa da kuma karfafa dakarun tsaro, wanda hakan ya tilastawa Jamusawa kai hare-hare ta sama da daddare, kuma aka dorawa alhakin samar da nasu sojojin sama masu irin wannan hali domin kai hari a sansanin masana'antu na Jamus; Nufin daukar fansa shima ya taka rawar gani a nan.
Tabbas duk wannan ya dauki hankula; Birtaniyya sun ga kansu cewa wannan sabuwar hanyar yaki na da matukar fa'ida - har ma da kananan balaguro na masu tayar da bama-bamai ko jirage masu saukar ungulu na jiragen sama sun kai ga sanar da kai farmaki ta sama, dakatar da aiki a masana'antu, tsananin damuwa na yawan jama'a, da kuma wani lokacin kayan aiki. hasara. Abin da ya kara da cewa shi ne sha’awar karya takun saka a cikin Yakin Trench, wanda ya kasance sabo da ban mamaki; sun sami karfafuwa da rashin taimako na kwamandojin sojojin kasa, wadanda kusan shekaru uku ba su iya canza yanayin wannan gwagwarmaya ba. Sojojin sama, kamar yadda suke, sun ba da wani zaɓi na juyin juya hali a cikin wannan yanayi - fatattakar abokan gaba ba ta hanyar kawar da "mantakarsa" ba, amma ta hanyar yin amfani da cibiyar masana'antu da ke samar da shi da kuma samar masa da hanyoyin yaki. Wani bincike na wannan ra'ayi ya nuna wani abu mai mahimmanci wanda ke da alaƙa da dabarun ayyukan iska - batun ta'addancin iska da tasirinsa a kan halin ɗabi'a na farar hula, waɗanda suka yi aiki tare da cikakkiyar sadaukarwa tare da haɓaka aiki a ƙasarsu don ba da damar sojoji su ci gaba da yaƙi a cikin ƙasarsu. layin gaba. Ko da yake a hukumance dukkanin bangarorin biyu na fadan cewa wuraren da suke kai hare-hare ta sama a kan kasar makiya hari ne na soji kawai, amma a aikace kowa ya san tasirin tashin bama-bamai ga al'umma.
