Gyaran sandar haɗawa da kayan piston

Babban lahani na sassan sandar haɗawa da kayan piston ana nuna su a hoto na 64.

Shinkafa 64. Matsaloli masu yuwuwa a cikin sassan haɗin haɗin gwiwa da kayan piston.

A) - adibas na soot, coke, tar;

B) - rashin ƙarfi;

B) - sawa na ramukan don yatsunsu a cikin fistan;

D) - lalacewa na waje na zobba;

D) - sawa na zobba a tsayi;

E) - sa yatsu a waje;

D) - lalacewa na hannun waje na sandar haɗi;

H) - lalacewa na bushing a cikin sandar haɗi;

I) - Lankwasawa da tarkace sandar haɗi;

K) - lalacewa na ciki na ƙananan kai na sandar haɗi;

L) - sawa a gefen waje na rufi;

M) - lalacewa na jarida mai haɗawa;

H) - Babban lalacewa na wuyansa;

O) - sawa na gefen ciki na rufi;

P) - Rushewar shigar da eriya mai hawa;

P) - Ragewa da lalata zaren igiyoyin igiyoyi masu haɗawa;

C) - Haɗin samfuran lalacewa.

Ana dawo da fil ɗin piston ta hanyar faɗaɗa sanyi (nakasar filastik) sannan ta hanyar magani mai zafi, haɓakar hydrothermal tare da jiyya mai zafi na lokaci ɗaya, hanyoyin lantarki (chromium plating, ƙarfe mai ƙarfi). Bayan maidowa, ana sarrafa fil ɗin piston akan injunan niƙa maras tsakiya kuma ana goge su zuwa girman al'ada, yayin da ƙarancin saman ya kai Ra = 0,16-0,32 microns.

Yayin rarraba wutar lantarki, HDTV yana dumama yatsa a cikin inductor zuwa zafin jiki na 790-830 digiri Celsius, sannan ya sanyaya shi da ruwan gudu, yana wucewa ta cikin rami na ciki. A wannan yanayin, yatsa ya taurare, tsayinsa da diamita na waje ya karu daga 0,08 zuwa 0,27 mm. Yatsu masu tsayi suna ƙasa daga iyakar, sa'an nan kuma an cire chamfers daga waje da ciki.

Bushings na saman shugaban sandar haɗi. Ana mayar da su ta hanyoyi masu zuwa: thermal diffusion zinc plating tare da aiki na gaba; adibas a cikin haɗin haɗin gwiwa; matsawa wanda ya biyo baya samuwar saman saman tef ɗin karfe ta hanyar walƙiya na lantarki (kaurin tef ɗin daga ƙananan ƙarfe na carbon shine 0,4-0,6 mm).

sandar haɗi. Lokacin da saman da ke ƙarƙashin daji yana sawa, sandar haɗawa tana raguwa zuwa ɗaya daga cikin girman gyare-gyare tare da tazara na 0,5 mm, chamfering a ƙarshen 1,5 mm x 45 digiri. Don m, ana amfani da na'ura mai hako lu'u-lu'u URB-VP, yana gyara sandar haɗi [Hoto sittin da biyar].

Shinkafa 65. Haɗa sandar haɗi zuwa na'ura ta hanyar hako daji na saman kai.

1) - Gyara;

2) - sufuri prisms;

3) - Tuƙi don motsin abin hawa;

4) - kulle dunƙule na abin hawa;

5) - Taimako;

6) - Karfi;

7) - Taimako;

- sandar haɗi.

Wannan na'ura na iya tono ramuka tare da diamita na 28-100 mm a gudun 600-975 min-1 da ciyarwar 0,04 mm/rev.

Ana samun tazara tsakanin gatari na manya da ƙananan kawuna ta hanyar sanya samfuri tsakanin madaidaitan madaidaicin (5) da kuma abin hawa mai motsi. Ana duba daidaitaccen shigarwa na rami mai haɗawa a cikin jirgin sama na tsaye tare da mai yankewa kuma an daidaita shi tare da sashi (7).

Fuskokin ciki na ƙananan da na sama na haɗin haɗin gwiwa a cikin shagunan gyare-gyare suna haɓaka ta hanyar lantarki, hakowa da niƙa ko gogewa zuwa girman al'ada.

Don ƙayyade karkata daga layi daya (lankwasawa) a cikin jiragen sama na tsaye da a kwance (torsion) na gatari na saman kai dangane da ƙananan kai a kan injunan carburetor, ana bincika taron sandar haɗin gwiwa tare da murfin akan na'urar ta musamman [ENG. 66], kuma ga kowa da kowa, kira 70-8735-1025.

Shinkafa 66. Na'urar da za a yi gyaran fuska na haɗa sandunan injinan mota.

1) - rike don cire abin nadi;

2) - ƙananan mandrel;

3) - jagororin zamiya;

4) - nuna alama;

5) - dutse;

6) - babban mandrel;

7) - Shafi;

- sandar haɗi.

An ba da izinin karkata daga daidaito (lankwasawa) na gatari na manyan kawuna masu haɗawa don injunan diesel:

D-50 - 0,18mm;

D-240 - 0,05mm;

SMD-17, SMD-18 - 0,15mm;

SMD-60, A-01, A-41 - 0,07mm;

YaMZ-238NB, YaMZ-240B - 0,08mm.

An yarda motsi:

D-50 - 0,3mm;

D-240 da YaMZ-240NB - 0,08mm;

SMD-17, SMD-18 - 0,25mm;

SMD-60 - 0,07mm;

A-01, A-41 - 0,11 mm;

YaMZ-238NB - 0,1mm.

Don injunan motoci, ba a yarda da karkatar da daidaitattun igiyoyi a cikin dukkan jiragen sama fiye da 0,05 mm a tsawon 100 mm. Don kawar da wannan lahani, ana ba da izinin daidaita sandunan haɗin kai kawai bayan dumama sandar su tare da madaidaicin halin yanzu ko harshen wuta na iskar gas a zazzabi na 450-600 digiri Celsius, wato, tare da gyaran zafi.

Pistons Maido da pistons na injunan diesel na nau'in SMD yana yiwuwa ta hanyar hawan jini-baka. Don yin wannan, ana tsabtace piston a cikin gishiri mai narke a zazzabi na 375-400 digiri Celsius na minti 10, wanke, bi da shi tare da 10% nitric acid kuma a sake wanke shi da ruwan zafi don cire varnish da carbon adibas a cikin tsagi. A cikin fistan, tsagi na sama da kai ana jefa su da waya ta SVAMG da injina.

Shiryawa, taro. Ana zaɓar saitin sanduna masu haɗawa tare da iyakoki, bots da kwayoyi da nauyi bisa ga tebur 39.

Table 39

Alamar injiniya	Bambancin nauyi, g
sandunan haɗi	pistons	haɗa sanduna da taron piston
A-01, A-41	17	ashirin	40
YaMZ-240B, YaMZ-238NB	17	10	talatin
SMD-14, SMD-62 da sauransu	10	7	22
D-240, D-50	ashirin	10	talatin
D-37M	10	10	25
GAZ-53, ZIL-130	8	5	goma sha shida

A kan wasu daga cikinsu, ana nuna taro a saman saman ƙananan kai, a kan murfin daidai da rami don haɗin sandar haɗin gwiwa. Idan ya zama dole don daidaita yawan taro, ya zama dole don fayil ɗin ƙarfe na sandar haɗin gwiwa tare da layin rabuwa na hatimi zuwa zurfin 1 mm.

Bambance-bambancen da yawa na sassa a cikin haɗin injin yayin aikin sa yana haifar da fitowar ƙarfin inertia marasa daidaituwa, wanda ke haifar da girgizawa kuma yana haɓaka tsarin lalacewa.

Tare da nau'in nau'i na igiya mai haɗawa, rarraba kayan aiki tare da tsayi dole ne ya zama kamar yadda yawancin ƙananan ƙananan da babba a cikin haɗin haɗin haɗin haɗin kai daidai ne (bambancin kada ya wuce ± 3 grams).

Ana kuma zaɓi fistan da girma da nauyi. An nuna yawan piston a ƙasan sa. Pistons tare da hannayen riga an kammala bisa ga rata tsakanin piston (tare da siket) da hannun riga, zayyana ƙungiyoyi tare da haruffa na Rasha haruffa (B, C, M, da dai sauransu), wanda aka cire a kan piston kasa da kuma. a kafadar hannun riga.

Ana zaɓar fil ɗin fistan gwargwadon girman rukunin ramuka a cikin kawunan piston kuma ana yi musu alama da fenti ko lambobi 0,1, 0,2, da sauransu.

Bushings bisa ga diamita na waje an zaba bisa ga diamita na saman saman sandar haɗi, kuma bisa ga diamita na ciki - bisa ga diamita na fil, la'akari da izinin yin aiki.

Dole ne masu layi su dace da diamita na mujallolin crankshaft.

An zaɓi zoben fistan bisa ga girman masu layi da izini a cikin tsagi, wanda aka ba da izinin zoben farko na injunan dizal na YaMZ, A-41 da SMD-60 na nau'ikan 0,35 mm (don sauran - 0,27). mm). Don sassan matsawa na biyu da na uku, rata shine 0,30 mm da 0,20 mm, bi da bi.

Ana duba elasticity na zoben ta hanyar sanya su tare a cikin matsayi na kwance a kan dandamali na ma'auni na musamman MIP-10-1 [Fig. 67]. An ɗora zoben tare da share hinge na al'ada. Ƙarfin da aka nuna akan bugun kiran ma'auni dole ne ya cika buƙatun fasaha.

Shinkafa 67. Duba elasticity na piston zoben a cikin na'urar.

1) - Zobe;

2) - Na'ura;

3) - Fam.

Don bincika yarda a cikin gasket, ana shigar da zoben piston a cikin silinda sosai a cikin jirgin sama daidai da axis kuma a duba tare da ma'aunin ji. Hakanan ana duba ingancin dacewa da zoben zuwa bangon Silinda a cikin haske [Fig. 68].

Shinkafa 68. Tabbatar da yarda da zoben piston.

a) - Shigar da zobe,

b) - duba;

1) - Zobe;

2) - Hannun hannu (Silinda tallafi);

3) - zoben jagora;

4) - Umarni.

Rata a mahaɗin sababbin zobba don injunan diesel ya kamata ya zama 0,6 ± 0,15 mm, ba tare da gyara ba - har zuwa 2 mm; don sabon zoben injin carburetor - 0,3-0,7 mm.

Wasan radial (baya baya) tsakanin zobe da silinda don injin dizal dole ne ya wuce 0,02 mm a fiye da wurare biyu tare da baka na digiri 30 kuma ba kusa da 30 mm daga kulle ba. Don torsion da conical zobba, an yarda da yarda ba fiye da 0,02 mm, ga man scraper zobba - 0,03 mm ko'ina, amma ba kusa da 5 mm daga kulle. Yi wasa a cikin zoben injunan carburetor ba a yarda ba.

Har ila yau, suna duba tsayin zobe da kuma murdiya na ƙarshen saman, wanda bai kamata ya wuce 0,05 mm ba don diamita har zuwa 120 mm da 0,07 mm don zobe na manyan diamita.

taro da sarrafawa. Haɗin sandar haɗawa da kayan piston yana farawa tare da danna bushings a cikin saman saman sandar haɗin tare da tsangwama na 0,03-0,12 mm don injunan dizal na nau'ikan iri daban-daban, 0,14 mm don injunan carburetor. An shigar da sandar haɗin kai akan na'urar hako lu'u-lu'u ta URB-VP kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin hoto 65, sannan ana hako daji tare da izini:

0,04-0,06mm,

don juyawa ta 0,08-0,15 mm ko reaming ta 0,05-0,08 mm dangane da diamita na al'ada na fil ɗin piston.

Ana birgima bushings ta bugun bugun jini a kan injin hakowa a tsaye, gundura a ƙarƙashin injin tuƙi tare da ci gaba da ciyarwar mandrel [Fig. 69], mai mai da man dizal.

Shinkafa 69. Dorn na bushing na saman kai na haɗa sanda.

d = D - 0,3;

d1 = D (-0,02/-0,03);

d2 = D (-0,09/-0,07);

d3 = D - 3;

D = piston fil diamita mara kyau.

Sa'an nan kuma karkatar da daidaituwa daga gatari na ramukan bushing da ƙananan kai na sandar haɗawa ana sarrafa su bisa ga bukatun fasaha. A wannan yanayin, ba a yarda da gyara sandar haɗi ba. Na gaba, ƙananan shugaban haɗin haɗin gwiwa yana haɗuwa tare da bushings, murfin da kusoshi. Ya kamata kusoshi su shiga cikin ramuka tare da bugun haske daga guduma gram 200.

Ana wanke tashoshi na man sanda mai haɗawa kuma ana tsabtace su da iska. Dole ne a dumama pistons a cikin akwatin lantarki na OKS-7543 ko kuma a cikin wankan ruwa mai a zazzabi na 80-90 digiri Celsius, sannan a haɗa su da sandar haɗi tare da fil ɗin piston a cikin mataimakin.

An ɗora taron da aka haɗa a kan farantin sarrafawa don piston ya taɓa kowane batu a saman farantin. Tare da rata mai siffar wedge fiye da 0,1 mm fiye da tsawon 100 mm (aunawa tare da bincike), an rarraba kayan aiki, an duba sassan, an gano lahani kuma an kawar da su.

Piston fil a cikin shugabannin fistan yana gyarawa tare da makullin bazara. Kafin shigar da zoben, duba taper na saman su a kan farantin sarrafawa ta amfani da murabba'i.

Ana shigar da zobba akan fistan tare da ƙaramin diamita sama (matsi, yanke ƙasa) takwas *