Aikin magudanar ruwa

Bawul ɗin magudanar ruwa yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman sassa na tsarin ci na injin konewa na ciki. A cikin mota, tana tsakanin ma'aunin ɗaukar kaya da na'urar tace iska. A kan injunan diesel, ba a buƙatar magudanar ruwa, amma akan injunan zamani har yanzu ana shigar da shi idan an yi aikin gaggawa. Yanayin ya yi kama da injinan mai idan suna da tsarin sarrafa bawul. Babban aikin bawul ɗin magudanar ruwa shine samarwa da daidaita yanayin iskar da ake buƙata don samar da cakuda mai da iska. Don haka, kwanciyar hankali na injunan aiki na injuna, matakin yawan amfani da man fetur da kuma halayen motar gaba ɗaya sun dogara ne akan daidaitaccen aiki na abin girgiza.

Choke na'urar

Daga ra'ayi mai amfani, bawul ɗin magudanar ruwa shine bawul ɗin wucewa. A cikin buɗaɗɗen matsayi, matsa lamba a cikin tsarin cin abinci daidai yake da yanayi. Yayin da yake rufewa, yana raguwa, yana gabatowa ga ƙimar injin (wannan shi ne saboda ainihin motar tana aiki azaman famfo). Don haka ne aka haɗa na'urar ƙara ƙarar birki zuwa wurin da ake ɗauka. A tsari, damper da kanta wani farantin zagaye ne wanda zai iya juyawa digiri 90. Ɗayan irin wannan juyin yana wakiltar zagayowar guda ɗaya daga cikakken buɗewa zuwa rufe bawul.

Na'urar hanzari

Butterfly valve block (module) ya haɗa da abubuwa masu zuwa:

• An sanye da harka da nozzles iri-iri. An haɗa su da tsarin samun iska wanda ke kama mai da tururi mai sanyaya (don dumama damper).
• Kunnawa wanda ke motsa bawul lokacin da direba ya danna fedalin ƙara.
• Matsayin na'urori masu auna firikwensin ko potentiometers. Suna auna kusurwar buɗe maƙura kuma suna aika sigina zuwa sashin sarrafa injin. A cikin tsarin zamani, ana shigar da na'urori masu sarrafa matsayi guda biyu, waɗanda za su iya zama lamba mai zamiya (potentiometers) ko magnetoresistive (marasa lamba).
• Idling regulator. Wajibi ne don kula da saurin saiti na crankshaft a cikin yanayin rufewa. Wato, ana tabbatar da mafi ƙarancin kusurwar buɗewa na abin girgiza lokacin da ba a raunana fedaran hanzari ba.

Nau'ikan da halaye na aiki na bawul din maƙura

Nau'in mai kunnawa maƙura yana ƙayyade ƙirar sa, yanayin aiki da sarrafawa. Yana iya zama inji ko lantarki (lantarki).

Injin inji mai inji

Tsofaffi da arha nau'ikan motoci suna da injin bawul ɗin injina wanda a ciki ana haɗa feda na totur kai tsaye zuwa sharar gida ta amfani da kebul na musamman. Mai kunna injina na bawul ɗin malam buɗe ido ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu zuwa:

• mai hanzari (takalmin gas);
• ja da karkatar da levers;
• igiyar karfe.

Depressing fedal mai sauri yana kunna tsarin injin levers, sanduna da kebul, yana haifar da damper don juyawa (buɗe). A sakamakon haka, iska ta fara shiga cikin tsarin, kuma an kafa cakuda man fetur na iska. Yawancin iskar da aka ba da ita, yawan man fetur zai gudana kuma saboda haka gudun zai karu. Lokacin da ma'aunin yana cikin matsayi mara aiki, ma'aunin yana komawa wurin da aka rufe. Baya ga babban yanayin, tsarin injina na iya haɗawa da sarrafa hannun hannu na matsayin maƙura ta amfani da ƙulli na musamman.

Ka'idar aiki na lantarki drive

Nau'in na biyu kuma mafi na zamani na masu ɗaukar girgiza shine na'urar ma'aunin lantarki (tare da tuƙin lantarki da sarrafa lantarki). Babban halayensa:

• Babu hulɗar inji kai tsaye tsakanin feda da damper. Maimakon haka, ana amfani da sarrafa lantarki, wanda kuma yana ba ka damar canza jujjuyawar injin ba tare da danna feda ba.
• Ana sarrafa rashin aikin injin ta atomatik ta matsar da maƙura.

Tsarin lantarki ya haɗa da:

• Matsayin maƙura da na'urori masu auna gas;
• controlungiyar sarrafa injin lantarki (ECU);
• karfin wutar lantarki

Hakanan tsarin sarrafa magudanar lantarki yana yin la'akari da sigina daga watsawa, tsarin kula da yanayi, firikwensin matsayi na birki da sarrafa jirgin ruwa.

Lokacin da ka danna maɓallin ƙararrawa, firikwensin matsayi na fiɗa, wanda ya ƙunshi nau'i-nau'i masu zaman kansu guda biyu, yana canza juriya a cikin kewaye, wanda shine sigina ga na'ura mai sarrafa lantarki. Ƙarshen yana watsa umarnin da ya dace zuwa motar lantarki (motar) kuma yana juya magudanar. Matsayinsa, bi da bi, ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar firikwensin da suka dace. Suna aika bayanai game da sabon matsayin bawul zuwa ECU.

Na'urar firikwensin matsayi na maƙura na yanzu shine potentiometer tare da sigina masu yawa da juriyar juriya na 8 kOhm. Yana cikin jikinsa kuma yana amsawa ga jujjuyawar shaft, yana canza kusurwar buɗewa na bawul zuwa wutar lantarki na DC.

A cikin rufaffiyar matsayi na bawul, ƙarfin lantarki zai kasance game da 0,7 V, kuma a cikin cikakken bude wuri, game da 4 V. Ana karɓar wannan siginar ta mai sarrafawa, don haka koyo game da yawan adadin budewa. Dangane da wannan, ana ƙididdige adadin man da aka kawo.

Madaidaicin firikwensin firikwensin firikwensin firikwensin madaukai iri-iri ne. Siginar sarrafawa shine bambanci tsakanin dabi'u biyu. Wannan hanya tana taimakawa wajen jimre da yiwuwar tsangwama.

Sabunta sabis da gyara

Idan bawul ɗin magudanar ruwa ya gaza, tsarin naku yana canzawa gaba ɗaya, amma a wasu lokuta ya isa a yi gyara (daidaitawa) ko tsaftacewa. Don haka, don ƙarin ingantaccen aiki na tsarin sarrafa wutar lantarki, ya zama dole don daidaitawa ko koyon ma'aunin. Wannan hanya ta ƙunshi shigar da bayanai akan matsanancin matsayi na bawul (buɗewa da rufewa) a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar mai sarrafawa).

Daidaita magudanar ruwa ya zama tilas a cikin waɗannan lokuta:

• Lokacin sauyawa ko sake saita sashin sarrafa injin lantarki na motar.
• Lokacin maye gurbin abin girgiza.
• Lokacin da injin ba shi da kwanciyar hankali a zaman banza.

An horar da sashin bawul ɗin magudanar ruwa a tashar sabis ta amfani da kayan aiki na musamman (scanners). Shisshigi mara ƙwararru zai iya haifar da daidaitawa mara kyau da tabarbarewar aikin abin hawa.

Idan akwai matsala tare da na'urori masu auna firikwensin, hasken faɗakarwa zai haskaka kan rukunin kayan aiki don sanar da ku matsalar. Wannan na iya nuna duka saitin da ba daidai ba da karya a lambobi. Wani rashin aiki na yau da kullun shine zubar iska, wanda ana iya gano shi ta hanyar haɓakar saurin injin.

Duk da sauƙi na zane, yana da kyau a ba da amana ga ganewar asali da kuma gyara bawul ɗin maƙura ga ƙwararren ƙwararren. Wannan zai tabbatar da tattalin arziki, jin dadi kuma, mafi mahimmanci, aiki mai aminci na motar da kuma ƙara yawan rayuwar injin.