Bawul din caji

A cikin motoci na zamani, tashar wutar lantarki tana aiki tare da tsarin guda biyu: allura da ci. Na farko daga cikinsu yana da alhakin samar da man fetur, aikin na biyu shine tabbatar da kwararar iska a cikin silinda.

Manufa, manyan abubuwa na tsari

Duk da cewa dukan tsarin "sarrafa" samar da iska, shi ne structurally mai sauqi qwarai da kuma babban kashi shi ne throttle taro (da yawa kira shi da tsohon-kera throttle). Kuma ko da wannan kashi yana da tsari mai sauƙi.

Ka'idar aiki na bawul ɗin maƙura ya kasance iri ɗaya tun zamanin injunan carbureted. Yana toshe babban tashar iska, ta haka ne ke daidaita yawan iskar da ake bayarwa ga silinda. Amma idan a baya wannan damper ya kasance wani ɓangare na ƙirar carburetor, to a kan injunan allura yana da naúrar daban.

Tsarin samar da kankara

Bugu da ƙari, babban aiki - kashi na iska don aiki na yau da kullum na naúrar wutar lantarki a kowane yanayi, wannan damper kuma yana da alhakin kiyaye saurin da ake buƙata na crankshaft (XX) da kuma ƙarƙashin nauyin injin daban-daban. Haka kuma tana da hannu wajen aikin na’urar kara kuzari.

Jikin magudanar abu ne mai sauqi qwarai. Babban abubuwan tsarin su ne:

1. Tsarin
2. damper tare da shaft
3. Injin tuƙi

Ma'aunin Makanikai

Chokes na nau'ikan iri daban-daban na iya haɗawa da ƙarin ƙarin abubuwa: na'urori masu auna firikwensin, tashoshi na kewaye, tashoshi masu dumama, da sauransu. A cikin ƙarin daki-daki, fasalulluka na ƙirar magudanar ruwa da ake amfani da su a cikin motoci, za mu yi la'akari da ƙasa.

Ana shigar da bawul ɗin magudanar ruwa a cikin iskar iska tsakanin abubuwan tacewa da nau'in injin. Samun shiga wannan kullin ba shi da wahala ta kowace hanya, don haka lokacin gudanar da aikin kulawa ko maye gurbinsa, ba zai yi wahala ba don isa gare shi da kuma kwance shi daga motar.

Nau'in kumburi

Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, akwai nau'ikan accelerators daban-daban. Akwai guda uku a cikin duka:

1. Injiniyan tuƙi
2. Kayan aikin lantarki
3. Lantarki

A cikin wannan tsari ne aka samar da tsarin wannan sinadari na tsarin ci. Kowane nau'ikan da ke akwai yana da fasalin ƙirar sa. Yana da mahimmanci cewa tare da ci gaban fasaha, na'urar kumburi ba ta zama mafi rikitarwa ba, amma, akasin haka, ya zama mafi sauƙi, amma tare da wasu nuances.

Shutter tare da injin inji. Zane, fasali

Bari mu fara da damper mai sarrafa injina. Irin wannan sassa ya bayyana tare da farkon shigar da tsarin allurar mai akan motoci. Babban fasalinsa shine cewa direban yana sarrafa damper da kansa ta hanyar kebul na watsawa da ke haɗa fedar ƙara zuwa sashin iskar gas da ke da alaƙa da shingen damper.

Zane na irin wannan naúrar gaba daya aro daga tsarin carburetor, kawai bambanci shi ne cewa shock absorber ne daban-daban kashi.

Zane na wannan taron ya kuma haɗa da na'urar firikwensin matsayi (kusurwar buɗewar girgiza), mai sarrafa saurin gudu (XX), tashoshi na kewayawa da tsarin dumama.

Makullin taro tare da injin inji

Gabaɗaya, firikwensin matsayi na maƙura yana nan a cikin kowane nau'in nodes. Ayyukansa shine ƙayyade kusurwar buɗewa, wanda ke ba da damar na'ura mai sarrafa injector na lantarki don ƙayyade adadin iska da aka ba da shi zuwa ɗakunan konewa kuma, bisa ga wannan, daidaita tsarin samar da man fetur.

A baya can, an yi amfani da na'urar firikwensin nau'i mai mahimmanci, wanda aka ƙayyade kusurwar budewa ta hanyar canji a cikin juriya. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da na'urori masu auna firikwensin magnetoresistive, waɗanda suka fi dogaro, tunda ba su da nau'ikan lambobin sadarwa waɗanda ke sawa.

Makullin matsayi firikwensin potentiometric nau'in

Mai sarrafa XX akan shaƙa na inji shine keɓaɓɓen tashoshi wanda ke rufe babban ɗaya. Wannan tasha tana dauke da bawul din solenoid wanda ke daidaita tafiyar iska ya danganta da yanayin injin da yake aiki.

Na'urar sarrafawa mara aiki

Ma'anar aikinsa shine kamar haka: a cikin ashirin, an rufe abin da ake kira shock absorber, amma iska yana da mahimmanci don aikin injiniya kuma ana ba da shi ta hanyar tashar daban. A wannan yanayin, ECU yana ƙayyade saurin crankshaft, bisa ga abin da ke daidaita matakin buɗe wannan tashar ta hanyar bawul ɗin solenoid don kula da saurin saiti.

Tashoshin ketare suna aiki akan ƙa'ida ɗaya da mai gudanarwa. Amma aikinsa shine kula da saurin wutar lantarki ta hanyar samar da kaya a hutawa. Misali, kunna tsarin kula da yanayi yana kara nauyi akan injin, yana haifar da raguwar saurin gudu. Idan mai gudanarwa ba zai iya samar da adadin iskar da ake buƙata ba ga injin, ana kunna tashoshi na kewayawa.

Amma waɗannan ƙarin tashoshi suna da babban koma baya - sashin giciye ƙananan ƙananan ne, saboda abin da za su iya toshewa da daskare. Don magance ƙarshen, an haɗa bawul ɗin magudanar zuwa tsarin sanyaya. Wato, coolant yana zagawa ta tashoshin casing, dumama tashoshi.

Samfurin kwamfuta na tashoshi a cikin bawul ɗin malam buɗe ido

Babban rashin lahani na taron ma'auni na inji shine kasancewar kuskure a cikin shirye-shiryen cakuda man fetur na iska, wanda ke shafar inganci da ƙarfin injin. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa ECU baya sarrafa damper, kawai yana karɓar bayani game da kusurwar budewa. Sabili da haka, tare da canje-canje kwatsam a cikin matsayi na bawul ɗin maƙura, sashin kulawa ba koyaushe yana da lokaci don "daidaita" ga yanayin da aka canza ba, wanda ke haifar da yawan amfani da man fetur.

Electromechanical malam buɗe ido bawul

Mataki na gaba a cikin haɓaka bawul ɗin malam buɗe ido shine fitowar nau'in injin lantarki. Tsarin sarrafawa ya kasance iri ɗaya - na USB. Amma a cikin wannan kumburi babu ƙarin tashoshi kamar yadda ba dole ba. Madadin haka, an ƙara tsarin damping na lantarki wanda ECU ke sarrafawa cikin ƙira.

A tsari, wannan tsari ya haɗa da motar lantarki ta al'ada tare da akwatin gear, wanda aka haɗa da maɗaukakiyar girgiza.

Wannan naúrar tana aiki kamar haka: bayan an fara injin ɗin, sashin kula da na'urar yana ƙididdige adadin iskar da ake bayarwa kuma yana buɗe damper zuwa kusurwar da ake so don saita saurin rashin aiki da ake buƙata. Wato sashin sarrafawa a cikin raka'o'in wannan nau'in yana da ikon daidaita aikin injin a zaman banza. A wasu hanyoyin sarrafa wutar lantarki, direban da kansa ke sarrafa ma'aunin.

Yin amfani da tsarin sarrafawa na ɓangare ya sa ya yiwu a sauƙaƙe ƙirar na'urar haɓakawa, amma bai kawar da babban abin da ya faru ba - kurakuran samar da cakuda. A cikin wannan zane, ba game da damper ba ne, amma kawai a rago.

Wutar lantarki

Nau'i na ƙarshe, na lantarki, ana ƙara shigar da shi cikin motoci. Babban fasalinsa shine rashin hulɗar kai tsaye na fedal mai haɓakawa tare da shinge mai damper. Tsarin sarrafawa a cikin wannan zane ya riga ya zama cikakken lantarki. Har yanzu yana amfani da injin lantarki iri ɗaya tare da akwatin gear da aka haɗa zuwa mashin sarrafa ECU. Amma sashin kulawa yana "sarrafa" buɗe ƙofar a kowane yanayi. An ƙara ƙarin firikwensin zuwa ƙira - matsayi na pedal mai haɓakawa.

Abubuwan magudanar lantarki

Yayin aiki, sashin kulawa yana amfani da bayanai ba kawai daga na'urori masu auna firikwensin matsayi da kuma feda mai sauri ba. Hakanan ana la'akari da sigina daga na'urorin sa ido na watsawa ta atomatik, tsarin birki, kayan sarrafa yanayi, da sarrafa jiragen ruwa.

Duk bayanan da ke shigowa daga na'urori masu auna firikwensin ana sarrafa su ta naúrar kuma akan wannan an saita kusurwar buɗe ƙofar mafi kyau. Wato tsarin na'urar lantarki yana da cikakken ikon sarrafa tsarin ci. Wannan ya sa ya yiwu a kawar da kurakurai a cikin samuwar cakuda. A kowane yanayin aiki na tashar wutar lantarki, za a ba da ainihin adadin iska zuwa silinda.

Amma wannan tsarin bai kasance mara lahani ba. Hakanan akwai 'yan kaɗan fiye da na sauran nau'ikan guda biyu. Na farko daga cikinsu shi ne cewa injin lantarki yana buɗe damper. Duk wani, ko da ƙananan rashin aiki na sassan watsawa yana haifar da rashin aiki na naúrar, wanda ya shafi aikin injin. Babu irin wannan matsala a cikin hanyoyin sarrafa kebul.

Babban koma baya na biyu ya fi mahimmanci, amma ya shafi motocin kasafin kuɗi. Kuma komai ya dogara ne akan gaskiyar cewa saboda rashin haɓaka software sosai, ma'aunin zai iya yin aiki a makare. Wato, bayan danna fedal na totur, ECU tana ɗaukar ɗan lokaci don tattarawa da sarrafa bayanai, bayan haka ta aika da sigina zuwa injin sarrafa magudanar ruwa.

Babban dalilin jinkiri daga danna ma'aunin lantarki zuwa amsa injin shine na'urorin lantarki mai rahusa da software mara inganci.

A karkashin yanayi na al'ada, wannan koma baya ba shi da mahimmanci musamman, amma a karkashin wasu yanayi, irin wannan aikin zai iya haifar da sakamako mara kyau. Alal misali, lokacin da aka fara kan hanya mai santsi, wani lokaci ya zama dole don canza yanayin aikin injiniya da sauri ("wasa feda"), wato, a cikin irin wannan yanayi, saurin "amsa" na wajibi. injin zuwa ayyukan direba yana da mahimmanci. Jinkirin da ake samu a cikin aikin na'ura mai sauri zai iya haifar da rikitarwa na tuki, kamar yadda direban ba ya "ji" injin.

Wani fasali na ma'aunin lantarki na wasu nau'ikan motoci, wanda ga mutane da yawa yana da lahani, shine saitin maƙura na musamman a masana'anta. ECU tana da saiti wanda ke keɓance yuwuwar zamewar dabaran lokacin farawa. Ana samun wannan ta gaskiyar cewa a farkon motsi naúrar ba ta buɗe damper na musamman zuwa matsakaicin iko ba, a zahiri, ECU "sauke" injin tare da maƙarƙashiya. A wasu lokuta, wannan yanayin yana da mummunan tasiri.

A cikin manyan motoci, babu matsaloli tare da "amsar" na tsarin ci saboda ci gaban software na al'ada. Hakanan a cikin irin waɗannan motoci sau da yawa yana yiwuwa a saita yanayin aiki na tashar wutar lantarki bisa ga abubuwan da aka zaɓa. Alal misali, a cikin yanayin "wasanni", ana kuma sake fasalin aikin tsarin ci, wanda ECU ba ta daina "sauke" injin a farawa ba, wanda zai ba da damar mota "da sauri" ta tashi.