Duban matsi na ICE

Ana yin gwajin matsewar injin konewa na ciki don magance injunan konewa na ciki. Matsi shine matsi na cakuda a cikin silinda a ƙarƙashin rinjayar sojojin waje. Ana auna shi kamar yadda rabon matsawa ya ninka da 1,3. Lokacin auna matsawa, zaka iya nemo silinda wanda ba ya aiki.

Idan motar tana da matsaloli iri-iri, kamar raguwar wutar lantarki, asarar mai, faɗuwar injin, sai su duba kyandir, na'urori masu auna firikwensin, bincika injin konewar ciki don lalacewa da zubewa. Lokacin da irin waɗannan cak ɗin ba su haifar da sakamako ba, to sai su koma ga matsawa aunawa. Yadda za a ƙayyade shi ta amfani da misalin Vaz classic an nuna a cikin wannan bidiyon.

A kashin kai Ana iya bincika matsi tare da ma'aunin matsawa.. A tashoshin sabis, ana yin irin waɗannan cak ta hanyar amfani da kwampressograph ko na'urar gwajin mota.

Dalilin raguwar matsewa a cikin silinda

ICE matsawa na iya raguwa saboda dalilai da yawa.:

• sawa na pistons da sassan rukunin piston;
• saitin lokacin da ba daidai ba;
• ƙonewa na bawuloli da pistons.

domin a tantance musabbabin rugujewar, ana auna matsewar injin konewar ciki da zafi da sanyi. Za mu gano yadda za a gudanar da irin wannan hanya tare da taimakon ma'auni na matsawa kuma ba tare da shi ba.

Yadda ake auna matsawa a cikin injin konewa na ciki

Da farko kuna buƙatar shirya injin konewa na ciki don gwaji. Don yin wannan, muna buƙatar dumama injin konewa na ciki zuwa babban zafin jiki na digiri 70-90. Bayan haka, kuna buƙatar kashe fam ɗin mai, don kada a samar da mai kuma ku kwance tartsatsin tartsatsin.

Tabbatar duba aikin farawa da cajin baturi. Mataki na ƙarshe na shirye-shiryen shine buɗe magudanar ruwa da bawul ɗin iska.

Bayan duk wannan Bari mu matsa zuwa gwajin matsawa.:

1. Muna shigar da tip ɗin ma'aunin matsawa a cikin mai haɗa walƙiya kuma kunna injin tare da mai farawa har sai girman matsin lamba ya tsaya.
2. Ya kamata crankshaft ya juya a kusan 200 rpm.
3. Idan ICE daidai ne, to matsawa ya kamata ya tashi a cikin dakika. Idan wannan ya faru na dogon lokaci, zoben piston sun ƙone a fuska. Idan matsa lamba bai karu ba kwata-kwata, to tabbas yana buƙatar canza toshe gasket. Matsakaicin matsa lamba a cikin injin konewa na ciki ya kamata ya kasance daga 10 kg/cm20 (a cikin injin konewar dizal fiye da XNUMX kg/cmXNUMX).
4. Bayan ɗaukar karatu, saki matsa lamba ta kwance hular da ke kan mita.
5. Duba duk sauran silinda ta hanya guda.

Misalin matakan ma'aunin ma'auni a cikin silinda

Akwai wata hanyar da za a bincika, wanda ya bambanta da na sama a cikin cewa ana zuba mai a cikin silinda da aka duba. Ƙara yawan matsa lamba yana nuna zoben piston da aka sawa, idan matsa lamba bai karu ba, to Dalilin: Silinda shugaban gasket, ko kuma gabaɗaya akwai ɗigon ruwa a cikin bawuloli.

Idan injin konewa na ciki yana cikin yanayi mai kyau, matsawa a cikinsa yakamata ya kasance daga 9,5 zuwa 10 yanayi (injin fetur), yayin da a cikin silinda ya kamata ya bambanta da yanayi fiye da ɗaya.

Hakanan zaka iya gano matsi mai rauni ta hanyar rashin aiki a cikin carburetor. Idan akwai zubar da iska, duba dacewar bawul ɗin wucewa. Idan iska tana tserewa ta saman radiyo, to laifin kan silinda mara kyau ne ke da laifi.

Abin da ke shafar matsawar ICE

1. Matsayin maƙura. Lokacin da ma'aunin yana rufe ko rufe, matsa lamba yana raguwa
2. Tace datti.
3. Ba daidai ba tsari na lokacin bawullokacin da bawul ɗin ya rufe kuma ya buɗe a lokacin da bai dace ba. Wannan yana faruwa lokacin da aka shigar da bel ko sarkar ba daidai ba.
4. Rufe bawuloli a lokacin da bai dace ba saboda gibin da ke cikin tukinsu.
5. Motar zafin jiki. Mafi girman zafin jiki, mafi girman yawan zafin jiki na cakuda. Saboda haka, matsa lamba yana ƙasa.
6. Ruwan sama. Ruwan iska, rage matsawa. Ana haifar da su ta hanyar lalacewa ko lalacewa ta dabi'a ta hatimin ɗakin konewa.
7. Shigar da mai a cikin ɗakin konewa yana ƙara matsawa.
8. Idan man fetur ya fadi a cikin nau'i na droplets, sa'an nan kuma matsawa ya ragu - an wanke man fetur, wanda ke taka rawar da aka rufe.
9. Rashin matsewa a ma'aunin matsawa ko a cikin bawul ɗin dubawa.
10. crankshaft gudun. Mafi girma shine, mafi girma da matsawa, ba za a sami raguwa ba saboda damuwa.

Abin da ke sama yana bayyana yadda ake auna matsawa a cikin injin konewa na ciki da ke aiki akan mai. Game da injin dizal, ana yin ma'auni daban-daban.

Auna matsi a cikin injin dizal

1. Domin kashe man dizal zuwa injin, kuna buƙatar cire haɗin bawul ɗin samar da mai daga wutar lantarki. Hakanan za'a iya yin hakan ta hanyar matse lever ɗin kashewa akan babban famfo mai matsa lamba.
2. Ana yin ma'auni akan injin dizal ta hanyar ma'aunin matsawa na musamman, wanda ke da halayensa.
3. Lokacin dubawa, ba kwa buƙatar danna fedar gas, tunda babu magudanar ruwa a cikin irin waɗannan injunan konewa na ciki. Idan haka ne, dole ne a tsaftace shi kafin a duba.
4. kowane nau'in injin konewa na ciki yana sanye da umarni na musamman kan yadda ake auna matsawa akansa.

Gwajin matsawa akan injin dizal.

Gwajin matsawa akan motar allura

Yana da daraja tunawa cewa ma'aunin matsawa na iya zama kuskure. Lokacin aunawa, don mafi yawancin, kuna buƙatar la'akari da bambancin matsa lamba a cikin silinda, kuma ba matsakaicin ƙimar matsawa ba.

Tabbatar yin la'akari da irin waɗannan sigogi kamar zazzabi na mai, injin konewa na ciki, iska, saurin injin, da dai sauransu. Kawai la'akari da duk sigogi yana yiwuwa a zana ƙarshe game da matakin lalacewa na pistons da sauran sassan da ke shafar matsawa. Kuma a sakamakon duk wadannan malfunctions, bayar da wani ƙarshe game da bukatar wani babban overhaul na ciki konewa engine.

Yadda ake duba matsawa ba tare da ma'aunin matsawa ba

Ba za ku iya auna matsawa ba tare da ma'auni ba. Tunda kalmar “aunawa” tana nufin amfani da kayan awo. Don haka ba shi yiwuwa a auna matsawa a cikin injin konewa na ciki ba tare da ma'aunin matsawa ba. Amma idan kuna son dubawa tantance idan akwai (misali, bayan karyewar bel na lokaci ko dogon lokacin mota, da sauransu), wato, wasu daga cikin mafi sauki hanyoyin Yadda ake duba matsawa ba tare da ma'aunin matsawa ba. Alamar matsawa mara kyau ita ce halayyar mota, alal misali, a cikin ƙananan gudu yana aiki a hankali da rashin kwanciyar hankali, kuma a cikin sauri yana "farka", yayin da hayaƙin su ya zama shuɗi, kuma idan kun kalli kyandir, za su kasance a cikin mai. Tare da raguwa a cikin matsawa, matsa lamba na crankcase gas yana ƙaruwa, tsarin samun iska ya zama datti da sauri kuma, a sakamakon haka, karuwa a cikin CO toxicity, gurɓataccen ɗakin konewa.

Gwajin matsawa ba tare da kayan aiki ba

Mafi gwajin matsawa na ICE ba tare da kayan aiki ba - ta kunne. Don haka, kamar yadda aka saba, idan akwai matsawa a cikin silinda na konewa na ciki, to, ta hanyar kunna Starter, zaku iya jin yadda injin ke aiki da bugun bugun bugun jini tare da sauti mai ma'ana. Kuma a mafi yawan lokuta, injin konewa na cikin gida na iya yin motsi kadan. Lokacin da babu matsawa, ba za a ji kararrakin bugu ba, kuma ba za a yi rawar jiki ba. Wannan halin sau da yawa yana nuna bel ɗin lokaci mai karye.

Bidiyo yadda ake duba matsawar injin konewa na ciki ba tare da kayan aiki ba

Dakata dace diamita (roba, cortical roba ko kauri zane) kyandir da kyau, tun da a baya kun kwance kyandir ɗin ɗaya daga cikin silinda, zaku iya bincika ko akwai aƙalla wani nau'in matsawa. Bayan haka, idan yana can, to, abin toshe kwalaba zai tashi tare da auduga na dabi'a. Idan babu matsawa, to zai kasance a inda yake.

Ƙarfin da aka yi amfani da shi lokacin juya KV. Wannan hanyar duba matsawa ba ta da wani daidaito kwata-kwata, amma, duk da haka, wasu lokuta mutane suna amfani da shi. Wajibi ne a kwance duk kyandir ɗin, ban da silinda na farko da hannu, ta hanyar crankshaft pulley bolt, yana juyawa har sai bugun bugun jini ya ƙare (akayyade ta alamun lokaci). sa'an nan kuma mu maimaita wannan hanya tare da duk sauran cylinders, kamar tunawa da amfani da karfi. Tunda ma'auni sun kasance na sabani, saboda haka ya fi dacewa a yi amfani da ma'aunin matsawa. Irin wannan na'ura yakamata ya kasance ga kowane mai mota, saboda farashinta yana da yawa don kada ya saya, kuma ana iya buƙatar taimakonsa a kowane lokaci. Kuna iya gano ƙimar matsawa da ake so don motar ku daga littafin sabis ko aƙalla gano ƙimar matsawa na injin konewa na motar ku, sannan za'a iya ƙididdige matsawa ta hanyar dabara: matsawa rabo * K (inda K \) u1,3d 1,3 don fetur da 1,7-XNUMX, XNUMX don injunan konewa na ciki).

Dangane da yanayin shaye-shaye ko yanayin tartsatsin wuta, ƙwararren mai hankali ne kawai zai iya ƙayyade matsawa ba tare da na'ura ba, kuma wannan daidai ne, in mun gwada.

Irin wannan hanya dacewa ga motoci masu sawa injinlokacin da sama sama ya zama mai yawa, kuma wani farar-blue hayaki mai ƙamshi na musamman ya bayyana daga muffler. Hakan zai nuna cewa man ya fara shiga dakunan da ake konewa ta hanyoyi da dama. Ma'aikacin da ya dace game da shaye-shaye da yanayin kyandir, da kuma nazarin amo (don sauraron amo, kuna buƙatar na'urar da ke da stethoscope na likita tare da firikwensin inji), zai ƙayyade dalilin da yasa irin wannan hayaki da amfani da mai.

Akwai manyan masu laifi guda biyu don kasancewar mai - iyakoki na bawul na man fetur ko rukunin silinda-piston (zobba, pistons, cylinders), wanda ke nuna rarrabuwa a cikin matsawa.

Lokacin da hatimin ya ƙare, sukan bayyana zoben mai a kusa da walƙiya da shaye, sannan kuma Ana iya yin gwajin matsawa ko a'a.. Amma idan, bayan dumama injin konewa na ciki, halayen halayen hayaki ya ci gaba ko ƙarfinsa ya ƙaru, ana iya ƙarasa da cewa injin konewa na ciki ya ƙare. Kuma don sanin ainihin abin da ya haifar da matsawa ya ɓace, kuna buƙatar yin wasu ƙananan gwaje-gwaje.

Bacewar Gwajin Matsi

don samun cikakkiyar amsa, ana buƙatar amfani da duk hanyoyin da ke sama tare da kwatanta sakamakon da aka samu.

Don ƙayyade lalacewa na zoben, ya isa ya fesa, daga sirinji, a zahiri gram 10 na man fetur a cikin silinda, kuma maimaita rajistan. Idan matsawa ya karu, to, zobba ko wasu sassa na rukunin Silinda-piston sun gaji. Idan alamomin sun kasance ba su canza ba, iska tana yoyo ta cikin gasket ko bawuloli, kuma a lokuta da ba kasafai ba saboda tsagewar kan silinda. Kuma idan matsa lamba ya canza a zahiri ta mashaya 1-2, lokaci yayi da za a yi ƙararrawa - wannan alama ce ta ƙonewar fistan.

Ragewar daidaituwa a cikin matsi a cikin silinda yana nuna lalacewa na yau da kullun na ingin konewa na ciki kuma baya nuni ga gyare-gyaren gaggawa.

Sakamakon auna matsi

Sakamakon ma'aunin matsawa yana nuna yanayin injin konewa na ciki, wato pistons, zoben piston, bawuloli, camshafts, da ba da damar yanke shawara kan buƙatar gyara ko maye gurbin gasket na kai ko hatimin tushe kawai.

A kan injunan fetur, matsawa na yau da kullun yana cikin kewayon mashaya 12-15. Idan kun fahimta daki-daki, yanayin zai kasance kamar haka:

• Motocin gida na gaba da tsofaffin motocin waje - mashaya 13,5-14;
• motar motar motar baya - har zuwa 11-12;
• sababbin motoci na kasashen waje 13,7-16, da motoci masu turbocharged tare da babban girma har zuwa mashaya 18.
• a cikin silinda na dizal mota matsa lamba ya kamata a kalla 25-40 ATM.

Teburin da ke ƙasa yana nuna ƙarin ingantattun ƙimar matsa lamba don ICE daban-daban:

nau'in ICE	Daraja, bar	Iyakar sawa, mashaya
1.6, 2.0 l	10,0 - 13,0	7,0
1.8 l	9,0 - 14,0	7,5
3.0, 4.2 l	10,0 - 14,0	9,0
1.9 L TDI	25,0 - 31,0	19,0
2.5 L TDI	24,0 - 33,0	24,0

Sakamakon haɓakar haɓakar haɓaka

Lokacin darajar matsa lamba 2-3 kgf/cm², sa'an nan kuma, a cikin aikin juyawa, ya tashi sosai, sannan mafi kusantar lalacewa daga matsawa zobba. A cikin wannan yanayin, matsawa yana ƙaruwa sosai a farkon sake zagayowar aiki, idan an jefa mai a cikin silinda.

Lokacin matsa lamba nan da nan ya kai 6-9 kgf / cm² sannan kuma a zahiri baya canzawa, yana da yuwuwar hakan bawuloli ba m (lapping zai gyara halin da ake ciki) ko sawa silinda shugaban gasket.

A yanayin da aka lura rage matsawa (kimanin akan 20%) a cikin daya daga cikin silinda, kuma a lokaci guda ingin ɗin ba shi da kwanciyar hankali, sannan babba yiwuwar lalacewa na camshaft cam.

Idan sakamakon auna ma'auni ya nuna cewa a cikin ɗaya daga cikin silinda (ko biyu maƙwabta), matsa lamba yana tashi a hankali da hankali kuma. ku 3-5m. kasa al'ada, to, Wataƙila gasket mai hurawa tsakanin toshe da kai (kana buƙatar kula da mai a cikin mai sanyaya).

Af, kada ku yi farin ciki idan kuna da tsohuwar injin konewa na ciki, amma matsawa ya karu fiye da a kan sabon - karuwa a cikin matsawa saboda gaskiyar cewa sakamakon dogon aiki ɗakin konewa yana da ajiyar mai wanda ba wai kawai yana lalata yanayin zafi ba, har ma yana rage girmansa, kuma a sakamakon haka, fashewar hasken wuta da matsaloli iri ɗaya suna bayyana.

Rashin daidaituwar matsi na Silinda yana haifar da girgiza injin konewa na ciki (musamman ana iya gani a cikin marasa aiki da ƙananan gudu), wanda hakan kuma yana cutar da duka watsawa da kuma hawan injin. Don haka, tun da auna matsa lamba, yana da mahimmanci don yanke shawara da kawar da lahani.