Alƙawari, daidaitawa, gyarawa da maye gurbin bawuloli na injin Vaz 2101 da hannuwanku

VAZ 2101 shine samfurin farko da Kamfanin Volga Automobile Plant ya samar a farkon 1970. Fiat 124, wanda aka kafa a Turai, an dauki shi a matsayin tushen ci gabansa, Vaz 2101 na farko an sanye shi da injunan carburetor 1.2 da 1.3 lita, injin bawul ɗin da ake buƙatar gyara lokaci-lokaci.

Manufar da tsari na bawul inji VAZ 2101

Ayyukan injin konewa na ciki ba zai yiwu ba ba tare da tsarin rarraba iskar gas ba (lokaci), wanda ke tabbatar da cikawar lokaci na silinda tare da cakuda mai-iska kuma yana cire samfuran konewa. Don yin wannan, kowane Silinda yana da bawuloli guda biyu, na farko na abin da ake ci na cakuda, na biyu kuma don iskar gas. kyamarorin camshaft suna sarrafa bawuloli.

A cikin kowane zagayowar aiki, camshaft lobes suna buɗe bawuloli bi da bi

camshaft ɗin yana motsa shi ta hanyar crankshaft ta hanyar sarkar ko bel ɗin tuƙi. Don haka, a cikin tsarin fistan, an tabbatar da shigar da iskar gas da aka rarraba lokaci-lokaci bisa ga jerin matakan rarraba gas. Zagaye na kyamarori na camshaft suna danna kan makamai masu linzami (levers, rockers), wanda, bi da bi, yana kunna injin bawul. Kowane bawul yana sarrafa ta cam ɗinsa, buɗewa da rufe shi daidai da lokacin bawul ɗin. Ana rufe bawuloli ta hanyar maɓuɓɓugan ruwa.

Bawul ɗin ya ƙunshi sanda (kara, wuyansa) da hula tare da shimfidar wuri (faranti, kai) wanda ke rufe ɗakin konewa. Sanda yana motsawa tare da hannun riga wanda ke jagorantar motsinsa. Dukkan bel ɗin lokaci ana shafawa da man inji. Don hana maiko shiga cikin ɗakunan konewa, ana samar da iyakoki na goge mai.

Dole ne a canza maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, hatimi mai tushe da bawuloli lokaci-lokaci

Kowane lokacin bawul ɗin dole ne ya yi daidai da matsayin pistons a cikin silinda. Saboda haka, crankshaft da camshaft ana haɗa su da ƙarfi ta hanyar tuƙi, kuma shaft na farko yana juyawa daidai sau biyu da sauri kamar na biyu. Cikakken zagayen aikin injin ya ƙunshi matakai huɗu (bugun jini):

1. Shigar. Motsawa ƙasa a cikin silinda, piston yana haifar da vacuum sama da kanta. A lokaci guda, bawul ɗin ci yana buɗewa kuma cakudawar man-iska (FA) ya shiga ɗakin konewa a ƙananan matsa lamba. Lokacin da fistan ya isa ƙasa matattu cibiyar (BDC), bawul ɗin ci ya fara rufewa. A lokacin wannan bugun jini, crankshaft yana juyawa 180 °.
2. Matsi. Bayan isa BDC, fistan ya canza alkiblar motsi. Tashi, yana matsar da taron man fetur kuma yana haifar da babban matsa lamba a cikin silinda (8.5-11 atom a cikin mai da 15-16 ATM a cikin injunan diesel). An rufe bawuloli masu shiga da fitarwa. A sakamakon haka, fistan ya kai ga matattu cibiyar (TDC). Don zagayowar biyu, crankshaft ya yi juyin juya hali guda ɗaya, wato, ya juya 360 °.
3. Motsa aiki. Daga walƙiya, taron man fetur yana ƙonewa, kuma a ƙarƙashin matsin iskar gas da aka samu, ana tura piston zuwa BDC. A wannan lokacin, ana kuma rufe bawuloli. Tun daga farkon aikin sake zagayowar, crankshaft ya juya 540 °.
4. Saki Bayan ya wuce BDC, fistan ya fara motsawa sama, yana matsar da kayan konewar gas na taron man fetur. Wannan yana buɗe bawul ɗin shayewa, kuma a ƙarƙashin matsin iskar piston ana cire su daga ɗakin konewa. Domin hudu hawan keke, crankshaft yi sau biyu juyi (juya 720 °).

Matsakaicin gear tsakanin crankshaft da camshaft shine 2: 1. Don haka, yayin zagayowar aiki, camshaft yana yin cikakken juyin juya hali.

Lokacin injunan zamani sun bambanta a cikin sigogi masu zuwa:

• wuri na sama ko ƙasa na shingen rarraba gas;
• adadin camshafts - daya (SOHC) ko biyu (DOHC) shafts;
• adadin bawuloli a cikin silinda ɗaya (daga 2 zuwa 5);
• nau'in tuƙi daga crankshaft zuwa camshaft (bel ɗin haƙori, sarkar ko kaya).

Na farko carburetor engine VAZ model, samar daga 1970 zuwa 1980, yana da hudu cylinders tare da wani total girma na 1.2 lita, ikon 60 lita. Tare da kuma na'ura ce ta gargajiya ta in-line mai karfin bugun jini. Jirgin bawul ɗinsa ya ƙunshi bawuloli takwas (biyu ga kowane silinda). Unpretentiousness da aminci a cikin aiki ba shi damar amfani da man fetur AI-76.

Bidiyo: aikin rarraba iskar gas

Tsarin rarraba gas VAZ 2101

Tsarin rarraba gas na VAZ 2101 yana gudana ta hanyar crankshaft, kuma camshaft yana da alhakin aiki na bawuloli.

Tsarin rarraba gas VAZ 2101: 1 - crankshaft; 2 - crankshaft sprocket; 3 - sarkar tuƙi; 4 - kayan aikin hannu; 5 - daidaitawa naúrar tashin hankali; 6 - camshaft sprocket; 7 - camshaft; 8 - rocker (lever) na bawul; 9 - bawul; 10 - bushing don daidaita kusoshi; 11 - ƙulla daidaitawa; 12 - sarkar damp; 13- Alamar alama mai sarrafa aikin na'ura - mai rarraba wuta da famfo mai

A karfin juyi daga engine crankshaft (1) ta hanyar drive sprocket (2), sarkar (3) da kuma kore sprocket (6) ana daukar kwayar cutar zuwa camshaft (7) located a cikin Silinda shugaban (Silinda shugaban). Lobes na camshaft suna aiki lokaci-lokaci akan makamai masu kunnawa ko rockers (8) don motsa bawuloli (9). Ana saita ɓangarorin thermal na bawuloli ta hanyar daidaita kusoshi (11) dake cikin bushings (10). Ana tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki na motar sarkar ta hanyar bushing (4) da sashin daidaitawa (5), mai tayar da hankali, da damper (12).

Aiki hawan keke a cikin cylinders na VAZ 2101 engine suna da wani jerin.

Aiki bugun jini a cikin silinda VAZ 2101 yana da wani tsari: lambobi suna nuna lambobin bugun jini, kiban suna nuna jagorancin motsi na pistons a cikin silinda.

Babban malfunctions na lokaci Vaz 2101

Bisa kididdigar da aka yi, kowane injin inji na biyar yana faruwa a cikin tsarin rarraba iskar gas. Wani lokaci rashin aiki daban-daban suna da alamomi iri ɗaya, don haka ana kashe lokaci mai yawa akan ganewar asali da gyarawa. Abubuwan da ke faruwa na yau da kullun na gazawar lokaci ana rarrabe su.

1. Ba daidai ba saita tazarar zafi tsakanin rockers (levers, rocker makamai) da camshaft cams. Wannan yana haifar da rashin cika buɗewa ko rufe bawul. A lokacin aiki, injin bawul ɗin yana zafi sama, ƙarfe yana faɗaɗa, kuma bawul ɗin yana ƙara tsayi. Idan thermal rata aka saita ba daidai ba, da engine zai yi wuya a fara da kuma fara rasa iko, za a samu pops daga muffler da ƙwanƙwasa a yankin na mota. Ana kawar da wannan mummunan aiki ta hanyar daidaitawa ko maye gurbin bawuloli da camshaft idan an sa su.
2. Wuraren da aka sawa bawul mai tushe, mai tushe na bawul ko bushings jagora. Sakamakon hakan zai zama karuwar yawan man inji da kuma fitowar hayaki daga bututun shaye-shaye a lokacin da ba a aiki ko sake sakewa. Ana kawar da rashin aiki ta hanyar maye gurbin iyakoki, bawuloli da gyara kan silinda.
3. Rashin gazawar tukin camshaft sakamakon sako-sako ko karyewar sarka, karyewar na'urar damfara ko sarkar damp, lalacewa na sprockets. A sakamakon haka, za a keta lokacin bawul ɗin, bawul ɗin za su daskare, injin ɗin zai tsaya. Zai buƙaci babban gyara tare da maye gurbin duk sassan da suka gaza.
   

   Ana iya lankwasa bawuloli sakamakon zamewa ko karya sarkar lokaci
4. Maɓuɓɓugan ruwa masu karye ko sawa. Bawul ɗin ba za su rufe gaba ɗaya ba kuma za su fara bugawa, lokacin bawul ɗin zai rushe. A wannan yanayin, dole ne a maye gurbin maɓuɓɓugar ruwa.
5. Rashin cikar rufewa na bawuloli saboda ƙona chamfers masu aiki na faranti na bawul, samuwar adibas daga adibas na ƙarancin injin mai da man fetur. Sakamakon zai kasance kama da waɗanda aka bayyana a cikin sakin layi na 1 - gyara da maye gurbin bawuloli za a buƙaci.
6. Saka na bearings da camshaft cams. A sakamakon haka, bawul lokaci za a keta, da ikon da maƙura mayar da martani na engine za su ragu, ƙwanƙwasa zai bayyana a cikin lokaci, da kuma shi zai zama ba zai yiwu a daidaita thermal yarda da bawuloli. Ana magance matsalar ta maye gurbin abubuwan da suka lalace.

Bayan kawar da wani daga cikin malfunctions na VAZ 2101 engine, shi wajibi ne don daidaita rata tsakanin rockers da camshaft cams.

Bidiyo: tasirin bawul ɗin bawul akan aikin lokaci

Me yasa daidaita bawul ya zama dole? bawul clearances. Ka'idar

Dismantling da kuma gyara na Silinda shugaban Vaz 2101

Don maye gurbin hanyoyin bawul da jagorar bushings, zai zama dole a rushe shugaban Silinda. Wannan aikin yana ɗaukar lokaci sosai kuma yana ɗaukar nauyi, yana buƙatar wasu ƙwarewar makulli. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar kayan aikin masu zuwa:

• saitin wrenches (ana buƙatar kasancewar shugabannin don 8, 10, 13, 17, 19);
• slotted da Phillips sukudireba;
• matattara;
• mandrels don latsawa da latsa bushings jagora;
• kayan aiki A.60311 / R don cire maɓuɓɓugan bawul (raskuharivatel);
• mai ja da kuma mandrel don hatimin mai;
• karfin juyi tsananin baƙin ciki

Baya ga daidaitattun kayan aikin, gyaran kan silinda zai buƙaci mai farawa mai lanƙwasa, tsawo na ratchet da sandar solder mai laushi

Kafin fara dismantling na Silinda shugaban, shi wajibi ne:

1. Cire daskarewa daga tsarin sanyaya injin.
2. Cire matatar iska da carburetor, tun da a baya an cire haɗin duk bututu da hoses.
3. Cire haɗin wayoyi, cire matosai da firikwensin zafin jiki na hana daskarewa.
4. Bayan an kwance ƙwaya mai ɗaure tare da wuƙa don 10, cire murfin bawul tare da tsohuwar gasket.
   

   Kuna buƙatar maƙarƙashiya 10mm don cire murfin bawul.
5. Daidaita alamun jeri na crankshaft da camshaft. A wannan yanayin, pistons na silinda na farko da na huɗu za su matsa zuwa matsayi mafi girma.
   

   Kafin cire kan Silinda, dole ne a haɗa alamomin jeri na crankshaft da camshaft (a gefen hagu - camshaft sprocket, a dama - crankshaft pulley)
6. Sauke mai sarkar sarka, cire mai wanki da camshaft sprocket. Ba za ku iya cire sarkar daga sprocket ba, kuna buƙatar ɗaure su da waya.
7. Cire camshaft tare da mahalli.
8. Cire kusoshi masu daidaitawa, cire daga maɓuɓɓugan ruwa kuma cire duk rockers.

Sauya maɓuɓɓugan bawul da hatimi mai tushe

Ana iya maye gurbin goyan bayan bearings, camshaft, maɓuɓɓugan ruwa da hatimin bututun bawul ba tare da cire kan silinda ba. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar kayan aiki don cirewa (bushewa) maɓuɓɓugan bawul. Na farko, an maye gurbin abubuwan da aka nuna akan bawuloli na farko da na huɗun cylinders, waɗanda suke a TDC. Sa'an nan kuma crankshaft yana jujjuya shi ta hanyar maɗaukakiyar farawa ta 180^о, kuma ana maimaita aikin don bawuloli na silinda na biyu da na uku. Dukkan ayyuka ana yin su a cikin ƙayyadadden tsari.

1. Ana saka sandar ƙarfe mai laushi tare da diamita na kusan 8 mm a cikin ramin kyandir tsakanin fistan da bawul. Kuna iya amfani da tin solder, jan karfe, tagulla, tagulla, a cikin matsanancin hali - Phillips sukudireba.
   

   Ana saka sandar ƙarfe mai laushi ko Phillips screwdriver a cikin rami mai walƙiya tsakanin fistan da bawul.
2. An dunƙule na goro a kan camshaft mai ɗauke da ingarma. A ƙarƙashinsa, an fara rikon na'urar don fitar da crackers (na'urar A.60311 / R), wanda ke kulle bazara da farantinsa.
   

   Kwayar da ke kan ingarma tana aiki azaman tallafi, yana haifar da lever don cracker
3. An danna maɓuɓɓugar ruwa tare da ƙwanƙwasa, kuma an cire kullun kullewa tare da tweezers ko sandar magnetized.
   

   Maimakon tweezers, yana da kyau a yi amfani da sandar magnetized don cire crackers - a wannan yanayin, ba za a rasa ba.
4. An cire farantin karfe, sa'an nan kuma na waje da na ciki.
   

   Ana danna maɓuɓɓugan ruwa daga sama ta hanyar farantin da aka gyara tare da busassun biyu
5. Ana cire masu wanki na sama da na ƙasa waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin maɓuɓɓugan ruwa.
   

   Don cire hular juzu'in mai, kuna buƙatar cire masu wankin tallafi
6. Tare da screwdriver mai ramuka, a hankali cire kuma cire hular mai.
   

   Cire hular tare da screwdriver sosai don kada ya lalata gefen hannun rigar bawul
7. Ana sanya hannun rigar filastik mai kariya akan tushen bawul (an kawota da sabbin iyakoki).
   

   Hannun yana kare hular juzu'in mai daga lalacewa yayin shigarwa.
8. Ana sanya hular man da ke jujjuya man a kan daji kuma a matsar da ita zuwa sandar.
   

   Dole ne a lubricated gefen hular aiki tare da man inji kafin shigarwa.
9. Ana cire hannun rigar filastik tare da tweezers, kuma ana danna hular akan hannun rigar bawul.
   

   Don kada ya lalata hular, ana amfani da maɓalli na musamman lokacin danna shi

Idan ba a buƙatar wani aikin gyara ba, ana gudanar da taron lokaci a cikin tsari na baya. Bayan haka, wajibi ne don daidaita yanayin zafi na bawuloli.

Maye gurbin da lapping bawul, shigar da sabon jagora bushings

Idan kawukan bawul ɗin sun ƙone, ko kuma rufin ƙazanta a cikin mai da man fetur ya samo asali a kansu, yana hana sning dacewa da sirdi, dole ne a maye gurbin bawuloli. Wannan zai buƙaci tarwatsa kan silinda, wato, zai zama dole don kammala duk maki na algorithm na sama kafin shigar da sabon ma'auni na valve a kan wuyan bawul. Ana iya shigar da iyakoki da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa da kansu a kan kan silinda da aka cire bayan maye gurbin da lapping bawuloli. Ana gudanar da aikin a cikin tsari mai zuwa.

1. An katse hoses daga carburetor, bututu mai shiga da bututun fitar da jaket na sanyaya shugaban Silinda.
2. An katse mai gadin farawa da bututun shaye-shaye na mufflers daga mashigin shaye-shaye.
3. Cire haɗin firikwensin matsa lamba mai.
4. An yayyage kullin da ke tsare kan Silinda zuwa shingen Silinda, sannan a juya baya tare da ƙugiya da bera. An cire kan Silinda.
5. Idan ba a kwance hanyoyin bawul ɗin ba, an cire su daidai da umarnin da ke sama (duba "Maye gurbin maɓuɓɓugan bawul da hatimin bawul").
   

   Don maye gurbin bawuloli da bushings, kuna buƙatar tarwatsa hanyoyin bawul ɗin
6. Ana juya kan Silinda ta yadda gefen da ke kusa da shingen Silinda ya kasance a sama. Ana cire tsoffin bawuloli daga jagororinsu.
   

   Dole ne a cire tsoffin bawuloli daga jagororinsu.
7. Ana saka sabbin bawuloli a cikin jagororin kuma an duba don wasa. Idan ya cancanta don maye gurbin bushings jagora, ana amfani da kayan aiki na musamman.
   

   Mandrel don ƙwanƙwasa (saman) da latsa (ƙasa) bushings jagora
8. Shugaban Silinda yana zafi - zaka iya kan murhun lantarki. Domin bushings su dace da kyau a cikin kwasfa, ya kamata a shafa su da man inji.
   

   Shigar da sababbin bushings zai buƙaci guduma da mandrel da man inji
9. Sabbin bawuloli suna labe akan kujerun kan silinda ta amfani da manna lapping na musamman da rawar soja. Lokacin juyawa, fayafai dole ne a danna su lokaci-lokaci a kan sirdi tare da rikon guduma na katako. Ana shafa kowane bawul na mintuna da yawa, sannan ana cire manna daga samansa.
   

   Ana kammala lapping lokacin da saman wurin zama da bawul a wurin lamba ya zama matte
10. Shigar da hanyoyin bawul da taro na kan silinda ana aiwatar da shi a cikin tsari na baya. Kafin wannan, ana tsabtace saman kai da toshewar Silinda a hankali, ana shafawa da mai mai graphite, kuma ana sanya sabon gasket akan tudun silinda.
    

    Lokacin shigar da shugaban Silinda akan tubalin Silinda, dole ne a canza gasket zuwa wani sabon abu.
11. Lokacin shigar da kai a cikin shingen Silinda, ana ɗora kusoshi tare da maƙarƙashiya mai ƙarfi a cikin tsari mai ƙarfi kuma tare da wani ƙarfi. Na farko, ana amfani da ƙarfin 33.3-41.16 Nm akan duk kusoshi. (3.4-4.2 kgf-m.), Sa'an nan kuma an ƙarfafa su da ƙarfin 95.94-118.38 Nm. (9.79-12.08 kgf-m.).
    

    Idan ba ku bi oda na ƙara ƙulle ba, za ku iya lalata gasket da saman kan silinda.
12. Lokacin shigar da mahalli na camshaft, goro a kan ingarma kuma ana ƙarfafa su a wani jeri.
    

    Idan ba ku bi odar ƙarar goro na camshaft ɗin da ke ɗaukar gidaje ba, zaku iya jujjuya camshaft ɗin kanta.
13. Bayan shigar da shugaban Silinda da gidaje na camshaft, ana daidaita yanayin zafi na bawuloli.

Bidiyo: gyaran shugaban Silinda VAZ 2101-07

Me yasa bawul ɗin ya ƙone? Gyaran shugaban Silinda VAZ 2101-07-Niva

Daidaita yardawar zafi na bawul

Siffar ƙira ta injuna na samfuran VAZ na yau da kullun shine cewa yayin aiki da rata tsakanin camshaft cam da canje-canjen rocker-pusher. Ana ba da shawarar daidaita wannan tazarar kowane kilomita dubu 15. Don yin aiki, kuna buƙatar maƙallan 10, 13 da 17 da bincike mai kauri 0.15 mm. Aikin yana da sauƙi, kuma ko da direban da ba shi da kwarewa zai iya yin shi. Ana yin duk ayyuka akan injin sanyi a cikin tsari mai zuwa:

1. Bisa ga umarnin da ke sama, an cire murfin bawul (sashe na 4 na sashin "Dismantling da gyare-gyare na VAZ 2101 Silinda kai"), sannan murfin mai rarraba wuta. An cire ɗigon mai.
2. Alamar crankshaft da camshaft an haɗa su (sashe na 5 na sashin "Dismantling da gyara Silinda shugaban VAZ 2101"). An saita fistan na silinda na huɗu zuwa matsayin TDC, yayin da duka bawuloli suna rufe.
3. Ana shigar da bincike tsakanin rocker da camshaft cam na 8 da 6 valves, wanda yakamata ya shiga cikin ramin da ɗan wahala kuma kada yayi motsi cikin yardar kaina. Ana kwance goro da maɓalli na 17, kuma an saita tazar da maɓalli na 13. Bayan haka, an ɗaure kullin daidaitawa tare da makulli.
   

   Lokacin daidaita rata tare da maɓalli na 17, ƙwayar kulle tana kwance, kuma an saita ratar kanta tare da maɓalli na 13.
4. Ana jujjuya ƙugiya ta hanyar karkatacciyar mafari ta agogon agogo da 180 °. Valves 7 da 4 ana daidaita su ta hanya ɗaya.
   

   Bayan kunna crankshaft 180 °, bawuloli 7 da 4 an daidaita su
5. Ana sake juya crankshaft 180° agogon agogo baya kuma ana daidaita bawuloli 1 da 3.
   

   Idan ma'aunin jin bai dace da tazarar da ke tsakanin cam da rocker ba, sassauta makullin da daidaita kulle.
6. An sake juyawa crankshaft 180 ° agogon agogo kuma ana daidaita bawuloli 2 da 5.
   

   Bayan daidaita abubuwan bawul ɗin, fara injin ɗin kuma duba yadda yake aiki.
7. Ana shigar da dukkan sassa, gami da murfin bawul, a wurin.

Video: daidaitawa da bawul yarda VAZ 2101

Saita bawuloli a kan VAZ 2101

Murfin bawul

Murfin bawul yana rufewa kuma yana rufe lokacin, yana hana man shafawa na camshaft, bawuloli da sauran sassa daga zubewa. Bugu da ƙari, ana zuba sabon man inji ta wuyansa lokacin da ake maye gurbinsa. Saboda haka, an shigar da gasket ɗin rufewa tsakanin murfin bawul da kan silinda, wanda ake canza shi a duk lokacin da aka gyara ko gyara bawul ɗin.

Sauya gask ɗin murfin bawul bayan kowane daidaitawar bawul.

Kafin musanya shi, a hankali shafa saman saman kan Silinda da murfin daga ragowar man inji. Sa'an nan a sanya gasket a kan silinda kai studs kuma danna kan murfin. Wajibi ne cewa gasket ya dace daidai a cikin ramukan murfin. Bayan haka, ana ɗora ƙwaya mai ɗaure a cikin tsari mai mahimmanci.

A lokacin da tightening da bawul murfin kwayoyi, kada ku yi amfani da karfi da yawa - wannan na iya lalata murfin surface da gasket

Bidiyo: kawar da leaks mai daga ƙarƙashin murfin bawul VAZ 2101-07

Vaz classic. Murfin bawul, gyara zubewar mai.

Maye gurbin da gyaran bawul akan VAZ 2101 aiki ne mai cin lokaci kuma yana buƙatar wasu ƙwarewa. Duk da haka, samun saitin kayan aikin da ake bukata da kuma ci gaba da cika buƙatun umarnin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru, yana yiwuwa a sanya shi a zahiri har ma da ƙwararrun direba.