Saukewa: MQ-25A

Lokacin da MQ-25A a ƙarshe ya shiga sabis, zai zama mafi haɓakar abin hawa mara matuki a duniya. Aƙalla cikin waɗanda ba a ɓoye ba. Kusan dukkan motocin marasa matuki da ake amfani da su a halin yanzu mutum ne ke sarrafa su daga nesa. MQ-25A yakamata ya wakilci tsara na gaba - motocin jirage marasa matuki masu cin gashin kansu waɗanda suka rage a ƙarƙashin kulawar ɗan adam kawai. Hoton sojojin ruwan Amurka

Bayan shekaru goma na bincike, gwaji da gyare-gyare, a ƙarshe rundunar sojojin ruwan Amurka ta shirya wani shiri na shigar da jiragen marasa matuƙa a cikin sabis. Dandalin, wanda ake kira MQ-25A Stingray, an tsara shi don shigar da sabis a cikin 2022. Duk da haka, wannan ba zai zama jirgin leken asiri ba, kuma ba a buƙatar ya kasance yana da halayen da ba za a iya gano su ba, kamar yadda aka yi nufi da farko. Aikinsa shi ne yin ayyukan jirgin dakon mai a cikin iska. Aikin na biyu zai kasance bincike, bincike da kuma bin diddigin abubuwan da suka faru (NDP).

A farkon shekara ta 2003, Hukumar Kula da Cigaban Ayyukan Tsaro ta Amurka (DARPA) ta fara shirye-shiryen gwaji guda biyu don ƙirƙirar motocin yaƙi marasa matuƙa. An tsara shirin Sojan Sama na Amurka UCAV (Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle) kuma shirin Sojojin Ruwa na Amurka suna UCAV-N (UCAV-Naval). A cikin XNUMX, Pentagon ta haɗu da shirye-shiryen guda biyu a cikin shirin guda ɗaya don ƙirƙirar "Haɗin gwiwar Haɗin Kan Yaƙi da Jirgin Sama", ko J-UCAS (Haɗin gwiwar Yaƙi da Jirgin Sama).

A matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin UCAV, Boeing ya ƙera samfurin samfurin X-45A, wanda ya tashi a ranar 22 ga Mayu, 2002. X-45A na biyu ya tashi a cikin watan Nuwamba na wannan shekarar. A matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin UCAV-N, Northrop Grumman ya ƙirƙiri wani samfurin jirgin sama mara matuki, wanda ya keɓance X-47A Pegasus, wanda aka gwada a ranar 23 ga Fabrairu, 2003. Dukansu sun nuna ƙarancin gani na radar, injinan sun ɓoye zurfi a cikin fuselage da Abubuwan da ake amfani da iskar injin sun kasance a cikin fuselage na gaba na sama. Dukansu kuma suna da ɗakunan bama-bamai.

Bayan jerin gwaje-gwajen iska, Boeing ya kirkiro wani samfurin, wanda ya kera X-45C. Ba kamar X-45A na gwaji ba, ya kamata ya kasance yana da ƙira mafi girma kuma mai ma'ana, mai tunawa da B-2A Ruhu mai fashewa. An shirya gina samfura guda uku a shekara ta 2005, amma babu wanda aka gina a ƙarshe. Ma'anar ita ce janyewar sojojin sama daga shirin J-UCAS a cikin Maris 2006. Sojojin ruwa kuma sun yi watsi da shi, sun fara nasu shirin.

UCAS-D shirin

A cikin 2006, kuma tare da haɗin gwiwar DARPA, sojojin ruwa na Amurka sun ƙaddamar da shirin UCAS-D (Unmanned Combat Air System-Demonstrator), watau. gina mai nuna tsarin yaƙin iska mara matuki. Northrop Grumman ya shiga cikin shirin tare da wani tsari na samfur, wanda aka tsara X-47B, da Boeing tare da nau'in X-45C mai iska, wanda aka kera X-45N.

Daga ƙarshe, Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta zaɓi aikin Northrop Grumman, wanda aka ba da kwangilar gina wani jirgin sama mara matuki, wanda ya kera X-47B. Kamfanoni masu zuwa sun shiga a matsayin masu kwangila a cikin shirin: Lockheed Martin, Pratt & Whitney, GKN Aerospace, General Electric, UTC Aerospace Systems, Dell, Honeywell, Moog, Parker Aerospace da Rockwell Collins.

An ƙirƙiri samfuran tashi guda biyu: AV-1 (Air Vehicle) da AV-2. An kammala na farko a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 2008, amma ba a gwada shi ba sai ranar 4 ga Fabrairu, 2011 saboda jinkirin shirye-shiryen da kuma buƙatar jerin gwaje-gwajen jiragen sama. Samfurin AV-2 ya tashi a ranar 22 ga Nuwamba, 2011. Dukkanin jirage biyun sun yi su ne a sansanin sojojin sama na Edwards da ke California.

A cikin Mayu 2012, samfurin AV-1 ya fara jerin gwaje-gwaje a NAS Patuxent River Naval Base a Maryland. A watan Yuni 2, AB-2012 ya shiga shi. Gwaje-gwajen sun haɗa da, musamman, gwajin bakan na'urar lantarki, hawan tasi, tashin katafat da kuma saukar da jirgin sama a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje na ƙasa wanda ke yin kwatankwacin bene mai ɗaukar jirgi. Tashin farko na katafault ya faru ne a ranar 29 ga Nuwamba, 2012. Igiyar farko ta sauka a kogin Patuxent ya faru ne a ranar 4 ga Mayu, 2013.

A ƙarshen Nuwamba 2012, an fara gwaje-gwaje na farko a kan jirgin dakon kaya USS Harry S. Truman (CVN-75), wanda aka kafa a sansanin sojojin ruwa a Norfolk, Virginia. A ranar 18 ga Disamba, 2012, X-47B ya kammala gwajin teku a cikin jirgin dakon jirgin USS Harry S. Truman. A lokacin yakin neman zaben, an kimanta daidaiton jirgin da rataye, lif da tsarin cikin jirgi na jigilar jirgin. An kuma duba yadda jirgin ke yi a lokacin da yake tuki a cikin jirgin. Ana sarrafa X-47B daga ƙasa ko daga bene mai ɗaukar jirgin sama ta hanyar tashar CDU ta musamman (Control Nuni Unit). "Mai aiki" na jirgin yana haɗa shi zuwa ga hannun gaba kuma, godiya ga farin ciki na musamman, zai iya sarrafa jirgin kamar mota ta rediyo. A cikin iska, X-47B yana aiwatar da ayyuka kai-tsaye ko na kai-da-kai. Ba matukin jirgi ne ke sarrafa shi ba, kamar yadda ake yi da jirgin da aka tuƙi daga nesa kamar MQ-1 Predator ko MQ-9 Reaper. Ma'aikacin jirgin sama yana ba wa X-47B ayyuka na gaba ɗaya kawai, kamar tashi ta hanyar da aka zaɓa, zaɓin makoma, tashi da sauka. Bugu da ari, jirgin yana da kansa yana yin ayyukan da aka sanya. Koyaya, idan ya cancanta, zaku iya sarrafa shi kai tsaye.

Mayu 14, 2013 X-47B ya buɗe sabon babi a cikin tarihin zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na Amurka. Jirgin bayan ya yi nasarar korar shi daga benen jirgin dakon kaya USS George HW Bush (CVN-77) ya yi tafiyar minti 65 kuma ya sauka a sansanin kogin Patuxent. A ranar 10 ga Yuli na wannan shekarar, X-47B ya yi saukar da jiragen ruwa guda biyu a cikin jirgin USS George HW Bush. X-47B da kanta ta soke sauka na ukun da aka shirya bayan ta gano wani abu ta atomatik a cikin aikin kwamfutar kewayawa. Daga nan ta wuce zuwa tsibirin Wallops na NASA, Virginia, inda ta sauka ba tare da wata matsala ba.

A ranar 9-19 ga Nuwamba, 2013, duka X-47Bs sun yi jerin ƙarin gwaje-gwaje a kan jirgin dakon jirgin USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN-71). Waɗannan su ne gwaje-gwajen farko na samfura biyu. Bayan tafiyar minti 45, jirgin ya yi tafarki-da-tsaki-da-tafi da sauka. An kimanta halayensu a cikin iska mai ƙarfi da hura daga wasu wurare fiye da lokacin gwaje-gwajen da suka gabata. A wani gwajin kuma, daya daga cikin jiragen ya zagaya jirgin dakon jirgin, yayin da daya ya tashi tsakanin jirgin da tashar kasa.

Ya zuwa ranar 18 ga Satumba, 2013, jimlar lokacin jirgin X-47B ya kasance sa'o'i 100. Gwaje-gwajen da suka biyo baya a cikin USS Theodore Roosevelt an yi su ne a ranar 10 ga Nuwamba, 2013. Ma’aikatan jirgin dakon kaya sun yi tashe-tashen hankula da dama.