Abubuwan da aka yi alkawarin tashi da saukar jiragen sama ga Sojojin Amurka
A matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin FVL, Sojojin Amurka sun shirya siyan sabbin motoci dubu 2-4 waɗanda za su maye gurbin jirage masu saukar ungulu na dangin UH-60 na Black Hawk da farko.
AN-64 Apache. Hoto. Bell Helicopter
Sojojin Amurka sannu a hankali amma tabbas suna aiwatar da wani shiri don gabatar da iyali sabbin dandamali na VLT don maye gurbin sufuri na yanzu da kuma kai hari da jirage masu saukar ungulu a nan gaba. Shirin Tsaya Tsaye na gaba (FVL) ya ƙunshi haɓakar sifofi waɗanda, dangane da halayensu da ƙarfinsu, za su zarce manyan jirage masu saukar ungulu kamar UH-60 Black Hawk, CH-47 Chinook ko AH-64 Apache.
An ƙaddamar da shirin FVL a hukumance a cikin 2009. Sannan Sojojin Amurka sun gabatar da shirin aiwatar da shirin na shekaru da yawa da nufin maye gurbin jirage masu saukar ungulu da ake amfani da su a halin yanzu. Umurnin Ayyuka na Musamman (SOCOM) da Marine Corps (USMC) suma suna da sha'awar shiga cikin shirin. A cikin Oktoba 2011, Pentagon ya gabatar da cikakken ra'ayi: sababbin dandamali ya kamata su kasance da sauri, suna da babban iyaka da kaya, zama mai rahusa da sauƙin aiki fiye da jirage masu saukar ungulu. A matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin FVL, sojojin sun yi niyyar siyan sabbin motoci dubu 2-4, waɗanda za su maye gurbin jirage masu saukar ungulu daga UH-60 Black Hawk da AH-64 Iyalan Apache. Tun da farko an shirya ƙaddamar da aikin su ne a kusa da 2030.
Mafi ƙarancin aikin da aka ayyana don jirage masu saukar ungulu na magaji ya ci gaba da aiki a yau:
- Matsakaicin gudun ba kasa da 500 km/h,
- gudun gudun 425 km/h,
- nisan kilomita 1000,
- nisan dabara na kusan kilomita 400,
- Yiwuwar yin shawagi a wani tsayin da ya kai aƙalla 1800m a yanayin zafin iska na +35°C;
- Matsakaicin tsayin jirgin yana kusan 9000 m,
- ikon jigilar mayaka 11 cikakkun makamai (don zaɓin sufuri).
Waɗannan buƙatun a zahiri ba za a iya samun su ga jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu ba har ma don tashi sama da jirgin sama a tsaye tare da rotors V-22 Osprey. Koyaya, wannan shine ainihin zato na shirin FVL. Masu tsara shirye-shiryen sojojin Amurka sun yanke shawarar cewa idan za a yi amfani da sabon ƙirar a cikin rabin na biyu na karni na XNUMX, to ya kamata ya zama mataki na gaba a cikin haɓaka rotors. Wannan zato daidai ne saboda helikofta na gargajiya a matsayin zane ya kai iyakar ci gabansa. Babban fa'idar jirgi mai saukar ungulu - babban na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa kuma shine babban cikas ga samun saurin tashi sama, tsayi mai tsayi da kuma ikon yin aiki a nesa mai nisa. Wannan shi ne saboda ilimin kimiyyar lissafi na babban rotor, ruwan wukake wanda, tare da karuwa a cikin saurin kwance na helikofta, yana haifar da ƙarin juriya.
Don magance wannan matsala, masana'antun sun fara gwadawa tare da haɓaka jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu tare da rotors masu ƙarfi. An gina waɗannan samfurori masu zuwa: Bell 533, Lockheed XH-51, Lockheed AH-56 Cheyenne, Piasecki 16H, Sikorsky S-72 da Sikorsky XH-59 ABC (Advancing Blade Concept). An ƙarfafa ta da ƙarin injunan jet ɗin iskar gas guda biyu da na'urori masu ƙarfi guda biyu masu jujjuyawa na coaxial, XH-59 ya sami saurin rikodin 488 km / h a matakin jirgin. Koyaya, samfurin yana da wahalar tashi, yana da rawar jiki mai ƙarfi kuma yana da ƙarfi sosai. An kammala aiki a kan sifofin da ke sama a tsakiyar tamanin na ƙarni na ƙarshe. Babu wani gyare-gyaren da aka gwada da aka yi amfani da su a cikin jirage masu saukar ungulu da aka samar a lokacin. A wancan lokacin, Pentagon ba ta da sha'awar saka hannun jari a cikin sabbin fasahohi, tsawon shekaru tana da wadatuwa tare da gyare-gyare kawai na tsarin da aka yi amfani da su.
Don haka, ci gaban jirage masu saukar ungulu ko ta yaya ya tsaya a wurin kuma ya kasance mai nisa a bayan haɓakar jiragen sama. Sabon sabon ƙira da Amurka ta ɗauka shine helikwaftan harin Apache AH-64 da aka haɓaka a cikin 2007s. Bayan dogon lokaci na gwaji da matsalolin fasaha, V-22 Osprey ya shiga sabis a cikin '22. Duk da haka, wannan ba jirgi mai saukar ungulu ba ne ko ma rotorcraft, amma jirgin sama ne mai jujjuyawa (tiltiplane). Wannan ya kamata ya zama martani ga iyakantaccen iyawar jirage masu saukar ungulu. Kuma a gaskiya ma, B-22 yana da sauri mafi girma da sauri da kuma iyakar gudu, da kuma mafi girman kewayo da rufin jirgin sama fiye da jirage masu saukar ungulu. Duk da haka, B-XNUMX kuma ba ta cika ka'idojin shirin FVL ba, tun lokacin da aka kirkiro zane-zane shekaru talatin da suka wuce, kuma, duk da sababbin abubuwa, jirgin yana da fasahar fasaha.
