MacPherson dakatarwa - menene shi
Abubuwa
Lokacin da motar ta motsa akan hanya, tana shawo kan matsaloli daban-daban, kuma a wasu yankuna ana iya kwatanta su da abin birgima. Don kada motar ta ruguje kuma kowa a cikin gidan bai sami damuwa ba, an sanya dakatarwa a cikin motar.
Munyi magana game da nau'ikan tsarin kadan a baya... A yanzu, bari mu mai da hankali kan iri-iri - aikin MacPherson.
Menene MacPherson abin wuya
Yawancin kasafin kuɗi na yau da kullun da motoci masu matsakaita suna sanye da wannan tsarin rage darajar. A cikin samfuran da suka fi tsada, ana iya amfani da shi dakatar da iska ko wani iri.
Babban aikace-aikacen MacPherson yana kan ƙafafun gaba, kodayake a cikin tsarin masu zaman kansu kuma ana iya samun sa akan axle na baya. Abubuwan da aka keɓance na tsarin da ake tattaunawa shine cewa yana da nau'ikan nau'ikan masu zaman kansu. Wato, kowace ƙafa tana da abin da take ɗora-ruwa a bazara, wanda ke tabbatar da shawo kan cikas da sanadin dawowar ta don saurin zuwa waƙar.
Tarihin halitta
Kafin injiniyoyi na 40s na karnin da ya gabata, tambaya ita ce: ta yaya za a tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na jikin motar, amma a lokaci guda don duk ɓarna a kan hanya ta mutu ta hanyar tsarin akwatin motar.
A wancan lokacin, tsarin da ya dogara da nau'in ƙashi biyu na fata ya wanzu. Injiniya a kamfanin kera motoci na Amurka Ford, Earl MacPherson ne ya kera strut. Don sauƙaƙe ƙirar dakatarwar ƙashi biyu, mai haɓakawa ya yi amfani da ƙwanƙwasa mai ɗaukar nauyi tare da bugun girgiza (karanta game da tsarin abubuwan shaye -shaye) a nan).
Shawarwarin amfani da marmaro da marmarin hargitsi a cikin ɗayan matakan ya ba da damar cire hannun babba daga tsarin. A karon farko wata motar samarwa, wacce aka dakatar da ita wacce irin wannan fitowar ta fito, ta tashi daga layin taron a 1948. Wata Ford Vedette ce.
Daga bisani, an inganta matsayin. Yawancin gyare-gyare sun yi amfani da wasu masana'antun (tuni a farkon shekarun 70). Duk da nau'ikan nau'ikan samfuran, ƙirar tsari da tsarin aiki sun kasance iri ɗaya.
Ka'idar dakatarwa
MacPherson yana aiki bisa ka'ida mai zuwa. Rakitin yana tsaye a kan babba (game da dalilin da yasa ake buƙata da kuma irin ayyukan da suke faruwa a cikin goyan bayan buguwa ana bayyana su a cikin wani bita na daban).
A ƙasan, ana ɗora faren ɗin a kan maƙarƙashiya ko kuma a kan abin libawa. A cikin yanayin farko, mai shanyewar zai sami tallafi na musamman, a cikin na'urar da ɗaukar ta shiga, tunda raket zai juya tare da dabaran.
Lokacin da motar ta buga karo, mai ɗaukar damuwa yana laushi girgiza. Tunda an tsara yawancin masu shanyewa ba tare da dawowar bazara ba, tushe zai kasance a wurin. Idan aka barshi a wannan matsayin, token zai rasa inda yake kuma motar zata faɗi.
Dakatarwar ta yi amfani da bazara don sake tabbatar da tuntuɓar tsakanin ƙafafun da hanyar. Da sauri ya dawo da abin birgewa zuwa asalinsa - sandar ba ta cikin gidan da ke da ruwa.
Yin amfani da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa kawai zai kuma sassauta girgiza yayin tuƙi a kan tudu. Amma irin wannan dakatarwar yana da babban koma baya - jikin motar yana girgiza sosai wanda duk wanda ke cikin ɗakin zai sami rashin lafiya bayan tafiya mai tsawo.
Wannan shine yadda duk abubuwan dakatarwa suke aiki:
MacPherson na'urar dakatarwa
Tsarin ƙirar McPherson ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu zuwa:
- Shock absorber - yana aiki kamar danshi yayin tuki;
- Maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, wacce a cikin kanta akwai dusar ƙanƙara;
- Hanyar dabaran Swivel;
- Armananan hannu yana hana motsi mai tsawo na tsarin.
Baya ga manyan abubuwan haɗin, haɗin haɗin ƙwallon suna da ƙusoshin roba. Ana buƙatar su don rage ƙananan rawanin da ke faruwa yayin aikin dakatarwa.
Abubuwan dakatarwa
Kowane ɗayan dakatarwa yana yin muhimmin aiki, yana mai da abin hawa abin hawa mai sauƙi kamar yadda ya kamata.
Dakatarwar strut
Wannan rukunin ya ƙunshi abin birgewa, tsakanin kofukan tallafi waɗanda aka ɗora marmaro. Don kwance taron, ya zama dole a yi amfani da abin bugawa na musamman wanda ke matse zaren, yana mai da amintaccen kwance makullin.
An gyara tallafi na sama a cikin gilashin jiki, kuma galibi yana da tasiri a cikin na'urar sa. Godiya ga kasancewar wannan ɓangaren, yana yiwuwa a shigar da ƙirar a kan dunƙule. Wannan yana bawa keken juyawa ba tareda cutarwa ga jikin abin hawa ba.
Don tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na inji a lanƙwasa, an shigar da rake tare da ɗan gangare. Partananan ɓangaren yana da ɗan tsawo na waje. Wannan kusurwa ya dogara da halaye na duka dakatarwar kuma ba mai daidaituwa bane.
Wishananan ƙasusuwa
Ana amfani da kashin fata ne don hana zirga-zirgar dogon lokaci lokacin da na'urar ta sami cikas kamar shinge. Don hana lever motsawa, an saita shi zuwa subframe a wurare biyu.
Wani lokaci akan sami levers waɗanda suke da maɓallin haɗawa ɗaya. A wannan yanayin, juyawarsa ma bazai yuwu ba, tunda har yanzu za'a iya saita shi ta hanyar dirka, wanda kuma zaiyi gaba da subframe.
Lever wani nau'i ne na jagora don motsi na ƙafafun tsaye ba tare da la'akari da kusurwa mai juyawa ba. Daga gefen motar, an haɗa haɗin ƙwallon a kanta (ƙirarta da maƙasudin sauyawa an bayyana su daban).
Anti-mirgine mashaya
An gabatar da wannan jigon azaman mahaɗin mai lanƙwasa wanda ya haɗa duka hannayen (a gefuna) da subframe (an gyara a tsakiya) Wasu gyare-gyare suna da tarkon kansu (me yasa ake buƙatarsa da yadda yake aiki, an bayyana shi a nan).
Aikin da mai tabbatar da gefen hanya yake yi shine kawar da birgimar motar yayin ɗagawa. Baya ga ƙarin ƙarfafawa, ɓangaren yana ba da aminci kan lanƙwasa. Gaskiyar ita ce lokacin da motar ta shiga juyawa a cikin sauri, tsakiyar nauyin jiki yana motsawa zuwa gefe ɗaya.
Saboda wannan, a gefe ɗaya, an ɗora ƙafafun fiye da ɗaya, kuma a ɗayan, akasin haka, ana sauke su, wanda ke haifar da raguwar manne su zuwa hanya. Maigida na gefe yana kiyaye ƙafafun mara nauyi a ƙasa don kyakkyawar ma'amala da farfajiyar hanyar.
Duk motocin zamani suna da kayan kwalliya ta gaba. Koyaya, yawancin samfuran suma suna da kayan baya. Musamman galibi galibi ana iya samun irin wannan na'urar a kan motocin hawa-hawa huɗu waɗanda ke shiga cikin wasannin tsere.
Fa'idodi da rashin amfanin tsarin MacPherson
Duk wani gyare-gyare ga tsarin abin hawa na yau da kullun yana da fa'ida da rashin amfani. A takaice game da su - a tebur mai zuwa.
| Daraja McFerson: | Rashin dacewar dakatarwar MacPherson: |
| Ana kashe kuɗi kaɗan da kayan aiki don ƙera ta, idan muka kwatanta gyara da levers biyu | Propertiesananan ƙasa da ƙarancin kuzari fiye da ƙafafun fata guda biyu (tare da makamai masu zuwa ko ƙasusuwa) |
| Karamin zane | A yayin aiwatar da tuƙi a kan hanyoyi tare da ɗaukar hoto mara kyau, ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan abubuwa suna bayyana a kan lokaci a wurin da aka makala na goyon baya na sama, saboda abin da dole ne a ƙarfafa gilashin |
| Lowerananan nauyin jigilar (idan aka kwatanta da nau'in bazara, misali) | A yayin lalacewa, ana iya maye gurbin mai girgiza, amma ɓangaren kansa da aikin maye gurbin yana da kuɗi mai kyau (farashin ya dogara da ƙirar mota) |
| Thearfin juyawar babban tallafi yana ƙaruwa da albarkatunta | Mai firgitarwa yana da kusan a tsaye, wanda yawanci yakan haifar da jijjiga daga hanya zuwa jiki |
| Ana iya gano gazawar dakatarwa cikin sauƙi (yadda ake yin wannan, karanta a cikin wani bita na daban) | Lokacin da motar taka birki, jiki zai ciji da ƙarfi fiye da sauran nau'ikan dakatarwa. Saboda wannan, an sauke bayan motar da yawa, wanda cikin sauri sauri ke haifar da zamiya na ƙafafun baya |
Yana da kyau a lura cewa Strut na McPherson ana sabunta shi koyaushe, don haka kowane sabon tsari yana samar da kwanciyar hankali na inji mafi kyau, kuma rayuwar aiki yana ƙaruwa.
A ƙarshe, muna ba da shawarar kallon cikakken bidiyo game da bambanci tsakanin nau'ikan dakatarwa da yawa:
Tambayoyi & Amsa:
Menene bambanci tsakanin dakatarwar MacPherson da Multi-link? Tufafin MacPherson ƙaƙƙarfan ƙira ce ta mahaɗi da yawa. Ya ƙunshi levers guda biyu (ba tare da na sama ba) da ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa. Multi-link yana da aƙalla levers 4 kowane gefe.
Yadda ake fahimtar dakatarwar MacPherson? Babban abin da ke cikin wannan dakatarwa shine ƙaƙƙarfan damper strut. An ɗora shi a kan shimfidar wuri kuma yana dogara da gilashin goyon baya a bayan reshe.
Menene dakatarwar mahaɗi da yawa? Wannan nau'in dakatarwa ne wanda ya ƙunshi aƙalla levers 4 akan kowace dabaran, mai ɗaukar girgiza guda ɗaya da maɓuɓɓugar ruwa, abin hawa, mai jujjuyawar stabilizer da ƙaramin firam.
Wadanne nau'ikan lanƙwasa ne akwai? Akwai MacPherson, kashin buri biyu, mahaɗi mai yawa, "De Dion", abin dogaro na baya, dakatarwar baya mai zaman kanta. Dangane da nau'in motar, za a shigar da nau'in dakatarwarta.
