Mai don injunan diesel

Mai don injunan diesel ya bambanta da irin wannan ruwaye na raka'a mai. Wannan ya faru ne saboda bambancin aikin su, da kuma yanayin da mai ya kamata ya yi aiki. wato injin konewar dizal na ciki yana aiki a ƙananan yanayin zafi, yana amfani da cakuda mai da iska mai ƙarfi, kuma hanyoyin samar da cakudawa da konewa suna faruwa cikin sauri. Saboda haka, man dizal dole ne ya sami wasu halaye da kaddarorin, wanda za mu yi magana game da shi a cikin wannan labarin.

Yadda ake zabar man injin dizal

Kafin ci gaba zuwa halaye na man fetur, yana da daraja a taƙaice magana game da yanayin da aka tilasta masa yin aiki. Da farko, dole ne a tuna cewa man fetur a cikin dizal ICE ba ya ƙone gaba ɗaya, yana barin babban adadin soot a sakamakon konewa. Kuma idan man dizal ba shi da inganci kuma yana ɗauke da adadi mai yawa na sulfur, to samfuran konewa kuma suna da illa ga mai.

Tun da matsin lamba a cikin injin dizal ya fi girma, iskar gas kuma ana samun su da yawa, kuma iskar da ta dace ba koyaushe take jure su ba. Wannan shi ne dalilin kai tsaye cewa man dizal ya tsufa da sauri da sauri, yana rasa kayan kariya da kayan wankewa, kuma yana yin oxidizes.

Akwai sigogi da yawa waɗanda dole ne direban mota ya yi la'akari da su lokacin zabar mai mai. Yana yiwuwa a rarrabe uku manyan halaye na man inji:

• inganci - an tsara buƙatun a cikin rarrabuwar API / ACEA / ILSAC;
• danko - kama da ma'aunin SAE;
• tushen mai shine ma'adinai, roba ko Semi-synthetic.

Ana nuna bayanan da suka dace akan marufin mai. Koyaya, a lokaci guda, mai motar dole ne ya san buƙatun da mai kera motoci ke yi don zaɓar ruwa mai daidaitattun sigogi.

Halayen man dizal engine

to za mu yi nazari sosai a kan sigogin da aka jera domin masu sha'awar mota su jagorance su yayin saye da zabar man shafawa wanda ya fi dacewa da injin konewar mota.

ingancin mai

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, an tsara shi ta ka'idodin API, ACEA da ILSAC. Dangane da ma'auni na farko, alamomin "C" da "S" sune alamomin abin da injin konewa na ciki ake nufi da mai. Saboda haka, harafin "C" yana nufin cewa an tsara shi don injunan diesel. Kuma idan "S" - to ga fetur. Hakanan akwai nau'in mai na duniya, wanda aka nuna ta takaddun shaida azaman S / C. A dabi'a, a cikin mahallin wannan labarin, za mu yi sha'awar mai daga rukuni na farko.

Baya ga nuna sigar injin konewa na ciki, akwai ƙarin ƙididdige ƙima na alamar. Ga injunan diesel yayi kama da haka:

• haruffan CC suna nuna ba kawai manufar “dizal” na mai ba, har ma da cewa injinan dole ne su kasance na yanayi, ko kuma tare da haɓaka matsakaici;
• CD ko CE manyan man dizal ne da ake samarwa kafin da bayan 1983, bi da bi;
• CF-4 - an tsara shi don injunan bugun jini 4 da aka saki bayan 1990;
• CG-4 - sabon ƙarni mai, don raka'a kerarre bayan 1994;
• CD-11 ko CF-2 - an tsara shi don injunan dizal mai bugun jini 2.

Bugu da ƙari, za ku iya gane man "dizal" bisa ga ƙayyadaddun ACEA:

• B1-96 - tsara don raka'a ba tare da turbocharging ba;
• B2-96 da B3-96 - tsara don raka'a mota tare da ko ba tare da turbocharging;
• E1-96, E2-96 da E3-96 na manyan motoci ne masu injunan haɓakawa.

Man danko

Sauƙaƙan fitar da mai ta hanyar tashoshi da abubuwan tsarin kai tsaye ya dogara da ƙimar danko. Bugu da kari, danko na man fetur yana rinjayar yawan samar da shi zuwa nau'i-nau'i masu aiki na shafa a cikin injin konewa na ciki, yawan cajin baturi, da kuma juriya na inji na crankshaft ta mai farawa lokacin farawa a cikin yanayin sanyi. Saboda haka, ga injuna dizal man shafawa tare da danko index na 5W (har zuwa -25 ° C), 10W (har zuwa -20 ° C), ƙasa da sau da yawa 15W (har zuwa -15 ° C). Saboda haka, ƙarami adadin kafin harafin W, ƙarancin ɗanɗano mai zai zama.

Mai ceton makamashi yana da ƙarancin danko. Suna ƙirƙirar ƙaramin fim ɗin kariya a saman ƙarfe, amma a lokaci guda adana makamashi da man fetur don samar da shi. Duk da haka, ya kamata a yi amfani da waɗannan mai kawai tare da takamaiman ICEs (ya kamata su kasance da kunkuntar hanyoyin mai).

Lokacin zabar ɗaya ko wani mai, dole ne koyaushe ku yi la'akari da halayen yanki wanda injin ke aiki. wato, mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki a cikin hunturu da matsakaicin lokacin rani. Idan wannan bambanci yana da girma, to, yana da kyau a saya mai guda biyu daban - hunturu da rani, kuma maye gurbin su lokaci-lokaci. Idan bambancin zafin jiki yana da ƙananan, to, zaka iya amfani da "duk kakar".

Ga injunan diesel, duk lokacin yanayi bai yi fice ba kamar na injinan mai. Dalilin haka shi ne cewa a mafi yawan latitudes a cikin ƙasarmu bambancin zafin jiki yana da mahimmanci.

Idan ciki konewa engine yana da matsaloli tare da Silinda-piston kungiyar, matsawa, da kuma ba ya fara da kyau "sanyi", sa'an nan shi ne mafi alhẽri saya dizal engine man fetur da ƙananan danko.

Tushen man injin dizal

Har ila yau, al'ada ce a raba mai zuwa iri dangane da tushensu. A yau an san nau'ikan mai guda uku, mafi arha daga cikinsu shine man ma'adinai. Amma da wuya a yi amfani da shi, sai dai watakila a cikin tsofaffin ICEs, tun da na roba ko Semi-synthetic suna da halaye masu kyau.

Koyaya, manyan abubuwan sune kawai bin ka'idodin da mai kera mai ya bayyana tare da waɗanda ke buƙatar kera motoci, da kuma asalin mai. Abu na biyu ba shi da mahimmanci fiye da na farko, tun da yawancin dillalan motoci a halin yanzu suna sayar da jabun da bai dace da halayen da aka ayyana ba.

Menene mafi kyawun mai don turbodiesel

Yanayin aiki na injin dizal mai turbocharged ya bambanta da na yau da kullun. Da farko, ana bayyana wannan a cikin babban saurin jujjuyawar injin injin (fiye da 100 har ma da jujjuyawar dubu 200 a minti daya), saboda abin da zafin injin konewa na ciki yana ƙaruwa sosai (zai iya wuce + 270 ° C). , kuma lalacewa yana ƙaruwa. Don haka, mai don injin dizal tare da injin turbin dole ne ya sami mafi girman kariya da kaddarorin aiki.

La'akari da zabar daya ko wani iri na man fetur don turbocharged dizal engine zama iri daya da na al'ada daya. Babban abu a cikin wannan yanayin shine bin shawarwarin masana'anta. Akwai wani ra'ayi cewa turbocharged engine man dizal dole ne ya zama roba tushen. Duk da haka, a gaskiya wannan ba haka yake ba.

Tabbas, "synthetics" zai zama mafi kyawun bayani, amma yana yiwuwa a cika duka "Semi-synthetics" har ma da "ruwa mai ma'adinai", amma zaɓi na ƙarshe ba zai zama mafi kyawun zaɓi ba. Kodayake farashinsa ya ragu, idan aka yi la'akari da yanayin aiki, zai buƙaci a canza shi akai-akai, wanda zai haifar da ƙarin sharar gida, kuma zai fi muni don kare injin konewa na ciki.

Bari mu jera bayanai game da wanda aka ba da shawarar mai turbodiesel ta shahararrun masana'antun. Don haka, don injunan dizal mai turbocharged da aka kera bayan 2004 kuma suna da tacewa, bisa ga ma'aunin ACEA, yakamata a yi amfani da shi:

DELO man dizal

• Mitsubishi da Mazda sun ba da shawarar mai B1;
• Toyota (Lexus), Honda (Acura), Fiat, Citroen, Peugeot - B2 mai;
• Renault-Nissan - mai B3 da B4.

Sauran masu kera motoci suna ba da shawarar samfuran masu zuwa:

• Kamfanin Ford don injunan dizal na turbo da aka kera a cikin 2004 kuma daga baya tare da tacewa yana ba da shawarar mai samfurin M2C913C.
• Volkswagen (da Skoda da Seat, waɗanda ke cikin damuwa) har ma sun ware nau'in mai na VW 507 00 Castrol don injunan turbodiesel na damuwa, waɗanda aka samar kafin 2004 kuma suna da tacewa.
• A cikin motoci kerarre da General Motors Corporation (Opel, Chevrolet da sauransu), turbocharged dizal injuna bayan 2004 tare da particulate tace amfani da Dexos 2 man fetur.
• Don turbodiesel BMWs kerarre kafin 2004 da kuma sanye take da particulate tace, shawarar man ne BMW Longlife-04.

Na dabam, yana da daraja ambaton injunan TDI da aka sanya akan Audi. Suna da izini masu zuwa:

• injuna har zuwa shekara ta 2000 - index VW505.01;
• motoci 2000-2003 - 506.01;
• raka'a bayan 2004 suna da ma'aunin mai na 507.00.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa injin dizal mai turbocharged dole ne a cika shi da mai mai inganci wanda ya dace da buƙatun da masana'anta suka bayyana. Wannan ya faru ne saboda yanayin aiki na sashin da aka kwatanta a sama. Bugu da ƙari, tuna cewa motar da aka yi amfani da ita yana buƙatar tafiya ta lokaci-lokaci tare da kaya mai kyau, don haka turbine da man fetur a cikinta ba su "stagnate". Sabili da haka, kar ka manta ba kawai don amfani da man "daidai" ba, amma har ma don sarrafa na'ura daidai.

Samfuran mai don injunan konewa na ciki

Shahararrun masu kera motoci na duniya kai tsaye suna ba da shawarar cewa masu siye su yi amfani da mai na wasu samfuran (sau da yawa ana samar da su). Misali:

Shahararren mai ZIC XQ 5000

• Hyundai/Kia yana ba da shawarar mai ZIC (XQ LS).
• Ford na ICE Zetec yana ba da mai M2C 913.
• A cikin ICE Opel har zuwa 2000, ACEA ta ba da izinin mai A3 / B3. Motoci bayan 2000 na iya aiki akan GM-LL-B-025 da aka amince da mai.
• BMW yana ba da shawarar amfani da man Castrol da aka amince da shi ko mai daga nasa samfurin BMW Longlife. Wannan gaskiya ne musamman ga injunan konewa na ciki, waɗanda aka sanye da tsarin lokaci mai canzawa.
• The Mercedes-Benz damuwa ga injunan diesel bayan 2004, sanye take da particulate tace, samar da mai a karkashin nasa iri tare da wani index of 229.31 da kuma 229.51. Ɗaya daga cikin mafi girman jurewar mai na inji don injunan diesel shine ma'auni daga 504.00 zuwa 507. A cikin motocin diesel, ana ba da shawarar amfani da mai mai alamar CF-00.

Har ila yau muna ba da bayanai masu amfani tare da kimar shahararrun mai don injunan diesel. Lokacin tattara kimar, an yi la'akari da ra'ayin masana da ke gudanar da bincike mai dacewa. watau ga mai alamomi masu zuwa suna da mahimmanci:

• kasancewar abubuwan ƙari na musamman;
• rage abun ciki na phosphorus, wanda ke tabbatar da amintaccen hulɗar ruwa tare da iskar gas bayan tsarin kulawa;
• kariya mai kyau daga tsarin lalata;
• low hygroscopicity (man ba ya sha danshi daga yanayi).

Lokacin zabar wata alama ta musamman, tabbatar da yin la'akari da buƙatun mai kera motar ku.

Yi	Description	Viscosity	API/WATO	Cost
ZIC XQ 5000 10W-40	Daya daga cikin mafi kyau kuma mafi mashahuri man dizal. An yi shi a Koriya ta Kudu. Ana iya amfani dashi a cikin ICE tare da turbine. An ba da shawarar ga Mercedes-Benz, MAN, Volvo, Scania, Renault, MACK	10W-40	API CI-4; ACEA E6/E4. Yana da izini masu zuwa: MB 228.5/228.51, MAN M 3477/3277 Rage Ash, MTU Type 3, VOLVO VDS-3, SCANIA LDF-2, Cummins 20076/77/72/71, Renault VI RXD, Mack EO-M+	$22 ga gwangwani 6 lita.
LIQUI MOLY 5W-30 TopTech-4600	Shahararren mai kuma maras tsada daga sanannen masana'anta na Jamus.	5W-30	ACEA C3; API SN/CF; MB-Freigabe 229.51; BMW Longlife 04; VW 502.00/505.00; Ford WSS-M2C 917 A; Dexos 2.	$110 ga gwangwani 20 lita.
ADDINOL Diesel Longlife MD 1548 (SAE 15W-40)	Ya kasance na nau'in mai da aka tsara don aiki tare da ICEs masu nauyi (Mai nauyi mai nauyi). Saboda haka, ana iya amfani dashi ba kawai a cikin motocin fasinja ba, har ma a cikin manyan motoci.	15W-40	CI-4, CF-4, CG-4, CH-4, CI-4 PLUS, SL; A3/B3, E3, E5, E7. Amincewa: MB 228.3, MB 229.1, Volvo VDS-3, Renault RLD-2, Global DHD-1, MACK EO-N, Allison C-4, VW 501 01, VW 505 00, ZF TE-ML 07C, Caterpillar ECF - 2, Caterpillar ECF-1-a, Deutz DQC III-10, MAN 3275-1	$125 ga gwangwani 20 lita.
Mobil Delvac MX 15W-40	Ana amfani da wannan mai na Belgium don motoci da manyan motoci a Turai. Ya bambanta a babban inganci.	15W-40	API CI-4/CH-4/SL/SJ; ACEA E7; MB Amincewa 228.3; Volvo VDS-3; MAN M3275-1; Renault Trucks RLD-2 da sauransu	$37 ga gwangwani 4 lita.
CHEVRON Delo 400 MGX 15W-40	Man Amurka don manyan motocin dizal da motoci (Komatsu, Man, Chrysler, Volvo, Mitsubishi). Ana iya amfani dashi a cikin injunan konewa na ciki.	15W-40	API: CI-4, CH-4, CG-4, CF-4; Saukewa: E4,E7. Amincewa da masana'anta: MB 228.51, Deutz DQC III-05, Renault RLD-2, Renault VI RXD, Volvo VDS-3, MACK EO-M Plus, Volvo VDS-2.	$15 ga gwangwani 3,8 lita.
Castrol Magnatec Professional 5w30	Shahararren mai. Duk da haka, yana da ƙananan danko na motsi.	5W-30	ACEA A5/B5; API CF/SN; ILSAC GF4; Haɗu da Ford WSS-M2C913-C/WSS-M2C913-D.	$44 ga gwangwani 4 lita.

Ana nuna matsakaicin farashi kamar farashin rani na 2017 don Moscow da yankin

Farashin man dizal ya dogara da abubuwa hudu - nau'in tushe (synthetic, Semi-synthetic, ma'adinai), girman kwandon da aka siyar da ruwa, halaye bisa ga ka'idodin SAE / API / ACEA da sauransu, kazalika da alamar masana'anta. Muna ba da shawarar ku sayi mai daga matsakaicin farashin farashi.

Bambance-bambance tsakanin man dizal da man fetur

Yana kawo illa ga mai

Kamar yadda ka sani, injunan konewar dizal na cikin gida suna dogara ne akan ka'idar kunna wuta, ba daga walƙiya ba (kamar man fetur). Irin waɗannan motocin suna zana iska, wanda aka matsa ciki zuwa wani matakin. Wannan cakuda yana ƙonewa a cikin injunan diesel da sauri fiye da injunan mai, wanda ya sa ya fi wuya a tabbatar da cikakken amfani da mai, kuma wannan, bi da bi, yana haifar da samuwar soot a cikin adadi mai yawa akan sassa.

Bisa la'akari da haka, da kuma saboda matsanancin matsin lamba a cikin ɗakin, man fetur ya yi sauri ya rasa ainihin kayansa, oxidizes kuma ya zama mara amfani. Hakan na faruwa ne musamman a lokacin da ake amfani da man dizal mai ƙarancin inganci, wanda yake da yawa a ƙasarmu. Dangantaka da wannan babban bambanci tsakanin man dizal daga analogues don injunan man fetur - yana da kaddarorin antioxidant masu ƙarfi da lubricating.

Abin lura shi ne cewa yawan tsufa na man fetur ya fi girma ga injunan konewa na dizal na ciki, wanda ke nufin cewa suna buƙatar kulawa da hankali.

Sakamakon

Mai don injunan konewa na ciki na dizal yana da ingantaccen aiki da halayen aiki fiye da raka'o'in mai. Lokacin zabar, dole ne ku saka idanu da bin ka'idodin mai manufacturer ta bayyana bukatun. Wannan ya shafi duka injunan diesel na al'ada da na'urori masu turbocharged.

Hattara da karya. Yi sayayya a cikin shaguna masu dogara.

sannan kuma a yi kokarin kara mai a gidajen mai da aka tabbatar. Idan man dizal yana da babban abun ciki na sulfur, to man zai gaza da yawa a baya. wato abin da ake kira lambar tushe (TBN). Abin baƙin ciki shine, ga ƙasashen da suka biyo bayan Tarayyar Soviet ana samun matsala lokacin da ake sayar da mai mai ƙarancin inganci a gidajen mai. Don haka, gwada cika mai tare da TBN = 9 ... 12, yawanci ana nuna wannan ƙimar kusa da ma'aunin ACEA.