Tanki mai walƙiya mai haske BT-2 Tank Red Army ya karbe shi a watan Mayu 1931. Ba'amurke mai tsara Christie ne ya ƙirƙira ta bisa tushen abin hawa mai ƙafafu kuma ita ce ta farko a cikin dangin BT (Fast Tanki) ci gaba a cikin Tarayyar Soviet. Jikin tankin, wanda aka taru ta hanyar rive daga farantin sulke tare da kauri na 13 mm, yana da sashin akwati. Ƙofar ƙyanƙyasar da direban ya ɗauko a cikin takardar gaban motar. An ajiye makaman a cikin turret mai siliki. Tankin yana da halaye masu saurin gudu. Godiya ga ainihin ƙirar chassis, yana iya motsawa duka akan motocin safa da masu ƙafafu. A kowane gefe akwai ƙafafu guda huɗu masu roba masu girman diamita, kuma ƙafafun na baya suna aiki a matsayin ƙafafun tuƙi, na gaba kuma masu tuƙi ne. Canja wurin daga nau'in nau'in na'urar motsa jiki zuwa wani ya ɗauki kusan mintuna 30. Tankin BT-2, kamar tankunan da suka biyo baya na dangin BT, an samar da su ne a masana'antar motsa jiki ta Kharkov mai suna bayan I. Comintern. Shekaru da yawa daga ƙarshen 20s da farkon 30s na ƙarni na 20th Tankin Christie an yi amfani da shi azaman tushe, a cikin ƙirƙirar motocin soja na Soviet na farko, ba shakka, tare da haɓaka da haɓakawa da ƙari masu alaƙa da makamai, watsawa, injuna da sauran sigogi. Bayan shigar da wani musamman tsara turret tare da makamai a kan chassis na Christie tank, da sabon tanki aka soma da Red Army a 1931 da kuma sanya a cikin samar a karkashin nadi BT-2. Ranar 7 ga Nuwamba, 1931, an nuna motoci uku na farko a faretin. Har zuwa 1933, an gina 623 BT-2s. Na farko samar da tanki mai saɓo mai ƙafafu an tsara shi BT-2 kuma ya bambanta da samfurin Amurka a cikin fasalulluka masu yawa. Da farko dai, tankin yana da turret mai jujjuya (tsara ta injiniyan A.A. Maloshtanov), sanye take da fitilun fitilu (tare da ramukan walƙiya da yawa). An sake fasalin rukunin fada - an motsa akwatunan harsasai, an saka sabbin na'urori, da dai sauransu. Jikinsa akwati ne da aka harhada daga farantin sulke da ke hade da rive. Bangaren jiki na gaba yana da sifar dala da aka yanke. Don saukowa a cikin tanki, an yi amfani da ƙofar gaba, wanda ya buɗe kanta. A samansa, a bangon gaban rumfar direban, akwai wata garkuwa mai ramin kallo, wacce ta jingina sama. Bangaren hancin ya kunshi simintin karfe, wanda farantin sulke na gaba da na kasa suka zagaya aka yi musu walda. Bugu da kari, ya yi aiki a matsayin ƙugiya don hawa rak da tuƙi. An zare bututun ƙarfe ta hanyar simintin gyare-gyare, an yi masa walda a waje zuwa iyakar sulke kuma an yi niyya don ɗaure ƙwanƙolin ramin. Consoles a cikin nau'i na zanen gadon sulke na sulke an welded (ko riveted) zuwa hanci na ƙugiya a ɓangarorin biyu, wanda ke aiki azaman ɓangaren ɗaure bututu tare da hancin kwandon. Na'urorin wasan bidiyo suna da dandali don haɗa maƙallan roba waɗanda ke iyakance tafiye-tafiyen masu ɗaukar girgiza na ƙafafun tuƙi na gaba. Ganuwar gefen kwandon tanki biyu ne. Bakin bangon ciki an yi shi da ƙarfe mara sulke kuma yana da ramuka uku don wucewar bututun ƙarfe maras sumul don hawa ramukan axle na ƙafafun titin. Daga waje, 5 struts an riveted zuwa zanen gado don ɗora maɓuɓɓugan karkace cylindrical na dakatarwa. Tsakanin 3rd da 4th struts, wani tankin iskar gas yana kan rufin katako. Gidajen tuƙi na ƙarshe an zana su zuwa ɓangaren baya na ƙananan zanen gadon ciki na ƙwanƙwasa, kuma struts don haɗa maɓuɓɓugar baya sun yi riveted zuwa ɓangaren sama. Zanen bango na waje suna da sulke. An makale su a madaidaicin magudanar ruwa. A waje, a ɓangarorin biyu, an ɗora fikafikan su a madaukai huɗu. 1. Bakin dabaran jagora. 2. dabaran jagora. 3. Lever birki na dutse. 4.Hatch don tashi da saukar jirgin. 5. Rukunin tuƙi. 6. Gearshift lever. 7. Garkuwar gaba na direba. 8.Manual tsarin juya hasumiya. 9. Tutiya na gaba. 10. Hasumiya. 11. Madaurin kafada. 12. Injin 'yanci. 13. Rarraba sashin injin. 14.Main kama. 15. Gearbox. 16. Makafi. 17. Mai shiru. 18. Kunnen kunne. 19.Crawler wheel wheel. 20. Ƙarshe gidaje. 21. Gitar. 22. Tafiyar motar tuƙi. 23. Fan. 24. Tankin mai. 25. Support abin nadi. 26. Horizontal spring na gaba waƙa abin nadi. 27. Tutiya na gaba. 28. Track iko lever. 29.Cikin kan jirgi Ƙarƙashin kwandon tanki ya ƙunshi gidaje biyu na ƙarshe na tuƙi, an sa shi kuma an yi masa walda a kan bututun ƙarfe, wanda aka zana zuwa zanen gado na ciki; zanen gado biyu - a tsaye da kuma karkata, welded zuwa bututu da crankcases (biyu na ja da baya suna riveted zuwa takarda a tsaye), da garkuwar baya mai cirewa wacce ta rufe sashin watsawa daga baya. A tsaye a bangon garkuwa akwai ramuka don wucewar bututun shaye-shaye. Daga waje, an makale mai shiru da garkuwa. Kasan jikin yana da ƙarfi, daga takarda ɗaya. A cikinsa, a ƙarƙashin famfon mai, akwai ƙyanƙyashe don tarwatsa injin da matosai guda biyu don zubar da ruwa da mai. Rufin da ke gaba yana da katon rami mai zagaye don turret mai riveted na kafadar madaurin gindin ƙwallon. Sama da injin injin da ke tsakiya, rufin ya kasance mai cirewa, tare da takardar da aka naɗe da kulle tare da latch daga ciki; Daga waje, an buɗe bawul ɗin da maɓalli. A tsakiyar takardar akwai rami don fitar da bututun iskar gas zuwa carburetors. A gefen takarda mai cirewa a kan raƙuman, an haɗa garkuwar radiyo, a ƙarƙashin abin da aka tsotse iska don kwantar da radiators. Sama da sashin watsawa akwai ƙyanƙyasar murabba'i don fitowar iska mai zafi, rufe da makafi. An makala faranti na sulke na tsayin daka sama da sararin da ke tsakanin bangon gefe zuwa maƙallan bazara tare da sanduna. Kowace takarda tana da ramukan zagaye uku (mafi girman wucewar gilashin daidaitawar bazara, da kuma tsakiyar sama da wuyan filler na tankin gas); Wani rami mai ramin ramuka yana sama da toshe bututun iskar gas, kuma an shigar da maƙalai uku na bel ɗin waƙa akan fiffiken naɗe-kaɗe a nan. An raba ɓangaren ciki na kwandon tanki ta hanyar ɓangarori zuwa sassa 4: sarrafawa, fama, inji da watsawa. A cikin na farko, kusa da wurin zama direba, akwai levers da na'urorin sarrafawa da dashboard mai kayan aiki. A cikin na biyu kuma, an cika alburusai, an kuma cika wani wuri na kwamandan tanki (shi ma bindiga ne da loda). Bangaren fada ya rabu da sashin injin ta wani bangare mai rugujewa tare da kofofin. Dakin injin ya ƙunshi injin, radiators, tankin mai da baturi; an raba shi daga sashin watsawa ta hanyar yanki mai rugujewa, wanda ke da yankewa ga fan. Kaurin sulke na gaba da na gefen tarkace ya kai mm 13, kashin kashin ya kai mm 10, rufin da kasa ya kai mm 10 da 6 mm. Turret na BT-2 tanki yana da sulke (kauri mai kauri shine 13 mm), zagaye, riveted, juyawa ta 50 mm baya. A baya akwai na'urar shimfida harsashi. Daga sama, hasumiya tana da ƙyanƙyashe tare da murfi wanda ya jingina gaba a kan hinges guda biyu kuma an kulle shi a cikin rufaffiyar wuri tare da kulle. A gefen hagunsa akwai ƙyanƙyashe zagaye don alamar tuta. Saman hasumiyar ta kasance a gaba. An haɗa bangon gefen daga ɓangarorin biyu. Daga ƙasa, madaidaicin kafada na sama na ƙwallon ƙwallon an haɗa shi da hasumiya. An yi jujjuyawar da birki na hasumiya ta hanyar amfani da tsarin jujjuyawar, wanda tushensa shine akwatin gear na duniya. Don juya turret, kwamandan tanki ya juya sitiyarin da hannu. Madaidaicin makaman tanki na BT-2 shine igwa 37 mm B-3 (5K) na ƙirar 1931 da bindigar injin DT 7,62 mm. An saka bindigar da mashin ɗin daban: na farko a cikin sulke mai motsi, na biyu a cikin ƙwallo zuwa dama na bindigar. Matsakaicin tsayin bindiga +25°, raguwa -8°. An gudanar da jagora a tsaye ta amfani da hutun kafada. Don harbi da niyya, an yi amfani da abin gani na telescopic. Harsashin bindiga - 92 harbi, bindigogi - 2709 zagaye (43 disks). Tankuna 60 na farko ba su da na'ura mai nau'in ball, amma makaman tankin sun nuna matsala. Ya kamata a ba wa tankin da bindiga mai girman 37mm da kuma mashina, amma saboda rashin na'urar, tankunan na jerin na farko suna dauke da manyan bindigogi guda biyu (wanda ke cikin shigarwa iri daya) ko kuma ba su da makami kwata-kwata. . Bindigar tanki mai tsawon mm 37 tare da tsayin ganga na calibers 60 wani bambance-bambancen bindigar anti-tanki mai nauyin mm 37 na samfurin 1930, kuma an kammala shi ne kawai a lokacin rani na 1933. Umurni na farko ya bayar da samar da bindigogin tanka 350 a Shuka Maharbi # 8. Tun daga wannan lokacin an riga an riga an bayyana wani nau'in tanki na 45-mm anti-tanki na samfurin 1932, an yi watsi da ƙarin samar da bindigar 37mm. Tankuna 350 suna dauke da tagwayen bindigogin DA-2 masu girman girman 7,62mm, wadanda aka sanya su a cikin rumbun kwarya na turret a cikin wani abin rufe fuska na musamman. Maskurin da ke kan mashin ɗinsa ya juya a kusa da axis a kwance, wanda ya ba da damar ba da bindigogin kusurwar kusurwar +22 ° da raguwar -25 °. An ba da kusurwoyi masu nuni a tsaye (ba tare da juya turret ba) ga bindigogin injin ta hanyar jujjuya na'urar da aka ƙera ta musamman da aka saka a cikin abin rufe fuska tare da taimakon fil na tsaye, yayin da aka sami kusurwoyi: 6 ° zuwa dama, 8 ° zuwa hagu. A gefen dama na waɗanda aka haɗa su akwai bindigar injin DT guda ɗaya. Harbi daga wani tagwayen shigarwa an yi shi da wani mai harbi, tsaye, jingina da kirji a kan bib, chin a kan chinrest. Bugu da ƙari, duk shigarwar ya kwanta tare da kafada kafada a gefen dama na mai harbi. Harsashi ya ƙunshi fayafai 43 - 2709 zagaye. Injin tanki injin jirgin sama ne mai bugun jini mai bugun jini guda hudu, alamar M-5-400 (akan wasu injinan, injin jirgin sama na American Liberty mai kwatankwacinsa aka sanya shi), tare da kara na'ura mai jujjuyawa, injin fanka da na'urar tashi. Ikon engine a 1650 rpm - 400 lita. Tare da Watsawar wutar lantarki ta ƙunshi babban faifan faifai na busassun juzu'i (karfe akan karfe), wanda aka ɗora akan yatsan crankshaft, akwatin gear mai sauri huɗu, clutches multi-disk guda biyu tare da birki na band, biyu guda- matakin karshe na tuƙi da akwatunan gear guda biyu (guitars) na tuƙi zuwa ƙafafun titin baya - jagora lokacin da keken hannu. Kowane guitar yana da saitin gear biyar da aka sanya a cikin akwati, wanda a lokaci guda yayi aiki azaman ma'auni don dabaran hanya ta ƙarshe. Motocin sarrafa tanki na inji ne. Ana amfani da levers guda biyu don kunna waƙoƙin caterpillar, kuma ana amfani da sitiya don kunna ƙafafun. Tankin yana da nau'ikan motsa jiki guda biyu: mai sa ido da ƙafafu. Na farko ya ƙunshi sarƙoƙi na caterpillar guda biyu, kowannensu yana da waƙoƙi 46 (23 lebur da ridge 23) tare da faɗin 260 mm; biyu raya drive ƙafafun da diamita na 640 mm; ƙafafun hanyoyi takwas masu diamita na 815 mm da rollers jagororin marasa aiki guda biyu tare da masu tayar da hankali. An dakatar da rollers ɗin waƙa daban-daban akan maɓuɓɓugan ruwa na siliki da aka samo don. rollers shida a tsaye, tsakanin bangon ciki da na waje na ƙwanƙwasa, da kuma na gaba biyu - a kwance, a cikin ɗakin fada. Tafukan tuƙi da nadi na waƙa suna da rufin roba. BT-2 ita ce tanki na farko da aka saka cikin sabis tare da irin wannan dakatarwa. Tare da babban darajar takamaiman iko, wannan shine ɗayan mahimman yanayi don ƙirƙirar motar yaƙi mai sauri. Serial na farko tankuna BT-2s ya fara shiga cikin sojojin a 1932. Wadannan motocin yaki an yi niyya ne don samar da makamai masu zaman kansu, wanda kawai wakilinsu a wancan lokacin a cikin Red Army shine brigade na 1st mechanized mai suna K. B. Kalinovsky, wanda ke zaune a gundumar soja ta Moscow. A abun da ke ciki na goyon bayan fama na brigade hada da wani "bataliyar tankunan hallaka", dauke da makamai BT-2 motocin. Aiki a cikin sojojin ya bayyana kasawa da yawa na tankunan BT-2. Injunan da ba su da tabbaci sau da yawa sun gaza, an lalata waƙoƙin katapillar da aka yi da ƙananan ƙarfe. Ba ƙaramin ƙaranci ba shine matsalar kayan gyara. Don haka, a farkon rabin 1933, masana'antar ta samar da waƙoƙi 80 kawai. BT tankuna. Halayen dabara da fasaha   BT-2 tare da shigarwa YA-2 BT-2 (shan taba- mashin bindiga) BT-5 (1933 g.) BT-5 (1934 g.) Yaki da nauyi, t 10.2 11 11.6 11,9 Ma'aikata, mutane 2 3 3 3 Tsayin jiki, mm 5500 5500 5800 5800 Width, mm 2230 2230 2230 2230 Height, mm 2160 2160 2250 2250 Tsarkaka, mm 350 350 350 350 Takaita wuta Bindiga   37 mm B-3 45 mm20 ku 45 mm20 ku Gun bindiga 2 × 7,62 DT 7,62 DT 7,62DT 7.62 DT Harsasai (tare da yawo-talkie / ba tare da magana ba): bawo   92 105 72/115 harsashi 2520 2709 2700 2709 Ajiye, mm: goshin goshi 13 13 13 13 gefen kwalkwali 13 13 13 13 mai tsanani 13 13 13 1 З hasumiya goshin 13 13 17 15 gefen hasumiyar 13 13 17 15 abinci hasumiya 13 13 17 15 rufin hasumiya 10 10 10 10 Injin "Yanci" "Yanci" M-5 M-5 Arfi, h.p. 400 400 365 365 Max. gudun babbar hanya, a kan waƙa / ƙafafun, km / h 52/72 52/72 53/72 53/72 Gudun tafiya a kan babbar hanya waƙa / ƙafafun, km 160/200 160/200 150/200 150/200 Duba kuma: "T-26 Tankin Haske (Bambancin Turret guda ɗaya)" Halin da motocin yaƙi ke zama ya bar abin da ake so, wanda a cikinsa yana da zafi a lokacin rani da sanyi sosai a lokacin sanyi. Yawancin rugujewa an danganta su da ƙarancin horon fasaha na ma'aikata. Duk da gazawa da rikitarwa na aiki, tankuna sun ƙaunaci tankunan BT saboda kyawawan halaye masu ƙarfi waɗanda suke amfani da su gabaɗaya. Saboda haka, a shekarar 1935, a lokacin da atisayen, BT ma'aikatan da aka riga yin m tsalle a cikin motoci a kan daban-daban cikas da 15-20 mita, da kuma kowane motoci "gudanar" tsalle kamar 40 mita. Tankuna BT-2s aka quite rayayye amfani a cikin makamai rikice-rikice a cikin abin da USSR dauki bangare. Misali, akwai irin wannan ambaton fadan da aka yi a kogin Khalkhin-Gol: A ranar 3 ga watan Yuli ne sojojin kasar Japan na wani runduna suka tsallaka Khalkhin-Gol, suka mamaye yankin kusa da tsaunin Bain-Tsagan. Runduna ta biyu ta matsa tare da bakin kogin da nufin yanke mashigar da lalata sassan mu a gabar gabas. Don ceton ranar, an jefar da 11th Tank Brigade (132 BT-2 da BT-5) a cikin harin. Tankunan sun tafi ba tare da goyon bayan sojoji da bindigogi ba, wanda ya haifar da hasara mai yawa, amma an kammala aikin: a rana ta uku, an kori Jafanawa daga matsayinsu a gabar yamma. Bayan haka, an samu kwanciyar hankali a gaba. Bugu da kari, BT-2 dauki bangare a cikin Liberation yaƙin neman zaɓe zuwa yammacin Ukraine a 1939, a cikin Soviet-Finnish yaki da kuma a farkon lokaci na Great Patriotic War. A cikin duka, a cikin lokaci daga 1932 zuwa 1933. An samar da tankuna 208 BT-2 a cikin juzu'in na'ura-bindigu da 412 a cikin sigar injin-gun. Sources: Svirin M. N. “Makamai yana da ƙarfi. Tarihi na Soviet tank. 1919-1937”; G.L. Kholyavsky "The Complete Encyclopedia na Duniya Tankuna 1915 - 2000"; Tankuna masu haske BT-2 da BT-5 [Bronekollektsiya 1996-01] (M. Baryatinsky, M. Kolomiets); M. Kolomiets "Tankuna a cikin Yaƙin hunturu" ("Hoto na gaba"); Mikhail Svirin. Tankuna na zamanin Stalin. Superencyclopedia. "Golden zamanin Soviet tank gini"; Shunkov V., "Red Army"; M. Pavlov, I. Zheltov, I. Pavlov. "BT Tankuna".