Lvov-Sandomierz m aiki.
Abubuwa
Tankunan Jamus PzKpfw VI Tygrys da PzKpfw V Pantera, an harbe su a yankin Drokhobych; Western Ukraine, Agusta 1944
Ayyukan da sojojin Soviet suka yi a Belarus sun haifar da yanayi mai kyau don kai hari na 1944th Ukrainian Front (1st UV) a cikin Lvov-Sandomierz a tsakiyar Yuli 1. A ranar 25 ga Mayu, Maris ya karbi umarni na 1st FI daga Marshal Georgy Zhukov. Ivan Konev.
A jujjuyawar kilomita 440, zuwa yammacin Kovel, Tarnopol da Kolomyia, ƙungiyar sojojin "Arewacin Ukraine" a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Field Marshal Walter Model ta mamaye babban ɓangaren dakarunta. Ya hada da dakarun tankokin yaki na 1 da na 4 na Jamus, da kuma sojojin Hungarian na daya, a jimillar runduna ta 1, da rukunin tankokin yaki 34, da masu motoci 5 da kuma brigades na sojojin kasa 1. Tare da sojoji da jami’ai sama da 2 600, bindigu da kuma turmi 6300, tankokin yaki 900 da bindigu. A lokaci guda kuma, sassan ɓangaren hagu na 4st Panzer Army sun kasance a gaban sojojin na 1th Belorussian Front. An tura jiragen sama na 4 don tallafawa ayyukan tsaro na 700th Air Fleet. Dakarun na Jamus sun yi fatan cewa da wadannan dakarun za su rike wani bangare na Ukraine a hannunsu, sannan kuma za su rufe hanyoyin da suka kai kudancin Poland da Czechoslovakia, wadanda ke da matukar muhimmanci a fannin tattalin arziki da dabaru.
Bayan shan shan kashi a bankin dama na Ukraine da kuma tsammanin sabon "bugunan Stalinist", Jamusawa sun karfafa da kuma inganta matsayinsu na tsaro, musamman a cikin hanyar Lvov. An kirkiro layin tsaro guda uku a kai, amma kafin a fara kai farmakin sojojin Soviet, biyu ne kawai aka shirya, suna samar da dabarun tsaro. Rukunin tankuna guda biyar, daya mai motoci da rukunin sojoji uku sun yi aiki a ajiye tare da kwamandojin sojojin da GA "Arewacin Ukraine".
Lvov aiki
Ƙungiya ta 1 ta Ukraine ta haɗa da: 1st, 3rd and 5th guards, 13th, 18th, 38th and 60th runs, 1st and 3rd guards and 4th i tank Army, 2nd air Army, 4th guards, 25th and 31st tank guards 1th 6st 1st runs. gawarwaki. Corps, da kuma Czechoslovak 74st Army Corps. Gabaɗaya, gaban ya haɗa da ƙungiyoyin sojoji 6, ƙungiyoyin sojan doki 4, rukunin bindigogi 1, rukunin maharba 3 na masu gadi (masu harba makaman roka), gawawwakin injiniyoyi 7, tanka 4, brigade sulke daban-daban 17, rukunin tankunan tanki 1,2 daban da na kai. bindigogi masu motsi. - kimanin sojoji da jami'ai miliyan 15, bindigogi 500 da kuma turmi, 1056 makaman roka, tankuna 1667 da bindigogi masu sarrafa kansu 529, jiragen yaki 3250. Ita ce rukunin gaba mafi girma na duk wanda aka kafa ya zuwa yanzu.
Wani ginshiƙi na sojoji na sojojin Hungarian sun wuce da motar kwamandan GA "Arewacin Ukraine" Field Marshal Walter Model.
Dangane da aikin da ake sa ran, babban kwamandan kolin ya gudanar da wani taro na musamman a fadar Kremlin a ranar 23 ga watan Yuni, inda Konev ya ba da rahoto kan shawarar da ya yanke na kaddamar da hare-hare guda biyu: kan lvov da Ravsko-Rusyn. Wannan ya sa ya yiwu a raba ƙungiyar gwagwarmaya ta GA "Arewacin Ukraine", kewaye da lalata abokan gaba a yankin Brody. Shirin ya haifar da takaddama daga Stalin, wanda ya yi la'akari da cewa ba shi da ma'ana don tarwatsa dakarun a cikin manyan kwatance. "Shugaban" ya ba da umarnin buga bugu ɗaya - a Lvov, yana ba da duk ƙarfinsa da ma'anarsa.
Dokin ya tashi, yana mai cewa yajin aiki a waje guda zai baiwa makiya damar yin amfani da dabara da injina a ajiye tare da tattara dukkan jiragen sama wuri guda. Bugu da kari, harin da daya daga cikin kungiyoyin da ke yajin aiki a bangaren da ya fi karfi ba zai kai ga samun ci gaban tsaro ba, sai dai ga taurin kai na layukan tsaro a jere kuma ba zai haifar da babbar damar aiki ba. A ƙarshe, kwamandan na gaba ya kare ra'ayinsa. A ranar 24 ga watan Yuni, Stalin ya amince da shirin gudanar da aiki da gaba, amma a cikin rabuwar kansa ya ce: Ka tuna Konev, cewa aikin ya kamata ya tafi lafiya kuma ya kawo sakamakon da ake sa ran.
Ayyukan gaba shine: don karya ta GA "Arewacin Ukraine", kammala 'yantar da Ukraine da kuma canja wurin tashin hankali zuwa yankin Poland. An gudanar da aikin ne tare da hadin gwiwar sojojin 1st Belorussian Front da ke gaba da Lublin. Ya kamata a yi ta buga biyu mai karfi a reshe na dama da kuma a tsakiya da kuma karya gaba zuwa kashi biyu, 60-70 km baya da juna. Na farko ya kamata a yi daga yankin yammacin Lutsk a cikin shugabanci na Sokal da Rava Russkaya, na biyu - daga Tarnopol yankin zuwa Lvov, tare da aiki na kayar da Lvov kungiyar Jamus, kama Lvov da Przemysl sansanin soja.
Yajin aikin a cikin Lutsk shugabanci ya hada da: 3rd Guards Army na Gordov Vasily Grigorievich, 13th Army na Laftanar Janar Nikolai Pavlovich Pukhov, 1st Guards Tank Army na Kanar Janar Katukov ME, dawakai Mechanized Group (cikin kunsha na 25th Tanks Corps. da kuma 1st Guards Cavalry Corps) karkashin jagorancin Laftanar Janar Viktor Baranov. Rundunar sojojin sama ta 2 ne suka tallafa wa harin.
The "hantsi" da ya kamata a buga a cikin Lvov shugabanci hada da: 60th Army na Kanar Janar Pavel A. Kurochkin, 38th Army na Kanar Janar Kirill Sergeevich Moskalenok, 3rd Guards Tank Army na Kanar Janar Pavel Rybalka , 4th Army: Tank Army na Laftanar Janar Dmitry Lkhatenko, dawakai Mechanized Group na Laftanar Janar Sergei Sokolov kunshi: 31st Tank Corps da 6th Guards sojan doki Corps. Rundunar jiragen sama guda biyar ne suka bayar da tallafin jirgin.
A cikin yajin aikin da ke gaba a Lutsk, ya kamata a mayar da hankali a kan 12 bindigogi division, biyu tank Corps, daya makanikai da kuma sojan doki daya, biyu manyan bindigogi na nasara - 14 bindigogi da turmi, 3250 tankuna da kai bindigogi. bindigogi masu sarrafa kansu, jiragen sama 717. A kan 1300-kilomita na Lvov, 14 dakaru sassa, hudu tanki, biyu makanikai da kuma sojan doki daya, da kuma biyu nasara manyan bindigogi - 15 bindigogi da kuma turmi, 3775 tankuna da kai bindigogi, 1084 jirgin sama.
A rana ta biyar na wannan farmakin, dakarun tsaro na 3 da na tankokin yaki na 4, a cikin zurfafa hare-hare a kudu da arewacin Lvov, sun isa layin Nemirov-Yavorov, mai nisa mai nisa daga yammacin birnin.
A gefen hagu na gaba, a cikin tuddai na Carpathians, an kafa sojojin 1st Guards Army, Kanar Janar Andrei Grechka da 18th Army Laftanar Janar Yevgeny Petrovich Zhuravlev. Yin amfani da nasarar da maƙwabta suka samu, sojojin Girka, bayan sun ƙirƙiri wani rukunin runduna biyar na soja da kuma na 4th Guards Tank Corps, ya kamata su ci gaba da kai farmaki, sun kwace wani gada a yankin Galich, don haka ya rufe ayyukan. sojojin a kan hanyar Lvov. Sojojin Zhuravlev, da ke aiki a kudancin Dniester, suna da aikin rike iyakokin da aka mamaye da kuma kasancewa a shirye don kai hari a hanyar Stanislavov.
Ajiye na gaba ya hada da na 5th Guards Army (2 sassa) na Kanar-Janar Aleksey Sergeevich Zhadov, canjawa wuri daga 47nd Ukrainian Front, da kuma XNUMXth Rifle Corps bisa ga oda na koli.
Bayan kaddamar da farmaki, kungiyoyin sun yi nasarar fatattakar manyan sojojin makiya, kuma wani bangare na dakarun nasu sun yi wani rangadi ta hanyar matsowa tare da lalata tsarin Jamus a yankin Brody. Sa'an nan za su ci birnin, su ci gaba da kai hare-hare tare da ketare Lvov daga arewa da kudu maso yamma. A rana ta biyar na aikin, an shirya isa iyakar: Hrubieszow - Tomaszow - Nemirov - Yavoruw - Radlów. A mataki na biyu na aikin, an tura yajin aikin zuwa hanyar Sandomierz don tilastawa Vistula da ƙirƙirar babban wurin aiki kusa da Sandomierz. A aikace, ƙungiyar da ke kewaye da ita tana da alaƙa da matsaloli masu mahimmanci, tun da gaba a kan layi na ƙaddamar da ƙungiyoyi masu tayar da hankali sun shimfiɗa a madaidaiciya, ba tare da lanƙwasa ba.
A ranar 10 ga Yuli, a karshe hedkwatar ta amince da shirin gudanar da aiki. An kuma ba da umarnin yin amfani da dakaru masu sulke da kuma gungun maharba don kutsa kai cikin tsaron, kuma an nuna shakku game da yiwuwar tsallakawa yankin da ƙafa cikin gudun kilomita 35 a kowace rana, kamar yadda Konev ya ƙaddara. An tilastawa kwamandan gaba ya amince da yin sauye-sauye kan shirin amfani da dakaru masu sulke: yanzu za a kawo su cikin yaki a rana ta biyu ta aikin bayan da rundunar hadaka ta hadin gwiwa ta kutsa kai cikin yankin kariya na makiya.
Don camouflage shirye-shiryen aikin, hedkwatar ta gaba ta ɓullo da wani shirin kama-karya na aiki, wanda ya tanadi kwaikwayi tarin rundunonin sojoji biyu da wata gawawwakin tanki a gefen hagu na gaba, a cikin makada na 1st Guards Army da Sojoji na 18. Don haka, an fara kwaikwayi manya-manyan safarar jiragen kasa na tankokin yaki da bindigogi masu sarrafa kansu, an kwaikwayi wuraren da ake sauke gungun masu sulke, aka zayyana hanyoyin da za su bi zuwa wuraren da za a yi tattaki, sannan aka rika yin aika-aika ta sama. An baje kolin nau'ikan tankuna, motoci, manyan bindigogi da sauran kayan aiki a wuraren na jabu. An rufe filayen jiragen sama na jabu tare da ba'a na jirage da makullan aikin mayakan domin jaddada sahihancinsu. Ƙungiyoyin bincike sun tsaya a ƙauyuka da yawa, suna zabar wuraren da za su ba da "helkwatar da sojoji masu isa."
Jiragen ruwa na Hungary da Jamus tare da PzKpfw VI Ausf. E Tiger; Yammacin Ukraine, Yuli 1944
Duk da amfani da mafi tsauraran hanyoyi na ɓarna, ba zai yiwu a yaudari maƙiya gaba ɗaya ba. Jamusawa sun yi tsammanin ci gaban dakaru na 1st Ukrainian Front, yafi a cikin shugabanci na Lviv, inda aiki reserves aka tura - 1st Panzer Corps (8th da 20th Panzer Divisions da 1st Motorized Division) na Janar Herman Breit. Sun gano yanayi da tsarin haɗin gwiwar rundunonin makamai, sun ƙaddara hanyoyin da za su kai farmakin, da kuma tsara matakan da za su bi, musamman janyewar zuwa layin tsaro na biyu tare da wani babban sashe na gaba. Kwamandan rundunar sojan Panzer ta 160, Janar Erhard Raus, ya tuna cewa ya san da cikakkiyar jagorar babban harin Rusyn, inda masu satar sa suka kashe mutane 200. ma'adinan anti-ma'aikata da kuma na'urorin kare tanki dubu XNUMX. Janyewar sirri, juriya mai zurfi, kai hari ba tare da bata lokaci ba ta hanyar amfani da tsari mai sauri - irin wannan shine dabarun tsaron Jamus. Sai dai ba a san lokacin ba, Janar din ya janye sojojinsa daga layin farko na tsaro na tsawon dare uku a jere, sai dai ya umarce su da su koma layin da aka mamaye a baya. Gaskiya ne, sun kasa gano sake tura sojojin Katukov a kudancin Lutsk.
