Powershift gearbox

A cikin duk motocin samarwa na zamani, akwatin gear yana taka muhimmiyar rawa. Akwai manyan nau'ikan watsawa guda uku: watsawa ta hannu (makanikanci), watsawa ta atomatik (na atomatik) da watsawar hannu (robotic). Nau'i na ƙarshe shine akwatin Powershift.

Canjin wutar lantarki.

Menene powershift

Powershift akwati ne na kayan aikin mutum-mutumi tare da clutches 2, wanda aka kawo ta daban-daban ga masana'antar manyan kera motoci na duniya.

Yana da nau'ikan kwandon kama guda biyu:

1. WD (Wet Dual Clutch) - Akwatin sarrafa ruwa, rigar kama. Ana amfani da shi akan motoci masu ƙarfi da injuna.
2. DD (Dry Dual Clutch) - akwati mai kula da lantarki-na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa, nau'in "bushe" kama. Waɗannan akwatunan suna amfani da ruwan watsa ƙasa da sau 4 idan aka kwatanta da WD. Ana sawa motocin da ke da injuna ƙanana da matsakaicin ƙarfi.

Tarihin halitta

A farkon 80s. An ba wa masu yin tseren motoci na Porsche aiki tare da rage raguwar lokacin da za su canza watsawa da hannu. Ingancin watsawa ta atomatik na wancan lokacin don tsere ya yi ƙasa kaɗan, don haka kamfanin ya fara haɓaka nasa mafita.

Motar Porsche.

A cikin 1982, a tseren Le Mans, motoci 3 na Porsche ne suka ɗauki wurare 956 na farko.

A cikin 1983, wannan samfurin, na farko a duniya, an sanye shi da watsawa na hannu tare da 2 clutches. Ma'aikatan sun ɗauki matsayi 8 na farko a tseren Le Mans.

Duk da yanayin juyin juya hali na ra'ayin, matakin haɓaka kayan lantarki na waɗannan shekarun bai ba da damar wannan watsawa ya shiga cikin kasuwar samar da motoci ba.

Batun amfani da ra'ayi ya dawo a cikin 2000s. 3 kamfanoni lokaci guda. Porsche ya fitar da ci gaban PDK (Porsche Doppelkupplung) zuwa ZF. Ƙungiyar Volkswagen ta juya zuwa ga ƙera na Amurka BorgWarner tare da DSG (Direkt Schalt Getriebe).

Ford da sauran masu kera motoci sun saka hannun jari don haɓaka watsa shirye-shiryen hannu ta Getrag. A karshen gabatar a 2008 a "rigar" preselective - 6-gudun Powershift 6DCT450.

Hyundai

A shekara ta 2010, mahalarta aikin, kamfanin LuK, sun gabatar da wani tsari mai mahimmanci - akwatin "bushe" 6DCT250.

Me motoci aka samu

Fihirisar sigar Powershift tana tsaye ga:

• 6 - 6-gudu (jimlar adadin kayan aiki);
• D - biyu (biyu);
• C - kama (kama);
• T - watsa (akwatin gear), L - tsari na tsayi;
• 250 - matsakaicin karfin juyi, Nm.

Manyan Samfura:

• DD 6DCT250 (PS250) - don Renault (Megane, Kangoo, Laguna) da Ford tare da ƙarfin injin har zuwa lita 2,0 (Mayar da hankali 3, C-Max, Fusion, Haɗin Kai);
• WD 6DCT450 (DPS6/MPS6) - для Chrysler, Volvo, Ford, Renault da Land Rover;
• WD 6DCT470 - don Mitsubishi Lancer, Galant, Outlander, da dai sauransu;
• DD C635DDCT - don Dodge subcompact, Alfa Romeo da Fiat model;
• WD 7DCL600 - don samfuran BMW tare da ICE mai tsayi (BMW 3 Series L6 3.0L, V8 4.0L, BMW 5 Series V8 4.4L, BMW Z4 Roadster L6 3.0L);
• WD 7DCL750 - Ford GT, Ferrari 458/488, California da F12, Mercedes-Benz SLS da Mercedes-AMG GT.

Na'urar Powershift

Ta hanyar ka'idar aikinsa, akwatin Powershift ya fi kama da watsawar hannu, kodayake yana nufin yanayin watsawa ta atomatik.

watsawa da hannu.

Yadda yake aiki

Gears na kayan aiki na yanzu da na gaba suna aiki lokaci guda. Lokacin canzawa, kama na kayan aiki na yanzu yana buɗewa a lokacin da aka haɗa na gaba.

Hanyar ba ta jin direban. Gudun wutar lantarki daga akwatin zuwa ƙafafun tuƙi ba ya katsewa a zahiri. Babu feda mai kama, ECU ne ke aiwatar da sarrafawa tare da gungun na'urori da na'urori masu auna firikwensin. Haɗin kai tsakanin mai zaɓi a cikin gida da akwatin gear kanta ana yin ta ta kebul na musamman.

Dubu biyu

A zahiri, waɗannan watsawar hannu guda 2 ne waɗanda aka haɗa su cikin jiki ɗaya, wanda ECU ke sarrafawa. Zane ya haɗa da kayan tuƙi guda 2, kowanne yana jujjuya shi da nasa clutch, mai alhakin ko da madaidaicin gears. A tsakiyar tsarin shine madaidaicin sassa biyu na farko. Har ma da gears da reverse gear ana kunna su daga ɓangarorin waje na shaft, waɗanda ba su da kyau - daga tsakiyar axis.

Getrag ya ce tsarin watsa dual-clutch shine gaba. A cikin 2020, kamfanin yana shirin samar da aƙalla kashi 59% na akwatunan gear ɗin sa.

Kama.

Matsalolin Watsawa Jama'a

Don kar a kawo watsawar ta Powershift zuwa ga rashin aiki mai mahimmanci kuma, saboda haka, babban gyare-gyare, yayin aiki, ya kamata a biya hankali ga alamun masu zuwa:

1. Lokacin da aka fara daga wuri, motar tana girgiza, lokacin da motsin motsi, ana jin damuwa, da kuma lokacin tuki a cikin cunkoson ababen hawa. Dalilin rashin aiki shine gazawar na'urar sarrafa clutch.
2. Juyawa zuwa watsawa na gaba yana faruwa tare da jinkiri.
3. Babu yuwuwar kunna kowane watsawa, akwai sautin ban mamaki.
4. Ayyukan watsawa yana tare da ƙara yawan girgiza. Wannan yana nuna lalacewa a kan gears na sanduna da masu aiki tare na akwatin.
5. Akwatin gear yana canzawa ta atomatik zuwa yanayin N, alamar rashin aiki yana haskakawa a kan na'urar kayan aiki, motar ta ƙi yin tuƙi ba tare da sake kunna injin ba. Dalilin gaggawa, mafi mahimmanci, shine gazawar ƙaddamarwar saki.
6. Akwai malalar mai a cikin akwatin gear. Wannan shaida ce ta lalacewa ko rashin daidaituwa na hatimin mai, wanda ke haifar da raguwar matakin mai.
7. Alamar kuskure tana haskakawa akan rukunin kayan aiki.
8. Kamun yana zamewa. Lokacin da injin ya ƙaru, saurin abin hawa baya ƙaruwa yadda ya kamata. Wannan yana faruwa a lokacin da clutch fayafai suka kasa ko mai ya hau diski a cikin DD clutches.

Abubuwan da ke haifar da matsalolin da aka lissafa suma na iya zama lalacewa ga kayan aiki, cokali mai yatsu, kurakurai a cikin ECU, da dai sauransu. Kowane matsala dole ne a bincikar da gyara da fasaha.

Gyaran wutar lantarki

Akwatin gear na Powershift, wanda aka gina akan ka'idar watsawa ta hannu, ana iya gyara shi a kusan kowane sabis na mota. Tsarin yana da tsarin kulawa ta atomatik.

Mafi na kowa rashin aiki ana ɗaukarsa zubar da akwatin shaye-shaye.

Canjin wutar lantarki.

A cikin yanayin da ake yi na matsi na cokali mai yatsa, ya zama dole don maye gurbin taron majalisa, kuma tare da hatimi.

Kodayake sassa na lantarki, kamar allon kewayawa da injin sarrafawa, ana iya gyara su, masana'anta sun ba da shawarar musanya su kuma, a cikin motocin garanti, suna ba da cikakken canji.

Bayan gyara, ya kamata a daidaita watsawar hannu. Akwai wasu abubuwan musamman akan sabuwar mota da mota mai nisan miloli. A mafi yawan samfurori, wannan shine calibration:

• firikwensin matsayi mai zaɓin kaya;
• tsarin canzawa;
• tsarin kama.

Sai kawai daidaitawar na'urar zaɓen matsayi firikwensin za'a iya kiransa na gargajiya. 2 wasu matakai sun haɗa da koyan ECU ba tare da walƙiya ta software ba, yayin yanayin tuƙi na musamman.

Ribobi da fursunoni

Canje-canjen Gear suna nan take. Haɓaka haɓakawa saboda ci gaba da jujjuyawar Powershift ya wuce na sauran akwatunan gear. Rashin gazawar wutar lantarki yana da tasiri mai kyau akan jin daɗin tuki, yana adana man fetur (ko da idan aka kwatanta da watsawar hannu).

Tsarin da kansa ya fi sauƙi kuma mai rahusa don ƙira fiye da daidaitattun watsawa ta atomatik, tunda babu kayan aikin duniya, mai jujjuyawa mai jujjuyawa, rikice-rikice. Gyaran injina na waɗannan kwalaye ya fi sauƙi fiye da gyaran injin gargajiya. Tare da aiki mai kyau, kama yana dadewa fiye da a cikin watsawar hannu, tun da ana sarrafa tsarin ta hanyar daidaitattun kayan lantarki, kuma ba ta hanyar ƙwanƙwasa ba.

Amma kuma ana iya danganta na'urorin lantarki da rashin amfanin Powershift. Yana fuskantar gazawa da tasirin waje fiye da injiniyoyi. Misali, idan kariyar kwanon mai ya ɓace ko lalacewa, datti da damshi, idan ya shiga cikin naúrar, zai haifar da gazawar da'irar ECU.

Ko da firmware na hukuma na iya haifar da rashin aiki.

Canja wurin jagorar Powershift yana ba da sauyawa daga atomatik zuwa yanayin jagora (Zaɓa Shift) kuma akasin haka. Direba na iya hawa sama da ƙasa a kan tafiya. Amma don samun cikakken iko akan wurin binciken har yanzu bai yi aiki ba. Lokacin da saurin da injin ya yi girma, kuma kuna so ku sauko, alal misali, daga 5th zuwa 3rd nan da nan, ECU ba zai ƙyale canjin ya faru ba kuma zai matsa zuwa mafi dacewa kayan aiki.

An gabatar da wannan fasalin don kare watsawa, tun da raguwa ta matakai 2 na iya haifar da karuwa mai girma a cikin rpm kafin yankewa. Lokacin canjin saurin gudu zai kasance tare da buguwa, nauyin da ya wuce kima. Haɗin wani takamaiman kayan aiki zai faru ne kawai idan kewayon halaltaccen juyin juya hali da saurin motar da aka tsara a cikin ECU sun ba da damar hakan.

Yadda za a tsawaita rayuwar sabis

Don tsawaita rayuwar Powershift, dole ne a kiyaye dokoki masu zuwa:

1. Dole ne a canza man da ke cikin akwatin zuwa wanda masana'anta suka kayyade, tunda duk wani sabani yana haifar da rashin daidaito a cikin aikin na'urar.
2. Lokacin amfani da na'urar watsawa ta hannu, ba a ba da shawarar fitar da kan hanya ba, sake kunna gas, ja wani abu akan tirela, zamewa, ko tuƙi cikin matsewa.
3. A cikin filin ajiye motoci, ya kamata ka fara canza mai zaɓi zuwa matsayi N, cire birkin hannu yayin riƙe da birki, sannan kawai canza zuwa yanayin P. Wannan algorithm zai rage nauyin watsawa.
4. Kafin tafiya, ya zama dole don dumama motar, saboda akwatin gear yana dumama tare da injin. Zai fi kyau a fitar da farkon kilomita 10 na hanya a cikin yanayi mai laushi.
5. Yana yiwuwa a ja motar da ba daidai ba ne kawai lokacin da mai zaɓa ya kasance a cikin matsayi na N. Yana da kyau a kula da iyakar gudun da bai wuce 20 km / h ba don nisa har zuwa 20 km.

Tare da kulawa da hankali, albarkatun aiki sun kai kilomita 400000 don dukan rayuwar sabis na akwatin gear.