Yadda madaidaicin sakin kama yake aiki, rashin aiki da hanyoyin tabbatarwa

The classic clutch a cikin mota ya ƙunshi manyan sassa uku: farantin matsi mai ruwa, faranti mai tuƙi da kuma kamawar saki. Sashe na ƙarshe yawanci ana kiransa ƙaddamarwa, kodayake a gaskiya ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu aiki da yawa, amma yawanci suna aiki kuma ana maye gurbinsu gaba ɗaya.

Menene aikin ɗaukar ma'aunin kama?

Rikicin yayin aiki na iya kasancewa cikin ɗayan jihohi uku:

• cikakkiya, wato farantin matsi (kwando) tare da dukkan ƙarfin ƙarfin bazara mai ƙarfi yana danna diski mai tuƙi, wanda ya tilasta shi ya danna saman saman jirgin sama don canja wurin duk karfin injin zuwa splines na shingen shigarwar watsawa;
• kashe, yayin da aka cire matsa lamba daga saman juzu'i na diski, an ɗan juya cibiyarta tare da splines kuma akwatin gear yana buɗewa tare da tashi sama;
• wani ɓangare na haɗin gwiwa, ana danna diski tare da ƙarfin mita, zamewar rufin, saurin jujjuyawar injin da rafukan gearbox sun bambanta, ana amfani da yanayin lokacin farawa ko a wasu lokuta lokacin da karfin injin bai isa ya cika cikar ba. bukatun watsawa.

Don sarrafa duk waɗannan hanyoyin, dole ne ku cire wasu ƙarfi daga maɓuɓɓugar kwandon ko saki diski gaba ɗaya. Amma farantin matsa lamba yana daidaitawa a kan jirgin sama kuma yana juyawa tare da shi da kuma bazara a babban gudun.

Tuntuɓi tare da petals na diaphragm spring ko levers na coil spring saitin yana yiwuwa ne kawai ta hanyar ɗaukar hoto. Hoton sa na waje yana mu'amala da cokali mai yatsu mai kama, kuma na ciki an kai shi kai tsaye zuwa wurin tuntuɓar bazara.

Wurin sashi

Ƙwaƙwalwar ƙaddamarwa tana cikin gidan clutch, wanda ke haɗa shingen injin zuwa akwatin gear. Wurin shigar da akwatin yana fitowa daga akwati, kuma a waje yana da splines don zamewa cibiyar clutch diski.

Bangaren shaft ɗin da ke gefen akwatin an rufe shi da ɗigon siliki, wanda ke aiki azaman jagora tare da ɗaukar motsi.

Na'urar

Ƙwaƙwalwar sakin ya ƙunshi gidaje da ɗamara kai tsaye, yawanci ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa. An saita faifan waje a cikin jikin kama, kuma na ciki ya fito ya zo cikin hulɗa da furannin kwandon ko ƙarin faifan adaftan da aka danna musu.

Ƙarfin da aka saki daga fedal ɗin kama ko na'ura mai sarrafa lantarki ana watsa shi ta hanyar na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa ko na'ura mai kwakwalwa zuwa gidan saki, wanda ya sa shi ya matsa zuwa ga jirgin sama, yana matsawa kwandon ruwa.

Lokacin da aka cire ƙarfin, an kunna kama saboda ƙarfin bazara, kuma ƙaddamarwar sakin yana motsawa zuwa matsananciyar matsayi zuwa akwatin.

Akwai na'urori masu rikodi na yau da kullun ko wanda aka rabu. Ana amfani da na ƙarshe a cikin akwatunan gear ɗin riko da aka zaɓa.

Iri

An raba bearings zuwa waɗanda ke aiki tare da rata, wato, maɓuɓɓugan ruwa gaba ɗaya suna fitowa daga petals, kuma ba tare da baya ba, koyaushe ana danna su, amma tare da ƙarfi daban-daban.

An fi amfani da na ƙarshe mafi yadu, tun lokacin da bugun aiki na haɗin haɗin gwiwa tare da su ba shi da yawa, kullun yana aiki daidai kuma ba tare da hanzarin hanzari na ciki ba a lokacin da ya taɓa saman goyon bayan petals.

Bugu da ƙari, ana rarraba bearings bisa ga yadda ake tuƙi, kodayake wannan ya shafi ƙirar su ne kawai.

Injin inji

Tare da injin injin, yawanci ana haɗa feda zuwa kebul na sheath, ta inda aka watsa ƙarfin zuwa cokali mai yatsa.

Cokali mai yatsa shine lefa mai hannu biyu tare da haɗin gwiwa na tsakiya. A daya bangaren kuma, wata igiyar igiya ce ke jan ta, dayan kuma yana tura abin da ake fitarwa, yana rufe shi daga bangarorin biyu, yana guje wa murdiya saboda saukarsa da ke iyo.

Daidaitawa

Haɗaɗɗen tuƙi na hydraulic yana rage ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce akan fedals kuma yana tafiya cikin sauƙi. Tsarin cokali mai yatsa yana kama da injiniyoyi, amma ana tura shi ta sandar silinda mai aiki na tuƙi.

Matsa lamba a kan piston ɗinsa yana aiki ne ta ruwa mai ƙarfi wanda aka kawo daga babban silinda mai kama da haɗe da feda. Rashin hasara shine rikitarwa na ƙira, haɓakar farashi da buƙatar kulawar hydraulic.

Jirgin ruwa

Cikakkiyar tukin na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa ba shi da sassa kamar cokali mai yatsu da kara. Silinda mai aiki yana haɗuwa tare da ƙaddamarwa a cikin maɗaurin ruwa guda ɗaya wanda ke cikin gidan kama, bututun bututun kawai yana kusantar shi daga waje.

Wannan yana ba ku damar ƙara ƙarfin crankcase kuma ƙara daidaiton aiki, kawar da sassan tsaka-tsaki.

Akwai kawai drawback daya, amma yana da muhimmanci ga masu kasafin kudin motoci - dole ne ka canza saki hali taro tare da aiki Silinda, wanda da cika fuska qara kudin na part.

Matsaloli

Rashin gazawar sakin yana kusan koyaushe saboda lalacewa da tsagewar al'ada. Mafi sau da yawa, an kara karuwa saboda zubar da rami na bukukuwa, tsufa da wankewa daga mai mai.

Halin yana daɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗawaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗakaɗakaɗa.

Wani lokaci maƙallin sakin yana rasa motsinsa, yana ɗora kan jagorarsa. clutch, idan an kunna, yana fara rawar jiki, furanninsa sun ƙare. Akwai halayen halayen lokacin farawa. Cikakken gazawa tare da fashe fashe yana yiwuwa.

Hanyoyin tabbatarwa

Mafi sau da yawa, ɗaukar hoto yana nuna matsalolinsa tare da hum, busa da ƙumburi. Don sassa daban-daban, ana iya samun bayyanar ta hanyoyi daban-daban.

Idan an yi tuƙi tare da rata, to, tare da daidaitawa daidai, ƙaddamarwa ba ta taɓa kwandon ba tare da danna feda ba kuma baya bayyana kansa ta kowace hanya. Amma da zaran ka yi ƙoƙarin matse clutch ɗin, sai rumble ya bayyana. Ƙarfinsa ya dogara da bugun feda, bazara yana da halayen da ba na layi ba kuma a ƙarshen bugun jini yana raunana karfi da sauti.

A cikin mafi yawan lokuta, ba a ba da rata ba, ana matsawa kullun a kan kwandon, kuma sautinsa kawai yana canzawa, amma ba ya ɓacewa. Sabili da haka, yana rikicewa tare da amo na shingen shigarwa na akwatin.

Bambance-bambancen shi ne cewa gearbox shaft ba ya jujjuya lokacin da kayan aiki ke aiki, clutch ɗin ya ɓace kuma injin yana tsaye, wanda ke nufin ba zai iya yin hayaniya ba.

Saki mai ɗauke da hum

Maye gurbin sakin

A cikin motoci na zamani, albarkatun duk sassan sassa na clutch kusan daidai ne, don haka ana yin maye gurbin a matsayin kit. Har yanzu ana siyar da kayan aikin, fakitin ya ƙunshi kwando, fayafai da ɗaukar kaya.

Banda shi ne yanayin haɗa sakin kama tare da silinda mai aiki na injin injin. Ba a haɗa wannan ɓangaren a cikin kit ɗin ba, an saya shi daban, amma ya kamata a canza shi don kowane matsala tare da kama.

An cire akwatin gear don sauyawa. A kan wasu motoci, kawai an motsa shi daga injin, yana aiki ta hanyar tazarar da aka samu. Wannan dabarar tana adana lokaci kawai tare da ƙwararren ƙwararren malami. Amma yin wannan ba a ba da shawarar ba, tun da akwai wurare a cikin gidaje masu kama da ke buƙatar dubawa na gani.

Misali, cokali mai yatsa, goyan bayansa, hatimin shigar man da aka shigar, abin turawa a ƙarshen crankshaft da mashin tashi.

Yadda Ake Maye Gurbin Clutch Release Bearing ko Lubricate

Yana da kyau koyaushe a cire akwatin gaba ɗaya. Bayan haka, maye gurbin ƙaddamarwar saki ba zai zama da wahala ba, an cire shi kawai daga jagorar, kuma wani sabon sashi ya ɗauki wurinsa.

Ya kamata a shafa wa jagorar mai sauƙi sai dai in takamaiman umarnin kit ɗin ya bayyana a sarari cewa ba a buƙatar man shafawa.