Yaya baturin motar lantarki ke aiki?

Batirin lithium-ion yana iko da kowane nau'in abin hawan lantarki. Tun daga farko, ya kafa kansa a matsayin fasahar tunani a cikin kasuwar motocin lantarki. Yaya yake aiki? Kwararrun IZI ta hanyar sadarwa ta EDF za su ba ku cikakkun bayanai game da aiki, halaye, amfani da rashin amfani na baturin abin hawa na lantarki.

Takaitaccen

Yaya baturin abin hawa lantarki ke aiki?

Idan locomotive yana amfani da man fetur ko dizal a matsayin makamashi, to wannan bai shafi motocin lantarki ba. An sanye su da baturi mai cin gashin kansa daban-daban, wanda dole ne a yi caji a tashar caji.

Kowace motar lantarki tana haƙiƙa tana sanye da batura da yawa:

• Ƙarin baturi;
• Da kuma baturin jan hankali.

Menene matsayinsu da kuma yadda suke aiki?

Ƙarin baturi

Kamar mai hoto mai zafi, motar lantarki tana da ƙarin baturi. Ana amfani da wannan baturin 12V don kunna na'urorin mota.

Wannan baturi yana tabbatar da daidaitaccen aiki na kayan lantarki daban-daban, kamar:

• Gilashin lantarki;
• Rediyo ;
• Na'urori daban-daban na abin hawan lantarki.

Don haka, rashin aiki na ƙarin baturi na abin hawan lantarki na iya haifar da wasu lalacewa.

Baturin jan hankali

Matsakaicin abin hawan lantarki, baturin jan hankali, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa. Tabbas, tana adana kuzarin da aka caje a tashar caji kuma tana ba da wutar lantarki yayin tafiya.

Ayyukan baturi na jan hankali yana da wuyar gaske, don haka wannan sinadari yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi tsada kayan aikin motar lantarki. Wannan kudin kuma a halin yanzu yana kawo cikas ga ci gaban wutar lantarki a duniya. Wasu dillalai suna ba da yarjejeniyar hayar baturi yayin siyan abin hawan lantarki.

Batirin lithium-ion shine mafi yawan nau'in baturi da ake amfani dashi a cikin motocin lantarki. Saboda dorewarsa, aiki da matakin aminci, da gaske fasahar magana ce ga yawancin masana'antun.

Koyaya, akwai nau'ikan batura na motocin lantarki:

• Nickel cadmium baturi;
• baturin hydride nickel-metal;
• batirin lithium;
• Batirin Li-ion.

Takaitaccen tebur na fa'idodin batura daban-daban don motocin lantarki

Daban-daban na batura	Amfanin
Cadmium nickel	Baturi mara nauyi tare da kyakkyawan rayuwar sabis.
Nickel karfe hydride	Baturi mai nauyi tare da ƙarancin ƙazanta da ƙarfin ajiyar kuzari.
Lithium	Tsayayyen caji da fitarwa. High rated ƙarfin lantarki. Mahimmancin taro da ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfi.
Lithium ion	High takamaiman da ƙarfin ƙarfi.

Teburin taƙaitawa na rashin amfanin batura daban-daban don motocin lantarki

Daban-daban na batura	shortcomings
Cadmium nickel	Tun da matakin guba na cadmium yana da girma sosai, wannan abu ba a yi amfani da shi ba.
Nickel karfe hydride	Kayan yana da tsada. Ana buƙatar tsarin sanyaya don rama yawan zafin jiki da aka yi daidai da kaya.
Lithium	Har yanzu ba a ƙware sake amfani da lithium ba. Ya kamata a sami sarrafa wutar lantarki ta atomatik.
Lithium ion	Matsalar flammability.

Ayyukan baturi

An bayyana ikon motar lantarki a kilowatt (kW). Awa daya kilowatt (kWh), a daya bangaren, yana auna karfin da batirin abin hawa lantarki zai iya bayarwa.

Ƙarfin injin zafi (wanda aka nuna a cikin doki) za'a iya kwatanta shi da ƙarfin wutar lantarki, wanda aka bayyana a cikin kW.

Koyaya, idan kuna son saka hannun jari a cikin motar lantarki tare da rayuwar batir mafi tsayi, kuna buƙatar juya zuwa ma'aunin kWh.

Rayuwar batir

Dangane da samfurin abin hawan ku na lantarki, kewayon sa na iya zama a matsakaici daga 100 zuwa 500 km. Lallai, ƙaramin baturi ya ishi sauƙi yau da kullun amfani da abin hawan lantarki don tuƙi yara zuwa makaranta ko yin aiki a kusa. Irin wannan sufuri yana da arha.

Baya ga nau'ikan nau'ikan matakan shigarwa ko matsakaici, akwai kuma manyan samfuran da suka fi tsada. Farashin waɗannan motoci yana da tasiri sosai ta aikin baturi.

Koyaya, irin wannan nau'in abin hawa na lantarki yana iya yin tafiya har zuwa kilomita 500 dangane da salon tuki, nau'in hanya, yanayin yanayi, da sauransu.

Domin kiyaye ikon baturin ku akan tafiya mai nisa, ƙwararrun IZI ta hanyar sadarwa ta EDF suna ba ku shawara, musamman, don zaɓar tuƙi mai sassauƙa kuma ku guji saurin sauri.

Lokacin cajin baturi

Masu sana'a na IZI ta hanyar sadarwar EDF za su kula, musamman, na shigar da tashoshin caji don motocin lantarki ... Gano duk hanyoyin cajin baturi don abin hawan ku na lantarki tare da:

• Matsakaicin gidan 220 V;
• Akwatin bangon waya mai saurin caji;
• Kuma tashar caji mai sauri.

Socket na gida 220V

A gida, za ku iya shigar da madaidaicin gidan don 220 V. Lokacin caji yana daga 10 zuwa 13 hours. Sannan zaku iya cajin motar ku dare ɗaya don amfani da ita cikin yini.

Akwatin bangon waya mai saurin caji

Idan ka zaɓi soket ɗin caji mai sauri, wanda kuma ake kira Wallbox, za a gajarta lokacin caji:

• Domin 4 hours a cikin version 32A;
• Tsawon awanni 8 ko 10 a cikin sigar 16A.

Tashar caji mai sauri

A wuraren ajiye motoci na kwarkwata ko a babban kanti da wuraren ajiye motoci na kasuwanci, Hakanan zaka iya cajin motarka a tashar caji mai sauri. Farashin wannan na'urar shine, ba shakka, mafi girma.

Koyaya, lokacin cajin baturi yana da sauri sosai: yana ɗaukar mintuna 30.

Takaitaccen tebur na farashin kayan aiki don cajin batura na motocin lantarki

Nau'in kayan aikin cajin baturi	Farashin (ban da shigarwa)
Mai haɗa caji mai sauri	Kimanin Yuro 600
Tashar caji mai sauri	Kusan 900 €

Ta yaya baturin lithium-ion ke aiki?

Ka'idar aiki na irin wannan baturi yana da rikitarwa. Electrons suna yawo a cikin baturin, suna haifar da yuwuwar bambanci tsakanin na'urorin lantarki guda biyu. Ɗayan lantarki mara kyau, ɗayan yana da kyau. An nutsar da su a cikin electrolyte: ruwa mai sarrafa ionic.

Lokacin fitarwa

Lokacin da baturi ya kunna abin hawa, mummunan lantarki yana sakin lantarki da aka adana. Sannan ana haɗa su da ingantacciyar lantarki ta hanyar kewayawa ta waje. Wannan shine lokacin fitarwa.

Lokacin caji

Sabanin tasirin yana faruwa lokacin da aka yi cajin baturi a tashar caji ko madaidaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki. Don haka, makamashin da caja ke watsawa yana canja wurin electrons ɗin da ke cikin ingantacciyar wutar lantarki zuwa gurɓataccen lantarki. 

BMS baturi: ma'anar da aiki

BMS (Tsarin Gudanar da Baturi) software yana sarrafa nau'ikan kayayyaki da abubuwan da suka haɗa da baturin gogayya. Wannan tsarin gudanarwa yana lura da baturi kuma yana inganta rayuwar baturi.

Lokacin da baturi ya gaza, haka zai faru da BMS. Koyaya, wasu masana'antun EV suna ba da sabis na sake shirye-shiryen BMS. Don haka, sake saiti mai laushi zai iya la'akari da yanayin baturin a lokacin T.

Yaya amincin batirin motar lantarki yake?

Baturin lithium-ion ya shahara saboda amincinsa. Koyaya, yi hankali, yanayin caji, musamman, na iya shafar dorewarta. Bugu da kari, rayuwar baturi da aiki suna lalacewa akan lokaci a kowane yanayi.

Lokacin da motar lantarki ta lalace, abin da ke haifar da batir ba safai bane. Lalle ne, a cikin hunturu, da sauri za ku gane cewa motar ku na lantarki ba ta da matsalolin farawa, duk da sanyi, ba kamar motar diesel ba.

Me yasa batir lithium-ion ke lalacewa akan lokaci?

Lokacin da motar lantarki tayi tafiya na tsawon kilomita da yawa, aikin baturin yana raguwa sannu a hankali. Sannan abubuwa guda biyu suna bayyane:

• Rage rayuwar baturi;
• Tsawon lokacin cajin baturi.

Yaya sauri batirin abin hawan lantarki ke tsufa?

Abubuwa daban-daban na iya shafar yawan tsufa na baturi:

• Yanayin ajiya don abin hawan lantarki (a cikin gareji, a kan titi, da dai sauransu);
• Hanyar tuƙi (tare da motar lantarki, koren tuƙi ya fi dacewa);
• Mitar caji a tashoshin caji mai sauri;
• Yanayin yanayi a yankin da kuke tuƙi sau da yawa.

Yadda za a inganta rayuwar baturi na abin hawan lantarki?

Ta hanyar la'akari da abubuwan da aka ambata a sama, za'a iya inganta rayuwar sabis na baturin gogayya. A kowane lokaci, masana'anta ko amintaccen ɓangare na uku na iya tantancewa da auna SOH (matsayin lafiya) na baturin. Ana amfani da wannan ma'aunin don tantance yanayin baturin.

SOH yana kwatanta iyakar ƙarfin baturi a lokacin gwaji tare da iyakar ƙarfin baturi lokacin sabo.

Zubarwa: rayuwa ta biyu na baturin abin hawa na lantarki

A bangaren abin hawa lantarki Matsalar zubar da baturin lithium-ion a cikin motocin lantarki ya kasance babbar matsala. Hakika, idan motar lantarki ta fi tsafta fiye da na'urar dizal (matsalar samar da ruwa) saboda tana amfani da hanyoyin samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa, wutar lantarki, dawo da lithium da sake amfani da su shine matsala.

Matsalolin muhalli

Batirin abin hawa na lantarki zai iya ƙunsar kilogiram da yawa na lithium. Ana amfani da wasu kayan kamar su cobalt da manganese. Ana hako wadannan nau'ikan karafa daban-daban guda uku da sarrafa su don yin amfani da su wajen gina baturi.

Lithium

Kashi biyu bisa uku na albarkatun lithium da ake amfani da su wajen haɓaka batura masu amfani da wutar lantarki sun fito ne daga hamadar gishiri na Kudancin Amurka (Bolivia, Chile da Argentina).

Hakowa da sarrafa lithium yana buƙatar ruwa mai yawa, wanda ya haifar da:

• bushewa daga ruwan karkashin kasa da koguna;
• Gurbacewar ƙasa;
• Da kuma rushewar muhalli, kamar karuwar guba da cututtuka masu tsanani na al'ummar yankin.

Cobalt

Fiye da rabin abin da ake noman cobalt a duniya yana fitowa daga ma'adinan Kongo. Na ƙarshe ya yi fice musamman dangane da:

• Yanayin aminci na ma'adinai;
• Amfani da yara don hakar cobalt.

Jinkirta a bangaren sake amfani da su: bayani

Idan an sayar da baturin lithium-ion tun 1991 a cikin mabukaci na lantarki, tashoshi na sake amfani da wannan kayan sun fara haɓaka da yawa daga baya.

Idan ba a fara sake sarrafa lithium ba, to wannan ya kasance saboda:

• Game da babban samuwarta;
• Ƙananan farashin hakar sa;
• Adadin tarin ya kasance kaɗan kaɗan.

Koyaya, tare da haɓakar motsi na lantarki, samarwa yana buƙatar canzawa cikin sauri, don haka buƙatar ingantaccen tashar sake zagayawa. A yau, a matsakaita, kashi 65% na batirin lithium ana sake yin fa'ida.

Maganin Sake Amfani da Lithium

A yau, akwai ƴan motocin da ba su daɗe da amfani da wutar lantarki idan aka kwatanta da motocin dizal. Wannan yana ba da damar a zahiri kwakkwance motoci da kayan aikin baturi da aka yi amfani da su.

Don haka, ana iya tattara lithium da aluminum, cobalt da tagulla da sake yin fa'ida.

Batura marasa lalacewa suna bin wata kewayawa daban. Tabbas, kawai saboda wasu lokuta ba sa samar da isasshen ƙarfi don samar da ingantaccen aiki da kewayon direbobi, wannan baya nufin ba sa aiki. Don haka, an ba su rayuwa ta biyu. Ana amfani da su don amfanin tsaye:

• Don adana hanyoyin samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa (rana, iska, da sauransu) a cikin gine-gine;
• Don kunna tashoshin caji mai sauri.

Har yanzu dai bangaren samar da wutar lantarki bai yi wani sabon salo ba don nemo hanyoyin da za a bi wajen samun wadannan kayayyakin ko kuma samun su ta wasu hanyoyi.

Shigar da tashar cajin motar lantarki