Kamar yadda yakamata: gabatar da Audi e-thron

Audi ya dade yana kwarkwasa da wutar lantarki. Ba wai kawai tare da ra'ayoyin da suka gabatar a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ba, sun riga sun yi motoci da yawa da aka riga aka ƙera su da ƙananan motoci. Tuni a cikin 2010, muna tuƙi da Audi R8 e-tron, wanda daga baya ya karɓi sigar samarwa mai iyaka (sosai), kazalika, alal misali, ƙaramin lantarki A1 e-tron. Amma wasu 'yan shekaru sun shude, kuma Tesla kuma dole ne ya aika da motar samar da wutar lantarki ta gaske akan hanyoyin Audi.

Zai kasance a kan hanyoyi a farkon shekara ta gaba (mun riga mun kasance a cikin wurin zama na fasinja a bayan motar), har ma a baya, daga baya a wannan shekara, za mu iya gwada shi a bayan motar - wannan lokaci fiye da game da halayen fasaha. Tushen da tarihin electromobility a Audi.

Sabuwar crossover na lantarki tsayinsa ya kai mita 4,901, faɗin mita 1,935 da tsayin mita 1,616 kuma yana da ƙafafun ƙafa na mita 2,928, wanda ya daidaita shi da Audi Q7 kuma a ƙasa da sabon Q8. Tabbas, tsarin ta'aziyya, infotainment da tsarin taimako shima yana cikin babban matakin.

Audi ba shine farkon wanda ya gabatar da giciye na lantarki na wannan girman ba (a gaba da shi shine mafi girman Tesla Model X), amma kamar yadda Shugaba Bram Schot ya fada a wurin gabatarwa, taken "Vorsprung durch technik" na Audi 'Ba yana nufin kai ne na farko a kasuwa ba, amma idan ka zo kasuwa, kai ma kai ne mafi kyau. Kuma, aƙalla, idan aka yi la’akari da abin da suka gani da kuma abin da suka ji ya zuwa yanzu, sun ci nasara gaba ɗaya.

Tunda Audi's aerodynamics sun yi nisa sosai (don haka motar tana da dampers masu aiki akan tsarin sanyaya iska, dakatarwar iska wanda ke canza nesa zuwa shimfida madaidaiciya kuma, kamar ƙwallon golf, ramuka tare da ƙasa mai ƙarfi daga ƙasa a cikin sauri na, ka ce, maimakon kyamarar bidiyo a waje madubin). tare da allon OLED a ƙofar), injiniyoyin sun sami nasarar rage adadin ja zuwa 0,28. An kuma inganta iskar da ke cikin rim ɗin tare da tayoyin 19/255 55-inch tare da ƙarancin juriya mai jujjuyawa. Farantin aluminium a ƙarƙashin abin hawa, wanda kuma aka ƙera shi don kare injin tuƙi da batir mai ƙarfin lantarki, yana taimakawa haɓaka haɓakar iska.

An shigar da shi a ƙarƙashin sashin fasinja, amma yana da ƙarfin awoyi 95 kilowatt, wanda, a tsakanin duk wasu matakan (gami da e-tron a cikin hunturu, yana dumama sashin fasinja musamman da zafin wutar lantarki da tsarin motsa jiki, wanda kimanin kilowatts uku) ya wadatar da kewayon fiye da kilomita 400 akan tsarin WLTP. Aikace -aikacen jinkirin caji a cikin gidan gida ko tashar caji na jama'a yana faruwa a mafi girman ƙarfin kilowatts 11, kamar yadda ƙarin caji za su ba da cajin AC mai ƙarfi. Tare da kilowatts 22 na wutar lantarki, e-tron yana caji cikin ƙasa da sa'o'i biyar. Tashoshin caji masu sauri suna iya cajin kilowatts 150, wanda ke nufin cewa Audi e-tron zai yi caji cikin kusan rabin sa'a daga batir da aka sauke zuwa kashi 80 na iyakar ƙarfin sa. Masu su kuma za su iya amfani da manhajar a kan wayoyin su don nemo tashoshin caji (gami da tuƙi, tsara hanya, da sauransu), kuma ana samun haɗin haɗin caji a ɓangarorin biyu na abin hawa. Don faɗaɗa hanyar sadarwa na tashoshin caji mai sauri (har zuwa kilowatts 150) a duk Turai da wuri -wuri, ƙungiyar masu kera motoci, gami da Audi, sun ƙirƙira Ionity, wanda ba da daɗewa ba zai gina irin waɗannan tashoshin 400 a manyan hanyoyin Turai. Koyaya, a cikin shekaru biyu, a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, adadin su ba zai ƙaru kawai ba, har ma zai koma tashoshin caji na kilowatt 350, wanda a zahiri zai zama ma'aunin caji mai sauri a Turai a nan gaba. Wannan ƙa'idar za ta caje kimanin kilomita 400 na tuƙi a cikin rabin sa'a, wanda ya yi daidai da lokacin da yanzu muke kashewa a kan dogayen hanyoyi. Nazarin Jamus ya nuna cewa a doguwar tafiya, direbobi suna tsayawa kowane kilomita 400-500, kuma tsawon tasha shine mintuna 20-30.

Ana yin amfani da baturin ta hanyar injinan lantarki asynchronous masu sanyaya ruwa guda biyu - ɗaya don kowane axle, don ƙarfin gaba na 125 da baya na kilowatts 140, waɗanda tare suka haɓaka kilowatts 265 da mita 561 Newton na juzu'i (bambancin tsakanin nodes biyu shine. kawai a cikin tsawon iska na injin lantarki da na'urorin sarrafa software). Idan direban ba shi da saurin dakika 6,6 zuwa kilomita 100 a cikin sa'a guda, zai iya amfani da "yanayin hanzari", wanda ke ƙara ƙarfin wutar lantarki ta gaba da 10 da na baya da kilowatt 15, jimlar kilowatts 300 da 660. newton. Mitoci na juzu'i, wanda ya isa Audi e-tron ya hanzarta zuwa kilomita 5,7 a cikin sa'a guda a cikin dakika 100 kuma bai tsaya a kusan kilomita 200 a cikin awa daya ba. Motoci masu sanyaya ruwa suna da duka biyun stator da rotor sanyaya, kazalika da sanyaya bearings da sarrafa lantarki. Ta wannan hanyar, Audi ya kauce wa asarar wutar lantarki saboda dumama, wanda ya saba wa nau'in injin lantarki na irin wannan (kuma ya sake kulawa, alal misali, dumama taksi a kwanakin sanyi).

Hakanan, an sadaukar da ayyuka da yawa ga tsarin sake farfadowa, wanda kuma yana ba ku damar tuƙi kawai tare da matattarar hanzari. Ana iya daidaita shi a matakai uku (ta amfani da levers akan sitiyari) kuma yana iya sake farfadowa tare da matsakaicin fitowar kilowatts 220. Rage birki, sun ce a cikin Audi, ya isa kashi 90 cikin 0,3 na yanayin hanya, kuma e-tron kawai zai iya birki tare da sabuntawa tare da raguwa har zuwa XNUMX G, sannan tsoffin birki na riga sun fara taimakawa.

Batirin Audi e-Tron ya ƙunshi kayayyaki 36 tare da fakitin tantanin halitta na lithium-ion 12, tare da tsarin sanyaya ruwa (da dumama), gidaje mai ƙarfi sosai da tsaka-tsakin tsari wanda aka tsara don kare sel a yayin karo, da lantarki. yana da kilo 699. Dukan fakitin yana da tsayi 228, 163 a faɗi da tsayi santimita 34 (a saman baturin ƙarƙashin taksi, kauri mai kyau santimita 10, mafi girma kawai a ƙarƙashin kujerun baya da gaban, inda aka sanya kayan lantarki), kuma a haɗe a ƙasan motar. maki 35. Kowane rufi an lullube shi da man shafawa mai zafi a wurin tuntuɓar sashin sanyaya, kuma ɓangaren sanyaya ruwa kuma yana da bawul na musamman wanda ke sakin ruwa daga baturi idan aka yi karo don kada ya sadu da duk wani abin da ya lalace. . Don kare ku da kyau, ba wai kawai jikin yana da ƙarfi sosai ba, har ma da hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa na a tsaye da na gefe tsakanin su, wanda ke juyar da ƙarfin haɗarin daga sel.

Audi ya riga ya fara samar da kursiyin e-kursiyin a matattarar carbon-carbon da ke Brussels (a halin yanzu yana samar da kujeru 200 a kowace rana, 400 daga cikinsu suna fitowa daga masana'antar Hungary ta Audi) kuma za ta bugi hanyoyin Jamus a ƙarshen shekara. . ana tsammanin za a cire shi daga kusan € 80.000 360. Farashin farashi a Amurka ya riga ya zama bayyananne: za a sami sigar Premium Plus, wacce ta riga ta sami fata, kujeru masu zafi da sanyaya, kewayawa, kyamarar digiri 74.800, fitilun LED na matrix, tsarin sauti na B&O da tarin wasu kayan aiki. yana kashe $ 10 (ban da tallafin). A lokaci guda, Audi e-tron tare da faffadan fa'ida da kayan aiki masu arfi kusan kusan dubu XNUMX mafi arha fiye da Tesla Model X (ba a ambaci ingancin aikin ba). Dangane da farashi, girma, aiki da iyaka, shi ma yana da babban jagora akan Mercedes EQ C wanda aka buɗe makonni biyu da suka gabata, amma gaskiya ne cewa Mercedes ya karɓi zargi da yawa don kewayon wanda har yanzu an san fara shi. tallace -tallace. abin da m canji.

Ga waɗancan abokan cinikin waɗanda suka riga sun tanadi e-tron, Audi ya kuma shirya jerin farawa na musamman na 2.600 Audi e-tron edition ɗaya a cikin shuɗin Antigua tare da kayan haɗi iri-iri.

Samar da motocin lantarki na Audi zai faɗaɗa cikin sauri, tare da ƙaramar motar wasanni e-tron mai zuwa a shekara mai zuwa, da kuma motar motsa jiki mai ƙofa huɗu (wanda zai raba fasaha tare da Porsche Taycan) da ƙaramin ƙirar lantarki a cikin 2020. A shekara ta 2025, Q-SUV guda bakwai ne kawai za su kasance tare da dukkan injin lantarki, tare da ƙarin ƙarin wutar lantarki guda biyar.

Daga gaban kujerar fasinja

Yaya saurin lokaci yake tashi! Lokacin da Walter Röhrl ya faɗa cikin 1987 1-foot Pikes Peak a Colorado a cikin Audi Sport quattro S47,85 a 4.302 a cikin mintuna goma da sakan 7, ƙwararren masaniyar taron daga Regensburg ba zai iya tunanin cewa tseren dutse na almara wata rana zai zama filin wasa ba. motsi na lantarki. A wannan shekara, Romain Dumas a cikin motar sa ta VW ID R, tare da lokacin 57: 148: 20 mintuna, ya karya duk bayanan da suka gabata akan ainihin hanyar kilomita XNUMX. Wataƙila Audi ya yi tunanin cewa abin da ke hawa yakamata shima ya sami nasarar ƙaddamar da shi daga gare ta, kuma sun zaɓi sabon cibiyar aikin hajji don motsi na lantarki don gwada fitar da Audi e-tron kuma sun gayyace mu zuwa wurin da ya dace.

Ra'ayi na farko: lokacin saukowa daga Pikes Peak, sabuntawa yana aiki daidai. Idan direban ya yarda da manufar tukin abin hawan lantarki kuma yana tuƙi a zahiri, zai iya jurewa da yanayin birki wanda ƙarfin har zuwa 0,3 G ya wadatar kuma cikakken ingartaccen feda mai ƙarfi ya wadatar. Koyaya, idan ana buƙatar ƙara ƙarfi ko ƙarar birki, birki na hydraulic na gargajiya shima yana tsoma baki. "Mun magance wannan matsalar ta hanyar birki - kamar a cikin manyan motoci," in ji masanin fasaha Victor Anderberg.

Har ila yau, hulɗar tsarin birki na tsohuwar da sabuwar duniya yana da mahimmanci a gudun ƙasa da kilomita goma a cikin sa'a. Wannan shine lokacin da sabuntawar lantarki fiye ko žasa yana aiki kuma ya bar aikin zuwa birki na hydraulic. Wannan abin da ake kira haɗakarwa (watau mafi dabarar sauye-sauye daga birki na lantarki zuwa birkin gogayya) yakamata ya zama mai sauƙi kamar yadda zai yiwu - kuma a zahiri kawai kuna jin ƙara kaɗan kafin tsayawa. Sakamakon haka, tuƙi tare da sarrafa tafiye-tafiye mai aiki, wanda aka mayar da shi gabaɗaya, ya fi annashuwa sosai.

Lokacin tuki, tsarin suna aiki tare sosai. Bugu da kari, ikon kilowatts 265 a cikin yanayin al'ada da kilowatts 300 (408 "doki") a cikin yanayin Boost ya isa ga fasinjoji su ji turawa da aka sani a baya yayin hanzari. Bayan daƙiƙa shida, kuna isa babban gudu a kan hanyar ƙasa, kuma a kilomita 200 a kowace awa, na'urorin lantarki sun daina hanzarta. Idan aka kwatanta, Jaguar I-Pace na iya saurin kilomita goma da sauri. Da zaran e-tron ya ratsa sasanninta cikin sauri, ku ma kuna jin nauyi a kujerar fasinja ta gaba ana matse shi waje. A kowane hali, tuƙi mai ƙafa huɗu, wanda aka daidaita don isar da ƙarfin ƙarfi zuwa ƙafafun baya kamar yadda zai yiwu, yana ƙoƙarin ɓoye ƙarin nauyin abin hawa (ta hanyar karfin juyi da zaɓin amfani da birki), kuma a cikin yanayi mara kyau. a kan hanya, shi ma yana taimakawa da dakatarwar iska.

Idan ka tuƙi kai tsaye gaba, na'urorin lantarki suna rage juzu'i a kan gatari na gaba don adana kuzari. A lokaci guda, direba ba zai iya shiga tsakani a cikin rarraba wutar lantarki ba kuma da hannu daidaita motar zuwa duk ƙafafun baya ko gaba. "Wannan motar tana aiki mafi inganci idan gaban gatari koyaushe yana taimakawa motsi kaɗan," in ji Viktor Anderberg. Bari mu kalli ma'aunin makamashi na ɗan gajeren tafiyarmu: a kan gangaren kilomita 31 tare da digo a tsaye na mita 1.900, e-tron na Audi ya ƙaru da fiye da kilomita 100.

Wolfgang Gomol (latsa-sanar)