Muna nazarin makircin kayan aikin lantarki VAZ 21074
Abubuwa
Direba wanda ke da ilimin asali game da na'urar da ka'idodin aiki na kayan lantarki na Vaz 21074 zai iya ganowa da kuma kawar da nakasu da yawa na sashin lantarki na motarsa da kansa. Ma'amala da rushewar abubuwan lantarki da hanyoyin VAZ 21074 zasu taimaka zane-zane na wayoyi na musamman da wurin na'urori a cikin motar.
Waya zane VAZ 21074
A cikin motocin VAZ 21074, ana isar da makamashin lantarki ga masu amfani a cikin tsarin waya guda ɗaya: "tabbatacciyar" fitarwa na kowane kayan lantarki yana aiki daga tushe, "mara kyau" fitarwa yana haɗa da "taro", i.e. abin hawa. Godiya ga wannan bayani, gyaran kayan aikin lantarki yana sauƙaƙe kuma tsarin lalata yana raguwa. Dukkanin na'urorin lantarki na mota suna aiki da baturi (lokacin da injin ke kashe) ko kuma janareta (lokacin da injin ke aiki).
Hakanan duba na'urar lantarki VAZ 2107: https://bumper.guru/klassicheskie-modeli-vaz/elektrooborudovanie/elektroshema-vaz-2107.html
Waya zane VAZ 21074 injector
Sifofin injector na "bakwai" da aka fitar daga masana'anta suna da alamomi:
- LADA 2107-20 - daidai da daidaitattun Euro-2;
- LADA 2107-71 - don kasuwar kasar Sin;
- LADA-21074-20 (Euro-2);
- LADA-21074-30 (Euro-3).
Canje-canje na allura na VAZ 2107 da VAZ 21074 suna amfani da ECM (tsarin sarrafa injin lantarki), famfon mai na lantarki, injectors, na'urori masu auna firikwensin sarrafawa da saka idanu injin sigogi. A sakamakon haka, ana buƙatar ƙarin ɗakunan injin da kuma na'urorin haɗi na ciki. Bugu da kari, VAZ 2107 da VAZ 21074 sanye take da wani ƙarin gudun ba da sanda da fiusi akwatin located a karkashin akwatin safar hannu. Ana haɗa wayoyi zuwa ƙarin naúrar, ƙarfafawa:
- na'urorin haɗi:
- ikon da'irori na babban gudun ba da sanda;
- da'irori na samar da wutar lantarki akai-akai na mai sarrafawa;
- lantarki famfo famfo relay da'irori;
- relay:
- Babban abu;
- famfo mai;
- lantarki fan;
- mai haɗa bincike.
Waya zane VAZ 21074 carburetor
Da'irar lantarki na carburetor "bakwai" sun fi dacewa daidai da da'irar nau'in allura: banda shi ne rashin abubuwan sarrafa injin. Duk na'urorin lantarki VAZ 21074 yawanci sun kasu zuwa tsarin:
- samar da wutar lantarki;
- sakewa;
- ƙyamar wuta;
- haske da sigina;
- kayan taimako.
Samar da wutar lantarki
GXNUMX ne ke da alhakin samarwa masu amfani da wutar lantarki:
- ƙarfin baturi 12 V, ƙarfin 55 Ah;
- nau'in janareta G-222 ko 37.3701;
- Ya112V mai daidaita wutar lantarki, wanda ke kula da wutar lantarki ta atomatik tsakanin 13,6-14,7 V.
Injin farawa
Tsarin farawa a cikin VAZ 21074 mai kunna baturi ne kuma mai kunna wuta. Akwai relays guda biyu a cikin da'irar farawa:
- m, wanda ke ba da wutar lantarki zuwa tashoshi masu farawa;
- retractor, saboda abin da Starter shaft shiga tare da flywheel.
Kwamfutar lasisin
A farkon sigogin samfurin VAZ na bakwai, an yi amfani da tsarin kunna wutar lantarki, wanda ya haɗa da:
- murfin wuta;
- mai rarrabawa tare da mai karya lamba;
- walƙiya;
- high ƙarfin lantarki wayoyi.
A 1989, tsarin da ake kira contactless ƙonewa ya bayyana, da makircin ya hada da:
- Spark toshe
- Mai rarrabawa.
- Allon.
- Sensor Hall.
- Canjin lantarki.
- Nunin igiya.
- Toshewar hawa.
- Toshe gudun ba da sanda.
- Maɓalli da kunna wuta.
A cikin "bakwai" tare da injunan allura, ana amfani da tsarin ƙonewa na zamani. Ayyukan wannan da'irar ya dogara ne akan gaskiyar cewa ana aika siginar daga na'urori masu auna sigina zuwa ECU (nau'in kula da lantarki), wanda, bisa ga bayanan da aka karɓa, ya haifar da motsin wutar lantarki kuma yana watsa su zuwa wani nau'i na musamman. Bayan haka, ƙarfin lantarki yana tashi zuwa ƙimar da ake buƙata kuma ana ciyar da shi ta hanyar igiyoyi masu ƙarfin lantarki zuwa masu walƙiya.
Hasken Waje
Tsarin hasken waje ya haɗa da:
- Toshe fitilolin mota tare da girma.
- Hasken sashin injin.
- Toshewar hawa.
- Hasken akwatin safar hannu.
- Canjin hasken kayan aiki.
- Fitilar baya tare da girma.
- Hasken ɗaki.
- Canjin hasken waje.
- Fitilar mai nuna haske a waje (a cikin ma'aunin saurin gudu).
- Kunnawa.
Kayayyakin taimako
VAZ 21074 taimako ko ƙarin kayan aikin lantarki ya haɗa da:
- injin lantarki:
- gilashin gilashi;
- goge;
- fanka mai zafi;
- fanko mai sanyaya ruwa;
- taba sigari;
- kallo.
Shafukan haɗi yana amfani da:
- Gearmotors.
- ED injin wanki.
- Toshewar hawa.
- Kulle ƙyallen wuta.
- Canjin wanki.
Ƙarƙashin wayoyi
Uku daga cikin biyar wayoyi makaman Vaz 21074 suna samuwa a cikin injin daki. A cikin motar, an ajiye kayan aikin ta cikin ramukan fasaha da aka yi da matosai na roba.
Ana iya ganin tarin wayoyi guda uku da ke cikin sashin injin:
- tare da laka na dama;
- tare da garkuwar injin da laka na hagu;
- fitowa daga baturi.
igiyar waya a cikin gida
A cikin gida na Vaz 21074 akwai wayoyi harnesses:
- karkashin sashin kayan aiki. Wannan kullin ya ƙunshi wayoyi masu alhakin fitilolin mota, alamun jagora, dashboard, hasken ciki;
- mikewa daga akwatin fis zuwa bayan motar. Wayoyin wannan dam suna aiki da fitilun baya, hita gilashi, firikwensin matakin man fetur.
Wayoyin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin "bakwai" don haɗin lantarki na nau'in PVA ne kuma suna da ɓangaren giciye na 0,75 zuwa 16 mm2. Yawan wayoyi na tagulla daga abin da aka karkatar da wayoyi na iya zama daga 19 zuwa 84. Ana yin rufin wiring akan tushen polyvinyl chloride mai jure yanayin zafi da harin sinadarai.
Don sauƙaƙe gyare-gyare, kiyayewa da maye gurbin kayan aikin lantarki, masana'anta na motocin Vaz 21074 suna da tsarin launi mai launi.
Table: sashe da launi na wayoyi mafi mahimmancin kayan lantarki VAZ 21074
| Sashen kewayawa na lantarki | Sashin waya, mm2 | Launi mai rufi |
| rage baturi - "taro" na jiki | 16 | baki |
| plus Starter - baturi | 16 | ja |
| janareta plus - baturi | 6 | baki |
| alternator - mai haɗa baki | 6 | baki |
| m "30" na janareta - farar block MB | 4 | ruwan hoda |
| Starter Terminal "50" - Starter Relay | 4 | ja |
| fara gudu gudun ba da sanda - baki haši | 4 | launin ruwan kasa |
| ƙonewa gudun ba da sanda - baki haši | 4 | blue |
| m "50" na kulle kulle - blue connector | 4 | ja |
| m "30" na ƙonewa canza - kore connector | 4 | ruwan hoda |
| mai haɗa hasken wuta na dama - "ƙasa" | 2,5 | baki |
| Hagu mai haɗa hasken wuta - mai haɗa shuɗi | 2,5 | kore (launin toka) |
| m "15" na janareta - rawaya haši | 2,5 | orange |
| EM radiator fan - "ƙasa" | 2,5 | baki |
| Radiator fan EM-mai haɗa ja | 2,5 | blue |
| tuntuɓar "30/1" na maɓallin kunnawa - relay relay | 2,5 | launin ruwan kasa |
| tuntuɓar "15" na maɓallin kunnawa - mai haɗin fil ɗaya | 2,5 | blue |
| wutar sigari - mai haɗin shuɗi | 1,5 | blue (ja) |
Yadda ake maye gurbin wayoyi
Idan an fara katsewa akai-akai a cikin aikin na'urorin lantarki da ke da alaƙa da na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa mara kyau, masana sun ba da shawarar maye gurbin duk wayoyin da ke cikin motar. Haka ya kamata a yi bayan siyan mota daga mai shi, wanda ya yi canje-canje ga makirci, ƙara ko inganta wani abu. Irin waɗannan canje-canje suna shafar ma'auni na cibiyar sadarwar kan-board, misali, baturi na iya fitarwa da sauri, da dai sauransu. Saboda haka, zai zama mafi daidai ga sabon mai shi ya dawo da komai zuwa ainihin siffarsa.
Don maye gurbin wiring a cikin gida, dole ne ku:
- Cire masu haɗawa daga shingen hawa.
Don fara maye gurbin wayoyi, kuna buƙatar cire masu haɗawa daga shingen hawa - Cire sashin kayan aiki da datsa gaba.Mataki na gaba shine cire datsa da panel na kayan aiki.
- Cire tsohuwar wayoyi.An cire tsohon wayoyi daga motar
- Sanya sabon wayoyi a madadin tsohon.Sanya sabbin wayoyi a madadin tsohuwar wayoyi.
- Mayar da datsa kuma maye gurbin kayan aikin.
Idan kana buƙatar maye gurbin duk wani ɓangaren lantarki na VAZ 21074, amma babu "yan ƙasa" wayoyi a hannunka, zaka iya amfani da samfurori irin wannan. Misali, ga “bakwai”, wayoyi tare da fihirisa masu zuwa ya dace:
- 21053-3724030 - akan dashboard;
- 21053-3724035-42 - a kan kayan aiki;
- 21214-3724036 - don injectors na man fetur;
- 2101-3724060 - a kan farawa;
- 21073-3724026 - zuwa tsarin kunnawa;
- 21073-3724210-10 - lebur baya kayan doki.
A lokaci guda tare da wayoyi, a matsayin mai mulkin, an kuma canza shinge mai hawa. Zai fi kyau a shigar da sabon nau'in shingen hawa tare da fis ɗin toshewa. Ya kamata a tuna cewa, duk da kamance na waje, tubalan hawa na iya zama nau'i daban-daban, don haka kuna buƙatar duba alamun tsohuwar block kuma shigar da guda ɗaya. In ba haka ba, kayan lantarki na iya yin aiki da kyau.
Bidiyo: ƙwararrun matsalolin lantarki VAZ 21074
Muna cire panel kuma sanya shi a kan sly, babu wani abu mai rikitarwa a can. Da farko, muna haɗa panel da ciki, muna shimfiɗa braid a ƙarƙashin murfin zuwa wurin toshe. Mun yada wayoyi a cikin injin injin: corrugation, clamps, don haka babu abin da ke rataye ko dangles. Mun sanya block, haɗa shi kuma kun gama. Ina kuma ba ku shawara da ku sanya tashoshi na yau da kullun akan baturi, datti na yau da kullun (akalla akan daidaitattun wayoyi na tara). Kuma siyan nau'ikan fuus ɗin Czech guda biyu, ba na Sinawa ba.
Laifin lantarki VAZ 21074 - yadda za a gano da kuma gyara matsaloli
Idan, bayan kunna maɓallin kunnawa, man fetur ya shiga cikin carburetor ko Vaz 21074, kuma injin bai fara ba, dalilin ya kamata a nemi sashin lantarki. A cikin mota tare da injin carburetor, dole ne a duba, da farko, mai rarraba-raba, nada da tartsatsin walƙiya, da kuma wayoyi na wannan kayan lantarki. Idan motar tana da injin allura, matsalar ta fi sau da yawa a cikin ECM ko lambobi masu ƙonewa a cikin maɓallin kunnawa.
Injin carburetor
Samun ra'ayi game da aiki na tsarin lantarki na mota, yana da sauƙi don ƙayyade dalilin rashin aiki da kuma kawar da shi. Misali, a cikin injin carbureted:
- aikin kunna wuta yana farawa tare da maɓalli ana matsar da shi zuwa matsayin "Starter";
- bayan haka, ana kunna janareta;
- daga janareta, ana amfani da siginar lantarki a kan nada wanda ke haifar da babban ƙarfin lantarki;
- ta hanyar manyan wayoyi masu ƙarfi, ana ba da wutar lantarki daga coil zuwa mai rarrabawa;
- Daga mai rarrabawa, ana aika motsin wutar lantarki zuwa wayoyin tartsatsin tartsatsin.
Idan injin bai tashi ba bayan an kunna wuta, wannan na iya zama saboda:
- karya a cikin da'irar lantarki tsakanin coil da janareta. Wajibi ne a tabbatar da amincin duk lambobin sadarwa da wayoyi a cikin wannan sashe na kewaye;
- gazawar jujjuyawa. Don duba lafiyar coil, kuna buƙatar cire kebul na wutar lantarki na mai rarrabawa, kuma tare da injin yana gudana, taɓa shi tare da lambobin "ƙasa". Idan tartsatsi ya faru a wannan lokaci, nada yana da kyau;
- katsewar da'irar tsakanin masu rarrabawa da matosai. Wajibi ne a yi amfani da kebul na wutar lantarki mai girma a cikin wannan yanki kuma duba amincin mai sikelin a ƙarƙashin murfin mai rarrabawa.
Idan motar tana amfani da tsarin kunna wuta mara lamba, ana kuma shigar da na'urar sauya sheka tsakanin coil da mai rarrabawa a cikin kewaye. Ayyukan sauyawa shine karɓar sigina daga firikwensin kusanci da kuma haifar da bugun jini da ake amfani da su zuwa iskar farko na nada: wannan yana taimakawa wajen haifar da walƙiya yayin da yake gudana akan ɗanyen mai. Ana duba maɓalli kamar yadda coil: walƙiya a kan wayar da aka samar na mai rarraba yana nuna cewa sauyawa yana aiki.
Karin bayani game da injin carburetor: https://bumper.guru/klassicheskie-modeli-vaz/dvigatel/dvigatel-vaz-2107.html
Injin injin
An fara injin allurar ne saboda:
- yin amfani da famfon mai na lantarki, wanda ke da alhakin samuwar matsa lamba a cikin tsarin man fetur;
- samuwar cakuda mai a cikin silinda (kuma ba a cikin carburetor ba);
- allurar mai ta hanyar injin lantarki;
- ta amfani da ECM, wanda ke ƙayyade lokacin allurar mai a cikin silinda.
Katsewa a cikin kunna injin allura galibi ana danganta su da rashin aiki na firikwensin ko karyar wayoyi. Don bincika amincin firikwensin, dole ne ku:
- Cire haɗin haɗin kuma cire firikwensin daga wurin zama.
- Auna juriya na firikwensin.Cire firikwensin kuma auna juriyarsa tare da multimeter.
- Kwatanta sakamakon tare da tebur, wanda za'a iya samuwa a cikin umarnin don kayan lantarki na mota.
Bincike na rashin aiki na kayan aikin lantarki na taimako ya fara, a matsayin mai mulkin, tare da shinge mai hawa. Idan akwai matsaloli a cikin aikin walƙiya, ƙararrawar sauti da haske, injin huta, fanka mai sanyaya ko wasu na'urori, dole ne ka fara bincika amincin fis ɗin da ke da alhakin wannan sashin na kewaye. Ana bincika fis, kamar na'urorin lantarki na mota, ana yin su ta amfani da multimeter.
Ƙarin bayani game da samfurin VAZ 21074: https://bumper.guru/klassicheskie-modeli-vaz/poleznoe/vaz-21074-inzhektor.html
Table: hankula malfunctions na lantarki kayan aiki VAZ 21074 da kuma hanyoyin da za a kawar da su
| Malfunction | Dalili | Yadda za a gyara |
| Baturi yana gudu da sauri | Rashin wutar lantarki mara kyau. Sako da wayoyi a kan janareta, shingen hawa, tashoshin baturi ba su da ƙarfi sosai, da sauransu. | Bincika duk sassan da'irar: ƙarfafa duk haɗin gwiwa, tsabtace lambobi masu oxidized, da sauransu. |
| Lalacewar rufin da'irar wutar lantarki, yoyon halin yanzu ta wurin baturin | Auna ɗigogi na halin yanzu: idan ƙimar sa ta fi 0,01 A (tare da masu amfani da ba sa aiki), ya kamata ku nemi lalacewa ga rufin. Shafe baturin baturi tare da maganin barasa | |
| Lokacin da injin ke aiki, fitilar fitar da baturi tana kunne | Sako da bel ko karye | Danne bel ko musanya shi |
| Lalacewar da'irar tashin hankali na janareta, gazawar mai sarrafa wutar lantarki | Tsaftace lambobi masu oxidized, ƙarfafa tashoshi, idan ya cancanta, maye gurbin fuse F10 da mai sarrafa wutar lantarki | |
| Starter baya crank | Lalacewa ga da'irar sarrafa na'ura mai ba da hanya ta mai farawa, watau lokacin da aka kunna maɓallin kunnawa, gudun ba da sanda ba ya aiki (ba a jin danna alamar da ke ƙarƙashin murfin). | Cire da ƙara ƙaramar waya. Kunna lambobi na maɓalli na kunnawa da relay retractor tare da multimeter, idan ya cancanta, maye gurbin |
| Lambobin sadarwa na retractor sun kasance oxidized, rashin sadarwa mara kyau tare da mahalli (ana jin dannawa, amma armature na farawa baya juyawa) | Tsaftace lambobin sadarwa, tasha masu lalata. Kunna gudun ba da sanda da iskar mai farawa, idan ya cancanta, musanya | |
| Mai farawa yana juya crankshaft, amma injin baya farawa | Ba daidai ba saita tazara tsakanin lambobin sadarwa na mai karyawa | Daidaita rata tsakanin 0,35-0,45 mm. Ɗauki ma'auni tare da ma'aunin ji |
| Babban firikwensin zauren ya kasa | Sauya firikwensin zauren da sabon | |
| Mutum filaments na hita ba sa zafi sama | Maɓalli, gudun ba da sanda ko fuse hita ba su da tsari, wayoyi sun lalace, haɗin haɗin da'irar suna oxidized | Kunna duk abubuwan da ke kewaye tare da multimeter, maye gurbin sassan da suka kasa, tsaftace lambobi masu oxidized, ƙarfafa tashoshi. |
Kamar kowane tsarin abin hawa, kayan lantarki na VAZ 21074 yana buƙatar dubawa da kulawa lokaci-lokaci. Idan aka ba da shekaru masu daraja na yawancin "bakwai" da ake amfani da su a yau, kayan lantarki na waɗannan inji, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman. Daidaita kayan aikin lantarki zai tabbatar da aikin Vaz 21074 ba tare da matsala na dogon lokaci ba.
