Tarihi na motocin dakon man fetur na hydrogen

Ƙarshen shekarun 2000 da farkon 2010 sun sami bunƙasa a cikin motocin hydrogen waɗanda sannu a hankali aka gabatar da su a kasuwannin duniya.

Idan kai nau'in mutum ne wanda har yanzu bai gano 'yan wasan DVD ba kuma kuna son ci gaban fasahar ku ya motsa cikin saurin kunkuru fiye da kurege, tunanin motocin hydrogen na iya sa ku sha'awar kwanakin da pennies. ya mulki hanyoyi - farthings. 

Motocin da ke amfani da hydrogen na iya zama kamar abin ban tsoro daga gaba, amma fasahar sufuri ce da ta daɗe fiye da yadda kuke zato. 

Wanene ya yi motar hydrogen ta farko? 

Motar farko ta injin konewa na ciki (ICE) mai ƙarfin hydrogen ta kasance kamar na'urar azabtarwa fiye da wani abu da zai iya kai ku can da dogaro, kuma mai ƙirƙira ɗan ƙasar Switzerland François Isaac de Rivaz ne ya ƙirƙira ta a shekara ta 1807 ta hanyar amfani da balon iska mai zafi cike da hydrogen. hydrogen da oxygen. A fasaha, ana iya kiran wannan motar hydrogen ta farko, kodayake motar hydrogen ta zamani ta farko ba ta bayyana ba sai bayan shekaru 150. 

Tarihin kwayoyin man fetur na hydrogen

Lokacin da rayuwa ta yi sanyi sosai cewa matsakaicin mutum zai iya samun ayyuka uku a lokaci guda (yana 1847), masanin kimiyya, lauya, da masanin kimiyya William Grove ya ƙirƙira ƙwayar mai aiki, wanda kuma aka sani da na'urar da ke jujjuya makamashin sinadarai na hydrogen da oxygen. shiga wutar lantarki, wanda hakan ya bashi damar yin fahariya da wanda ya kirkiro man fetur.

Tarihin man fetur ya fara ne lokacin da injiniyan Ingilishi Francis Thomas Bacon ya fadada aikin Groves tsakanin 1939 zuwa 1959, lokacin da motar salula ta zamani ta farko ita ce taraktan noma ta Allis-Chalmers wacce aka sanya mata man fetur mai karfin 15 kW a karshen shekarar 1950. Shekaru na XNUMX. 

Motar hanya ta farko da ta fara amfani da kwayar mai ita ce motar da ake kira Chevrolet Electrovan, wacce ta zo a cikin 1966 daga General Motors kuma ta yi alfahari da kewayon kusan kilomita 200 da babban gudun 112 km / h. 

An yi amfani da hydrogen da farko a matsayin tushen mai don zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a cikin 1980s da 90s, amma a shekara ta 2001 tankunan hydrogen 700 na farko (10000 psi) sun shiga wasa, mai canza wasa kamar yadda za a iya amfani da wannan fasaha a cikin motoci da tsawaita jirgin. iyaka. 

Ƙarshen shekarun 2000 da farkon 2010 sun sami bunƙasa a cikin motocin hydrogen waɗanda sannu a hankali aka gabatar da su a kasuwannin duniya. A cikin 2008, Honda ya fito da FCX Clarity wanda ke samuwa don haya ga abokan ciniki a Japan da Kudancin California, kodayake an ƙaura zuwa babban wurin shakatawa na sama a cikin 2015.

Kimanin wasu motoci 20 masu amfani da hydrogen aka kera su a matsayin samfuri ko demos, gami da motar lantarki ta F-Cell hydrogen fuel cell (FCEV, ba "FCV" kamar yadda wasu ke kiranta ba) daga Mercedes-Benz, HydroGen4 daga General Motors. da Hyundai ix35 FCEV.

Motocin hydrogen: menene, menene zai kasance a nan gaba 

Hyundai Nexo

Batun motocin da ke amfani da hydrogen a matsayin zaɓin sufuri mai dacewa ya sami ci gaba lokacin da Hyundai ya ƙaddamar da Nexo a Koriya a cikin 2018, inda ya sayar da sama da raka'a 10,000 akan farashi daidai da AU $ 84,000. 

Hakanan ana siyar da Nexo a cikin Amurka (a cikin koren jihar California), Burtaniya da Ostiraliya, inda yake akwai don haya na musamman ga gwamnati da manyan kasuwanci daga Maris 2021, wanda ya mai da shi FCEV na farko da aka samu ta kasuwanci bakin tekunmu. 

A halin yanzu, kawai wurin da Nexo ke samar da mai a New South Wales shine hedkwatar Hyundai a Sydney, kodayake akwai tashar iskar gas a Canberra inda gwamnati ta yi hayar hydrogen FCEVs. 

Ma'ajiyar iskar iskar hydrogen ta kan jirgin na iya daukar lita 156.5, yayin da Nexo ke iya tafiyar kilomita 666 akan injin lantarki mai karfin 120 kW/395 Nm.

Maida mai Nexo - da duk motocin hydrogen - yana ɗaukar 'yan mintuna kaɗan kawai, wanda shine babban fa'ida akan motocin lantarki waɗanda ke ɗaukar ko'ina daga mintuna 30 zuwa awa 24 don caji. 

Toyota Miray

Mirai FCEV na farko ya bayyana a Japan a cikin 2014, kuma sigar ƙarni na biyu da aka saki kwanan nan ya riga ya bazu a cikin kafofin watsa labarai, ya kafa tarihin duniya na nisan mil 1,360 akan cikakken tanki na 5.65 kilogiram na hydrogen.

Kamar Hyundai, Toyota na fatan za a fara fitar da kayayyakin samar da iskar hydrogen na Ostiraliya cikin sauri ta yadda za ta iya siyar da FCEVs ga masu amfani da ita, kuma Mirais mai hayar Australiya a halin yanzu yana iya yin man fetur a wani wuri mallakar Toyota a Alton, Victoria. 

Adadin ajiyar hydrogen a cikin jirgin yana da lita 141, kuma iyakar tafiyar ya kai kilomita 650.

H2X Varrego

Farawa ta Ostiraliya FCEV H2X Global za ta fara isar da injin ta na Warrego ute hydrogen a cikin Afrilu 2022. 

Alamomin farashin kafin tafiya ba don rashin hankali ba: $ 189,000 na Warrego 66, $ 235,000 na Warrego 90, da $ 250,000 na Warrego XR.

Tankunan hydrogen na kan jirgin suna auna kilogiram 6.2 (tsawon kilomita 500) ko 9.3 kilogiram (kewayon kilomita 750).

Hakanan…

Hyundai Staria FCEV yana ci gaba, kamar yadda FCEVs daga Kia, Farawa, Ineos Automotive (Grenadier 4 × 4) da Land Rover (mai tsaron gida).