Gashi. Menene wannan man fetur?
Abubuwa
Man gas, wani lokaci ana kiransa "jajayen diesel", nau'in mai ne na mota. Ana iya haɗa shi azaman ɓangaren man dizal na al'ada (har zuwa kashi 20%), kuma ana amfani dashi a cikin masana'antar petrochemical azaman matsakaicin samfuri na matakan fashewar haɓakar haɓakar hydrocarbon. Sai ya zama cewa man iskar gas yafi ƙari ne ko samfurin da ya ƙare?
Jiki da sinadarai na man gas
A cikin gyaran man fetur na gida, man fetur da aka samu dole ne ya bi ka'idodin fasaha na GOST R 52755-2007, kuma ba mai zaman kanta ba ne, amma man fetur mai mahimmanci, wanda aka samu ta hanyar haɗakar gas ko man fetur. Irin wannan man gas ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da shi kawai azaman ƙari.
GOST yana ƙayyadad da sigogin mai na iskar gas:
- Yawan yawa a zafin jiki na waje 15°C, t/m3 750-1000.
- Kinematic danko a 50°C, mm2/s, ba mafi girma - 200.
- Zazzabi, °C-270 500.
- Abubuwan da ke cikin sulfur mahadi a cikin ƙãre samfurin,% - har zuwa 20.
- Lambar acid, dangane da KOH - har zuwa 4.
- Kasancewar ƙazantattun injiniyoyi,% - har zuwa 10;
- Kasancewar ruwa,% - har zuwa 5.
Babu wasu halaye a cikin wannan ma'auni game da man gas, kuma muhimmin tazara na bayanai yana ba mu damar ƙaddamar da cewa, a gaskiya ma, man gas ba ya wakiltar wani nau'i mai mahimmanci na hydrocarbons, amma ya kasu kashi da dama. Akwai manyan nau'ikan man gas guda biyu - man gas na yanayi (ko haske) da man iskar gas (ko nauyi).
Jiki Properties na yanayi gas mai
Ana samun irin wannan nau'in hydrocarbon a yanayin yanayi (ko dan kadan mafi girma, har zuwa 15 kPa) matsa lamba, lokacin da juzu'i tare da zafin jiki na 270 zuwa 360.°C.
Man gas mai haske yana da isasshen ruwa mai inganci, in mun gwada da ɗanko kaɗan, kuma a cikin babban taro yana iya aiki azaman mai kauri. Wannan yana rage fa'idar wannan nau'in man gas a matsayin man fetur na ababen hawa, don haka wasu dillalan mai suna sayar da man ba mai sauki ba ne, sai ma'adinan sa, wanda a zahiri barna ce ta ci gaba da samar da sinadarin petrochemical.
Ana iya bambanta man gas na yanayi ta launinsa - ko dai launin rawaya ne ko rawaya-kore. Rashin tabbas na halayen man gas, da aka bayar a cikin sakin layi na baya, kuma yana nuna halin rashin kwanciyar hankali na irin wannan nau'in mai, wanda ya kara tsanantawa saboda yawan adadin nitrogen da musamman sulfur, wanda ke lalata injin.
Jiki Properties na injin gas mai
Man gas mai nauyi yana tafasa a yanayin zafi mai girma, a cikin kewayon 350…560°C, kuma a ƙarƙashin vacuum a cikin jirgin ruwa mai kara kuzari. Danko yana da girma, sabili da haka, filasha yana ƙaruwa daidai (har zuwa 120 ... 150).°C) da kuma yawan zafin jiki, akasin haka, yana raguwa, kuma baya wuce -22 ... -30°C. Launi na irin wannan man gas yana dan kadan rawaya, kuma wani lokacin kusan m.
Kodayake halayen mabukaci na waje na man gas mai nauyi suna kusa da kaddarorin man dizal ɗin daidai, ba su da kwanciyar hankali, kuma sun dogara sosai kan yanayin waje. An bayyana wannan ta hanyoyin sarrafawa da aka aiwatar don samun man gas. Saboda haka, kasancewarsa matsakaicin juzu'in sinadarai na tace mai, ba zai iya samun halaye na dindindin na aiki ba.
Aikace-aikacen man gas
A matsayin nau'in mai mai zaman kansa don abubuwan hawa, ba a ba da shawarar man gas ba. Koyaya, yana samun aikace-aikace a cikin fagagen ayyukan tattalin arziki masu zuwa:
- Kayan wuta da ake amfani da su don dumama wuraren zama da masana'antu.
- Tasoshin ruwa da na ruwa sanye da ƙananan injunan diesel masu ƙarfi.
- Masu samar da dizal.
- Injin aikin noma ko na titi, tun daga masu yankan lawn da busar da hatsi zuwa na tona da tarkace.
Yawancin lokaci ana ba da shawarar man gas a matsayin madaidaicin mai don asibitoci, cibiyoyin bayanai da sauran ƙungiyoyi masu amfani da samfuran mai. Ba a bayyana wannan da yawa da darajar man gas a matsayin mai ba, amma ta hanyar arha.
Man gas da man dizal: bambance-bambance
Bari mu fara da cewa NO irin gas man da za a iya bada shawarar a matsayin dizal man fetur ga motoci: shi dauke da ƙazantar da motsi sassa na engine, saboda abin da kwanciyar hankali da karfin juyi dabi'u saukad, da kuma amfani da irin wannan " man fetur" yana ƙaruwa sosai. Amma ga ƙarancin ƙarancin wutar lantarki (waɗanda ake amfani da su a cikin haɓakawa da kayan jigilar kayayyaki, haɗaka, tarakta, da sauransu), rashin daidaituwar halayen physicochemical na man gas ba shi da mahimmanci, kuma yin amfani da injunan irin waɗannan kayan aikin ya fi guntu. lokaci.
Ma'anar "jajayen diesel", wanda ya fi kowa a kasashen waje, yana nufin kawai ƙara wani launi na musamman ga man gas. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen bin diddigin masu rarraba mai, tunda irin wannan canjin launi da aka gano a gidan mai yana ɗaukar tara tara.
Abubuwan sinadaran da ke tattare da man gas da man dizal kusan iri daya ne, don haka ya kamata a yi nuni da cewa daga wannan ra’ayi, man gas din man dizal ne mai launin ja. Wanda babu makawa zai haifar da babbar illa ga motarka.
