Tsarin karfafawa na lantarki (ESP, AHS, DSC, PSM, VDC, VSC)

Waɗannan tsarin suna tabbatar da cewa abin hawa yana aiki lafiya a cikin mawuyacin yanayi, musamman lokacin da ake kushewa. A lokacin motsi, tsarin yana kimanta alamomi da yawa, kamar saurin ko jujjuyawar tuƙi, kuma idan haɗarin yawo, tsarin na iya dawo da motar zuwa inda take ta asali ta hanyar birki ƙafafun mutum ɗaya. A cikin motocin da suka fi tsada, tsarin kula da kwanciyar hankali kuma yana nuna chassis mai aiki wanda ya dace da saman direba da salon tuƙi kuma yana ƙara ba da gudummawa ga amincin tuki. Yawancin motoci suna amfani da tsarin sa alama akan ababen hawan su. Esp (Mercedes-Benz, Skoda, VW, Peugeot da sauran su). Tare da alama AHS (Tsarin aiki mai aiki) Chevrolet yayi amfani da su a cikin motocin su, DSC (Dynamic tsaro ikoBMW, PSM (Porsche Stability Management System), V DC (Ikon sarrafa abin hawa) an sanya shi a kan motocin Subaru, V.S.C. (Kulawar lafiyar abin hawa) an kuma sanya shi a kan motocin Subaru da na Lexus.

Gajeriyar kalmar ESP ta fito ne daga Ingilishi Shirin kwanciyar hankali na lantarki kuma yana tsaye ne don shirin karfafawa na lantarki. Daga sunan da kansa, a bayyane yake cewa wannan wakilin mataimakan direban lantarki ne dangane da kwanciyar hankali na tuƙi. Ganowa da aiwatar da ESP na gaba shine ci gaba a masana'antar kera motoci. Irin wannan yanayin sau ɗaya ya faru tare da gabatarwar ABS. ESP yana taimaka wa gogaggen direba da gogewa ya jimre da wasu mawuyacin yanayi da ka iya tasowa yayin tuƙi. Yawancin na'urori masu auna sigina a cikin motar suna rikodin bayanan tuki na yanzu. Ana kwatanta wannan bayanan ta ɓangaren sarrafawa tare da bayanan da aka lissafa don yanayin tuƙi daidai. Lokacin da aka gano bambanci, ana kunna ESP ta atomatik kuma yana daidaita abin hawa. ESP yana amfani da wasu tsarin chassis na lantarki don aikinsa. Mafi mahimmancin ma'aikatan lantarki sun haɗa da tsarin hana birki na ABS, tsarin hana gudu (ASR, TCS da sauran su) da shawara kan aiki na abubuwan firikwensin ESP.

Injiniyoyi daga Bosch da Mercedes ne suka kirkiro tsarin. Mota ta farko da za a sanye take da ESP ita ce S 1995 alfarma (C 600) a cikin Maris 140. Bayan 'yan watanni bayan haka, tsarin ya kuma bi hanyar zuwa S-Class (W 140) da SL Roadster (R 129). Farashin wannan tsarin ya yi girma sosai cewa da farko tsarin ya kasance daidaitacce ne kawai a haɗe tare da babban injin 6,0 V12 goma sha biyu na silinda, don sauran injunan ESP an ba da shi ne kawai don ƙarin ƙarin kuɗi. Haƙiƙanin ƙaruwa a cikin ESP ya kasance saboda ƙananan abubuwa kuma, a wata hanya, daidaituwa. A cikin 1997, 'yan jaridar Sweden sun gudanar da gwajin kwanciyar hankali don sabon abu, wanda shine Mercedes A. Ga babban abin mamaki ga duk wanda ke wurin, Mercedes A ba zai iya jure wa abin da ake kira gwajin muse ba. Wannan shine farkon kasuwancin da ya tilasta masana'antun dakatar da samarwa na ɗan gajeren lokaci. Ƙoƙarin masu fasaha da masu zanen kaya a Stuttgart Automobile Plant don nemo madaidaicin matsalar da aka samu nasara. Dangane da gwaje -gwaje da yawa, ESP ya zama daidaitaccen sashi na Mercedes A. Wannan, biyun, yana nufin haɓaka haɓaka samar da wannan tsarin daga dubun dubatan da ake tsammanin zuwa ɗaruruwan dubunnan, kuma ana iya samun ƙarin farashi mai araha. ESP ya buɗe hanya don amfani a cikin matsakaici da ƙananan motoci. Haihuwar ESP wani juyin juya hali ne na gaske a fagen tukin lafiya, kuma a yau ya bazu sosai ba kawai godiya ga Mercedes-Benz ba. Kasancewar ESP, wanda ke haɓaka kuma a halin yanzu shine mafi girman masana'anta, ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga wanzuwar ESP.

A yawancin tsarin lantarki, kwakwalwa ita ce sashin sarrafa lantarki, kuma wannan ba haka yake ba tare da ESP. Ayyukan sashin sarrafawa shine kwatanta ainihin ƙima daga na'urori masu auna firikwensin tare da ƙididdige ƙididdiga yayin tuki. Hanyar da ake buƙata tana ƙayyade ta kusurwar juyawa da saurin juyawa na ƙafafun. Ana ƙididdige ainihin yanayin tuƙi bisa la'akari da hanzari na gefe da jujjuyawar abin hawa a kusa da kusurnsa na tsaye. Idan an gano sabani daga ƙididdige ƙididdiga, tsarin daidaitawa yana kunna. Aiki na ESP yana daidaita jujjuyawar inji kuma yana shafar tsarin birki na ƙafafu ɗaya ko fiye, ta haka yana kawar da motsin abin hawa maras so. ESP na iya gyara ƙwanƙwasa da ƙwanƙwasa lokacin da ake yin kusurwa. Ana gyaran ƙarƙashin abin hawa ta birki ta baya ta ciki. Ana gyara abin hawa sama ta hanyar birki na gaba. Lokacin yin birki a wata dabaran da aka bayar, ana haifar da ƙarfin birki akan waccan motar yayin daidaitawa. Dangane da sauƙaƙan ka'idar kimiyyar lissafi, waɗannan sojojin birki suna haifar da juzu'i a kusa da axis ɗin abin hawa. Matsalolin da ke haifarwa koyaushe yana magance motsin da ba'a so kuma don haka yana mayar da abin hawa zuwa inda ake so lokacin yin kusurwa. Yana kuma juya motar ta hanyar da ta dace lokacin da ba ta juya ba. Misalin aikin ESP shine saurin kusurwa lokacin da gatari na gaba ya fita da sauri daga kusurwa. ESP na farko yana rage karfin injin. Idan wannan aikin bai isa ba, motar ciki ta baya tana birki. Tsarin daidaitawa yana ci gaba har sai an rage halayen ƙetare.

ESP ya dogara ne akan sashin sarrafawa wanda ya saba da ABS da sauran tsarin lantarki irin su mai rarraba ƙarfin birki na EBV / EBD, mai sarrafa injin injin (MSR) da tsarin ƙyalƙyali (EDS, ASR da TCS). Na'urar sarrafa bayanai tana sarrafa bayanai sau 143 a sakan daya, wato kowane milimita 7, wanda ya fi sau 30 sauri fiye da na mutum. ESP yana buƙatar adadin firikwensin don aiki, kamar:

• firikwensin gano birki (yana sanar da sashin sarrafa wanda direbansa ke birki),
• na'urori masu auna sauri na ƙafafun ƙafa,
• firikwensin kusurwar tuƙi (yana ƙayyade hanyar da ake buƙata na tafiya),
• firikwensin hanzari na gefe (yana yin rijistar girman ƙarfin sojojin na gefe, kamar ƙarfin centrifugal a kan lanƙwasa),
• firikwensin jujjuya abin hawa a kusa da madaidaiciyar madaidaiciya (don tantance jujjuyawar abin hawa a kusa da madaidaicin tsaye da tantance yanayin motsi na yanzu),
• firikwensin matsa birki (yana ƙayyade matsin lamba na yanzu a cikin tsarin birki, daga abin da za a iya lissafin ƙarfin birki kuma, saboda haka, za a iya lissafin rundunonin da ke aiki a kan abin hawa),
• Na'urar haska hanzari (kawai don abubuwan hawa huɗu).

Bugu da ƙari, tsarin birki yana buƙatar ƙarin na'urar matsa lamba wanda ke amfani da matsin lamba lokacin da direban ba ya birki. Ƙungiyar hydraulic tana rarraba matsin birki zuwa ƙafafun birki. An ƙera fitilar hasken birki don kunna fitilun birki idan direba bai taka birki ba lokacin da tsarin ESP yake. A wasu lokuta ana iya kashe ESP tare da maɓallin akan dashboard, wanda ya dace, misali, lokacin tuƙi da sarƙar dusar ƙanƙara. Ana nuna kashewa ko kunna tsarin ta alamar da aka kunna akan allon kayan aiki.

ESP yana ba ku damar ɗan iyakance iyakokin dokokin kimiyyar lissafi don haka ƙara aminci aiki. Idan duk motoci suna sanye da ESP, kusan kashi goma na hatsarori za a iya gujewa. Tsarin koyaushe yana bincika kwanciyar hankali idan ba a kashe shi ba. Don haka, direban yana da aminci mafi girma, musamman akan hanyoyin kankara da kankara. Tun da ESP ta gyara jagorancin tafiya a cikin alkiblar da ake so kuma ta biya diyya don ɓarna da yawo, yana rage haɗarin haɗari a cikin mawuyacin yanayi. Koyaya, yakamata a jaddada a cikin numfashi ɗaya cewa ko da mafi kyawun ESP na zamani ba zai ceci direba mara hankali wanda baya bin dokokin kimiyyar lissafi.

Tunda ESP alamar kasuwanci ce ta BOSCH da Mercedes, wasu masana'antun ko dai suna amfani da tsarin Bosch da sunan ESP, ko kuma sun haɓaka tsarin nasu kuma suna amfani da taƙaitaccen (mallaka) daban.

Acura–Honda: Kula da Tsawon Mota (VSA)

Alfa Romeo: Dynamic Vehicle Control (VDC)

Audi: Tsarin Tsaro na Lantarki (ESP)

Bentley: Tsarin Tsaro na Lantarki (ESP)

BMW: vrátane Dynamic Traction Control DSC

Bugatti: Tsarin Tsaro na Lantarki (ESP)

Кик: StabiliTrak

Cadillac: StabiliTrak da Active Front Steering (AFS)

Motar Chery: Shirin Tsaro na Lantarki

Chevrolet: StabiliTrak; Gudanarwa mai aiki (Lin Corvette)

Chrysler: Tsarin Tsaro na Lantarki (ESP)

Citroën: Tsarin Tsaro na Lantarki (ESP)

Dodge: Tsarin Tsaro na Lantarki (ESP)

Daimler: Shirin Tsaro na Lantarki (ESP)

Fiat: Tsarin Tsaro na Lantarki (ESP) da Sarrafa Dynamic Control (VDC)

Ferrari: Kafaffen Gudanarwa (CST)

Ford: AdvanceTrac tare da Roll Over Stability Control (RSC), Dynamics Vehicle Dynamics (IVD), Shirin Tsaro na Lantarki (ESP) da Dynamic Stability Control (DSC)

Janar Motors: StabiliTrak

Holden: Tsarin Tsaro na Lantarki (ESP)

Hyundai: Tsarin Tsaro na Lantarki (ESP), Kula da Tsaron Lantarki (ESC), Taimakon Motar Motar (VSA)

Infiniti: Sarrafa Motar Mota (VDC)

Jaguar: Dynamic Stability Control (DSC)

Jeep: Shirin Tsaro na Lantarki (ESP)

Kia: Ikon Tsaro na Lantarki (ESC) da Tsarin Tsaro na Lantarki (ESP)

Lamborghini: Tsarin Tsaro na Lantarki (ESP)

Land Rover: Sarrafa Tsayayyar Kulawa (DSC)

Lexus: Haɗin Haɗin Haɗin Motoci (VDIM) da Kula da Motar Mota (VSC)

Lincoln: AdvanceTrac

Maserati: Maserati Stability Programme (MSP)

Mazda: Dynamic Stability Control (DSC), vrátane Dynamic Traction Control

Mercedes-Benz: Tsarin Tsaro na Lantarki (ESP)

Mercury: AdvanceTrac

MINI: Sarrafa Tsayayyar Karfi

Mitsubishi: MULTI-MODE Active Stability Control da Traction Control a Active Stability Control (ASC)

Nissan: Sarrafa Motar Mota (VDC)

Oldsmobile: Tsarin Sarrafa Tsarin (PCS)

Opel: Shirin Tsaro na Lantarki (ESP)

Peugeot: Tsarin Tsaro na Lantarki (ESP)

Bayani: Stabili Trak

Porsche: Porsche Stability Control (PSM)

Proton: shirin karfafawa na lantarki

Renault: Tsarin Tsaro na Lantarki (ESP)

Ƙungiyar Rover: Ƙarfafawa Mai Karfi (DSC)

Saab: Shirin Tsaro na Lantarki (ESP)

Saturn: StabiliTrak

Scania: Shirin Tsaro na Lantarki (ESP)

SEAT: Shirin Tsaro na Lantarki (ESP)

Škoda: Tsarin Tsaro na Lantarki (ESP)

Smart: Shirin Tsaro na Lantarki (ESP)

Subaru: Sarrafa Ƙarfafa Motar (VDC)

Suzuki: Tsarin Tsaro na Lantarki (ESP)

Toyota: Haɗin Haɗin Haɗin Mota (VDIM) da Kula da Motar Motar (VSC)

Vauxhall: Shirin Tsaro na Lantarki (ESP)

Volvo: Dynamic Stability and Traction Control (DSTC)

Volkswagen: Shirin Tsaro na Lantarki (ESP)