Dual-mass (dual-mass) flywheel - ka'ida, ƙira, jerin

Ta lafazin lafazi na tashi biyu ko biyu, akwai na’urar da ake kira mai hawa biyu. Wannan na’urar tana ba da damar watsa karfin juyi daga injin zuwa watsawa da kuma karawa zuwa ƙafafun abin hawa. Jirgin sama mai hawa biyu ya jawo hankulan jama'a saboda karancin shekarun rayuwarsa. Musanya ba kawai aiki bane, amma kuma yana buƙatar farashin kuɗi, tunda walat ɗin ya ƙunshi daga ɗari da yawa zuwa Yuro dubu. Daga cikin masu ababen hawa, galibi za ku ji tambayar abin da ake amfani da motoci masu ƙafa biyu lokacin da babu matsala da motoci.

Ƙananan ka'idar da tarihi

Injin konewa na cikin gida mai jujjuyawar inji shine ingantacciyar na'ura, wacce aikinta ke katsewa cikin lokaci. A saboda wannan dalili, an haɗa keken tashi zuwa crankshaft, wanda aikinsa shine tara isassun makamashin motsa jiki don shawo kan juriya masu wucewa yayin bugun bugun jini (ba aiki ba). Wannan yana cimma, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, daidaitattun injin da ake buƙata. Injin yana tafiyar da daidaito gwargwadon yawan silinda da injin ɗin ke da shi ko mafi girma (mafi nauyi). Duk da haka, ƙafar tashi mai nauyi yana rage rayuwar injin kuma yana rage shirye-shiryen yin juyi da sauri. Ana iya lura da wannan lamari, alal misali, tare da injin 1,4 TDi ko 1,2 HTP. Tare da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙafar ƙafa, waɗannan injunan silinda guda uku suna tafiya a hankali kuma suna raguwa. Rashin lahani na wannan hali shine, alal misali, canje-canjen kayan aiki a hankali. Girman na'urar tashi yana kuma tasiri ta hanyar abun da ke cikin silinda (a cikin layi, cokali mai yatsa ko dan dambe). Injin juzu'i mai adawa da nadi yana da daidaito sosai fiye da, misali, injin silinda huɗu na cikin layi. Don haka, tana kuma da ƙaramin keken tashi sama fiye da kwatankwacin injin silinda huɗu. Girman na'urar tashi kuma yana shafar ka'idar konewa, alal misali, injunan diesel na zamani kusan koyaushe suna buƙatar tashi. Idan aka kwatanta da takwarorinsu na man fetur, injinan dizal yawanci suna da rabon matsawa mafi girma, wanda sama da haka suke cin aiki sosai - ƙarfin motsin motsi na jujjuyawar tashi.

Ana ƙididdige ƙarfin kuzarin Ek da ke da alaƙa da juyi mai jujjuyawa ta amfani da dabara mai zuwa:

Daidai ne = 1/2·J ω 2

(ku J shine lokacin inertia na jiki game da axis na juyawa, ω shine saurin juyawa na angular na jiki).

Har ila yau, ma'aunin ma'auni yana taimakawa kawar da aiki mara daidaituwa, amma suna buƙatar wani adadin aikin injin don motsa su. Baya ga rashin daidaituwa, maimaita lokaci -lokaci na lokutan huɗu shima yana haifar da girgizawar torsional, wanda ke shafar tuƙi da watsawa. Matsakaicin inertial taro na injin konewa na ciki ya ƙunshi tarin inertial na sassan injin crank (madaidaitan ma'aunai), ƙuƙwalwa da kama. Koyaya, wannan bai isa ya kawar da girgizawar da ba a so ba a cikin yanayi mai ƙarfi kuma musamman ƙarancin injunan dizal. Sakamakon haka, dole ne a kiyaye watsawa da duk tsarin tuƙi daga waɗannan mummunan tasirin, kamar yadda ƙarar wuce gona da iri na iya faruwa a wasu saurin gudu, wanda ke haifar da matsanancin damuwa akan ƙwanƙwasawa da watsawa, jijjiga jiki mara daɗi, da hum na abin cikin motar. Ana iya ganin wannan a sarari a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa, wanda ke nuna girman girgizar injin da watsawa tare da madaidaitan duwatsu masu yawa. Girgizar murɗaɗɗen murɗaɗɗen wuta a fitowar injin da ƙoshin motsi a ƙofar watsawa kusan iri ɗaya ne da mitoci. A wasu gudu, waɗannan sauye -sauye suna taɓarɓarewa, wanda ke haifar da haɗarin da ba a so.

Sanin kowa ne cewa injunan dizal sun fi na man fetur ƙarfi sosai, don haka sassansu sun fi nauyi (nau'in crank, igiyoyi masu haɗawa, da sauransu). Ƙimar girma da daidaita irin wannan injin matsala ce mai wuyar gaske, wanda maganinsa ya ƙunshi jerin abubuwan haɗin kai da abubuwan da aka samo asali. A taƙaice dai, injin konewa na cikin gida ya ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa, kowanne yana da nasa nauyi da ƙanƙara, waɗanda a tare suka zama tsarin maɓuɓɓugar ruwa. Irin wannan tsarin jikin kayan abu, wanda aka haɗa ta maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, yana kula da juyawa a lokuta daban-daban yayin aiki (a ƙarƙashin kaya). Mahimmin rukunin farko na mitocin oscillation yana cikin kewayon 2-10 Hz. Ana iya ɗaukar wannan mitar na halitta kuma a zahiri mutum ba ya gane shi. Ƙirar mitar ta biyu tana cikin kewayon 40-80 Hz, kuma muna ganin waɗannan girgizar kamar girgizar, kuma amo a matsayin ruri. Ayyukan masu zanen kaya shine kawar da wannan resonance (40-80 Hz), wanda a aikace yana nufin matsawa zuwa wurin da mutum bai da dadi sosai (kimanin 10-15 Hz).

Motar tana ƙunshe da hanyoyi da yawa waɗanda ke kawar da girgiza mara kyau da hayaniya (tubalan shiru, jakunkuna, rufin amo), kuma a cikin ainihin madaidaicin faifan diski na yau da kullun. Baya ga watsa jujjuyawar wuta, aikinta kuma shine ya datse girgizar da takeyi. Ya ƙunshi maɓuɓɓugan ruwa waɗanda idan girgizar da ba a so ta yi, takan danne yawancin ƙarfinta. A cikin yanayin yawancin injunan mai, ƙarfin ɗaukar kama ɗaya ya wadatar. Irin wannan ka'ida ta shafi injinan diesel har zuwa tsakiyar 90s, lokacin da almara 1,9 TDi tare da Bosch VP rotary famfo ya wadatar tare da kama na al'ada da kuma na'urar tashi ta musamman guda ɗaya.

Koyaya, a kan lokaci, injunan diesel sun fara ba da ƙarin ƙarfi saboda ƙarancin ƙaramin ƙara (adadin silinda), al'adun aikin su ya zo kan gaba, kuma, ƙarshe amma ba mafi ƙaranci ba, matsin lamba akan "saw flywheel "Har ila yau, ya haɓaka ƙaƙƙarfan ƙa'idodin muhalli. Gabaɗaya, ba za a iya samar da dusar ƙanƙarar torsional ba ta hanyar fasahar gargajiya, sabili da haka buƙatar ƙuƙwalwar tashi biyu ta zama larura. Kamfani na farko da ya gabatar da ZMS (Zweimassenschwungrad) dual-mass flywheel shine LuK. An fara samar da taro da yawa a cikin 1985, kuma BMW na Jamusanci shine farkon kera motoci don nuna sha'awar sabon na'urar. Jirgin sama mai dumbin yawa ya sami ci gaba da yawa tun daga lokacin, tare da jirgin kasa na duniya na ZF-Sachs a halin yanzu ana ɗaukar mafi ci gaba.

Dual taro flywheel - ƙira da aiki

Ƙaƙwalwar ƙafar ƙafar ƙafar dual-mass a zahiri tana aiki kamar na'urar tashi ta al'ada, wanda kuma yana yin aikin datse girgizawar torsional kuma ta haka yana kawar da girgiza da hayaniya maras so. Ƙaƙwalwar gardama mai dual-mass ya bambanta da na al'ada domin babban ɓangarensa - ƙaƙƙarfan ƙanƙara - yana da alaƙa da sassauƙa da crankshaft. Sabili da haka, a cikin lokaci mai mahimmanci (har zuwa kololuwar matsawa) yana ba da damar wasu raguwa na crankshaft, sannan kuma (a lokacin haɓakawa) wasu haɓakawa. Duk da haka, gudun ƙanƙara da kansa ya kasance mai tsayi, don haka gudun da ke fitowa daga akwatin gear shima ya kasance akai kuma ba tare da girgiza ba. The dual mass flywheel yana jujjuya makamashin motsin sa kai tsaye zuwa crankshaft, ƙarfin amsawa da ke aiki akan injin da kansa ya fi santsi, kuma kololuwar waɗannan rundunonin sun yi ƙasa sosai, don haka injin ɗin kuma yana girgiza yana girgiza sauran injin ɗin. jiki. Rarraba cikin inertia na farko a gefen motar da na biyu inertia a gefen gearbox yana ƙara lokacin rashin ƙarfi na sassan jujjuyawar akwatin gear. Wannan yana motsa kewayon resonant zuwa ƙaramin mitar mitar (rpm) fiye da saurin aiki don haka ya fita daga kewayon saurin aiki na injin. Ta wannan hanyar, girgizar girgizar da injin ke haifarwa ke rabuwa da watsawa, kuma hayaniya da rurin jiki ba su kara faruwa ba. Saboda gaskiyar cewa sassa na farko da na sakandare suna haɗa su ta hanyar damfara mai jijjiga, yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da faifan clutch ba tare da dakatarwa ba.

The dual-mass flywheel shima yana aiki azaman abin da ake kira shock absorber. Wannan yana nufin yana taimakawa dampen clutch hits a lokacin motsi na kaya (lokacin da saurin injin yana buƙatar daidaitawa tare da saurin ƙafa) kuma yana taimakawa farawa mai santsi. Duk da haka, abubuwan da ke da ƙarfi (maɓuɓɓugan ruwa) a cikin ƙugiya mai dual-mass suna yin taya koyaushe kuma suna ba da damar ƙwanƙwasa don motsawa zuwa fadi da sauƙi dangane da crankshaft. Matsalar ta taso lokacin da suka gaji - an ciro su gaba daya. Baya ga shimfiɗa maɓuɓɓugan ruwa, sawar tashi kuma yana nufin fitar da ramukan da ke kan makullin. Don haka, ƙwanƙwasa ba wai kawai ba ya lalata motsin motsi (oscillations), amma, akasin haka, ya haifar da su. Tasha a matsananciyar iyaka na jujjuyawar gardama ta fara bayyana, galibi kamar kumbura lokacin da ake canza kaya, farawa, kawai a duk yanayin lokacin da clutch ɗin ke aiki ko ya rabu, ko lokacin canza saurin gudu. Wear kuma zai bayyana azaman farawa mai banƙyama, firgita mai yawa da hayaniya a kusa da 2000 rpm, ko firgita da yawa a zaman banza. Gabaɗaya, ƙayyadaddun ɗumbin ɗumbin ɗumbin yawa suna fuskantar damuwa sosai a cikin ƙarancin injunan silinda (misali silinda uku/hudu) inda rashin daidaituwa ya fi na injunan silinda shida.

Bisa ga tsari, ƙwarƙiri mai ɗimbin yawa yana kunshe da babur babba, babur na sakandare, damper na ciki da damper na waje.

Ta Yaya Za a Shafa / Ƙara Rayuwar Mutuwar Duhu Mai Duhu?

Rayuwar Flywheel tana shafar ƙirar sa har ma da kaddarorin injin da aka shigar da shi. Irin wannan ƙuƙwalwar tashi daga masana'anta iri ɗaya tana tafiyar kilomita 300 akan wasu injina, kuma akan wasu zai ɗauki rabin rabo kawai. Manufar asali ita ce ta samar da matukan jirgi mai hawa biyu wanda zai rayu har zuwa wannan shekarun (km) a matsayin duka motar. Abin takaici, a zahirin gaskiya, sau da yawa ana buƙatar maye gurbin babur ɗin sau da yawa, sau da yawa kafin diski na kama. Bugu da ƙari da ƙirar injin ɗin da kanta mai hawa biyu-biyu, madugu yana da babban tasiri a rayuwar sabis. Duk yanayin da ke haifar da watsa buguwa ta wata hanya ko wata yana rage rayuwar sabis.

Don tsawaita rayuwar Dual Mass Flywheel, ba a ba da shawarar a kai a kai a tuƙi na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa (musamman a ƙasa da 1500 rpm), kashe kama da ƙarfi (zai fi dacewa ba tare da canzawa lokacin canza kayan aiki ba), kuma kar a rage injin ɗin (watau birki). injin). kawai a madaidaicin gudun). Sau da yawa yakan faru cewa a cikin gudun 80 km / h ba ku kunna kayan aiki na biyu ba, amma na uku ko na hudu kuma a hankali matsawa zuwa ƙananan kaya). Wasu masana'antun sun ba da shawarar (a cikin wannan yanayin VW) cewa idan motar tana ajiyewa da mota a tsaye a kan banki mai laushi, dole ne a fara amfani da birki na hannu sannan kuma dole ne a shigar da kayan aiki (reverse ko XNUMXth gear). In ba haka ba, abin hawa zai yi motsi kadan kuma ƙugiya mai dual-mass zai shiga cikin abin da ake kira haɗin kai na dindindin, yana haifar da tashin hankali (miƙewar maɓuɓɓugan ruwa). Sabili da haka, ana ba da shawarar kada a yi amfani da saurin tudu, kuma idan haka ne, kawai bayan birki mota tare da birki na hannu, don kada ya haifar da motsi kadan da kuma nauyin dogon lokaci na gaba - rufe tsarin watsawa, watau dual-mass flywheel. . Ƙara yawan zafin jiki na clutch diski shima yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da raguwa a cikin rayuwar juzu'in tashi mai dual-mass. Clutch din ya yi zafi sosai, musamman a lokacin da ake jan tirela mai nauyi ko wata abin hawa, da tuki daga kan hanya, da dai sauransu. Clutch din zai bude kansa ko da injin ya karye. Ya kamata a lura cewa zafi mai walƙiya daga faifan clutch yana haifar da zazzaɓi na nau'ikan ɓangarorin tashi sama (musamman idan yatsan yatsa ne), wanda hakan yana da illa ga rayuwar sabis.

Gyarawa - maye gurbin na'urar tashi sama mai dual-mass da maye gurbin da na'urar tashi ta al'ada

Babu wani abu kamar gyaran ƙafar tashi da aka sawa fiye da kima. Gyara ya haɗa da maye gurbin ƙugiya tare da taron kama (lamellae, spring compression, bearings). Dukan gyare-gyaren yana da wahala sosai (kimanin sa'o'i 8-10), lokacin da ya zama dole don lalata akwatin gear, kuma wani lokacin ma injin. Tabbas, kada mu manta game da kudi, inda ake sayar da mafi arha flywheels akan kusan Yuro 400, mafi tsada - fiye da Yuro 2000. Me yasa canza diski mai kama da har yanzu yana cikin kyakkyawan yanayi? Amma saboda kawai lokacin yin hidimar clutch diski, lokaci kaɗan ne kawai kafin ya tafi, kuma wannan tsari mai ɗaukar lokaci, wanda ya ninka sau da yawa tsada fiye da diski, dole ne a maimaita shi. Lokacin da za a maye gurbin keken jirgi, yana da kyau a ga ko akwai sigar daɗaɗaɗɗen sigar da za ta iya ɗaukar ƙarin mil - goyon baya da amincewa daga masana'antun abin hawa, ba shakka.

Sau da yawa zaku iya samun bayani game da maye gurbin babur mai hawa biyu tare da na gargajiya, wanda ake amfani da lamellas tare da damper torsion. Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata a cikin labaran da suka gabata, madaidaicin motsi mai hawa biyu, ban da ayyukan da ya dace, yana kuma aiwatar da aikin damper vibration damper, wanda ke cutar da yanayin sassan motsi na injin (crankshaft) ko akwatin gear. Har zuwa wani matakin, za a iya kawar da dusar ƙanƙara ta hanyar farantin da kansa, amma ba zai iya samar da irin wannan aikin ba kamar yadda mafi ƙarfi da rikitarwa mai hawa biyu. Bugu da ƙari, idan yana da sauƙi, da tuni masana'antun kera motoci da masu kuɗaɗen kuɗaɗe, waɗanda ke aiki koyaushe don rage farashi. Sabili da haka, gabaɗaya ba a ba da shawarar a maye gurbin juzu'i mai ɗimbin yawa tare da juzu'i guda ɗaya.

Kada ku rage kimar maye gurbin ƙaho mai tashi

Ba a ba da shawarar sosai ba da a jinkirta maye gurbin abin hawan da ya wuce kima. Baya ga abubuwan da aka bayyana a sama, akwai haɗarin sassautawa (rarrabuwa) na kowane ɓangaren juzu'i. Baya ga lalata keken tashi da kanta, injin ko watsawa na iya lalacewa sosai. Yawan wuce haddi na tashi sama yana shafar aikin daidai na firikwensin saurin injin. Yayin da abubuwan bazara a hankali ke ƙarewa, sassan juzu'i biyu suna jujjuyawa da yawa har sai sun faɗi a waje da haƙurin da aka saita a cikin rukunin sarrafawa. Wani lokaci wannan yana haifar da saƙon kuskure, kuma wani lokacin, akasin haka, sashin sarrafawa yana ƙoƙarin daidaitawa da sarrafa injin bisa ga bayanan da ba daidai ba. Wannan yana haifar da ƙarancin aiki kuma, a cikin mafi munin yanayi, matsalolin farawa. Wannan matsalar ta zama ruwan dare musamman ga tsoffin injuna inda firikwensin crankshaft ke gano motsi a gefen fitarwa na motsi mai hawa biyu. Masu kera sun kawar da wannan matsalar ta hanyar canza haɓakar firikwensin, don haka a cikin sabbin injuna yana gano saurin murƙushewa a mashigar jirgi.