Toyota F, 2F, 3F, 3F-E
Abubuwa
An kera injin Toyota F-series na farko a cikin Disamba 1948. Serial samar ya fara a watan Nuwamba 1949. An samar da sashin wutar lantarki tsawon shekaru arba'in da uku, kuma yana daya daga cikin jagorori wajen samar da tsawon lokaci tsakanin na'urorin wutar lantarki.
Tarihin halittar Toyota F ICE
An kera injin a watan Disambar 1948. An gyara shi ne na injin nau'in B na baya. An fara shigar da wutar lantarki a kan wata motar Toyota BM a shekarar 1949. Da wannan sigar injin, motar ana kiranta Toyota FM. Tun da farko an kai motocin zuwa Brazil. Daga nan ne aka fara sanya motar a kan wasu motocin kasuwanci masu haske, injinan kashe gobara, motocin daukar marasa lafiya, motocin sintiri na ‘yan sanda.
A ranar 1 ga Agusta, 1950, Kamfanin Toyota ya kaddamar da Toyota Jeep BJ SUV, wanda ya kasance farkon shahararren Toyota Land Cruiser.
Motar ta samu sunan Land Cruiser ne a shekarar 1955, kuma da wannan sunan ta fara fitar da ita zuwa wasu kasashe. Motocin da aka fara fitar da su na farko suna dauke da injunan F-series, wanda ya sanya su shahara.
An gabatar da sigar injin ta biyu mai suna 2F a shekarar 1975. Zamantakewar tashar wutar lantarki ta uku an yi ta ne a shekarar 1985 kuma ana kiranta da 3F. A shekarar 1988, an fara isar da motocin Land Cruisers da irin wannan injin a Amurka. Daga baya, nau'in 3F-E tare da injector ya bayyana. Motocin F-jerin sun wanzu akan layin taro har zuwa 1992. Sannan an daina samar da su gaba daya.
Abubuwan ƙira na injunan F
An kera motar Toyota Jeep BJ bisa tsarin motocin sojoji da ke kan hanya. An ƙera wannan motar don shawo kan kan hanya kuma ba ta dace sosai don tuƙi akan kwalta ba. Injin F ya kuma dace, a haƙiƙanin ƙaƙƙarfan ingin ne, mai ƙanƙan da kai, da ƙaƙƙarfan ingin motsi da tuƙi a cikin mawuyacin yanayi, da kuma wuraren da babu hanyoyi kamar haka.
Tushen Silinda da kan Silinda an yi su ne da baƙin ƙarfe. An shirya silinda shida a jere. Tsarin wutar lantarki shine carburetor. Tsarin ƙonewa na inji ne, tare da mai rarrabawa.
Ana amfani da tsarin OHV lokacin da bawuloli suna cikin kan silinda, kuma camshaft yana a ƙasan toshe, a layi daya da crankshaft. Ana buɗe bawul ɗin tare da turawa. Camshaft drive - kaya. Irin wannan makirci yana da aminci sosai, amma ya ƙunshi sassa masu yawa waɗanda ke da babban lokacin rashin aiki. Saboda haka, ƙananan injuna ba sa son babban gudu.
Idan aka kwatanta da wanda ya gabace shi, an inganta tsarin lubrication, an shigar da pistons masu nauyi. Yawan aiki shine lita 3,9. Matsakaicin matsi na injin shine 6,8: 1. Wutar lantarki ta bambanta daga 105 zuwa 125 hp, kuma ya dogara da kasar da aka fitar da motar zuwa. Matsakaicin karfin juyi ya kasance daga 261 zuwa 289 N.m. da 2000 rpm
A tsari, shingen silinda yana maimaita injin da Amurka kera lasisin GMC L6 OHV 235, wanda aka ɗauka azaman tushe. An aro kan silinda da ɗakunan konewa daga injin Chevrolet L6 OHV, amma sun dace da ƙaura mafi girma. Babban abubuwan da ke cikin injunan Toyota F ba su canzawa da takwarorinsu na Amurka. An yi lissafin cewa masu motocin za su gamsu da amincin da rashin fa'ida na injunan da aka yi a kan kwatankwacin kwatancen Amurka da aka gwada lokaci-lokaci waɗanda suka tabbatar da kansu daga mafi kyawun gefe.
A shekarar 1985, an sake sakin na biyu na injin 2F. An ƙara ƙarar aikin zuwa lita 4,2. Canje-canjen sun shafi rukunin piston, an cire zoben goge mai guda ɗaya. An sabunta tsarin lubrication, an shigar da tace mai a gaban injin. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki ya ƙaru zuwa 140 hp. da 3600 rpm.
An gabatar da 3F a cikin 1985. Da farko an sanya injinan a kan motocin Land Cruiser na hannun dama don kasuwar cikin gida, sannan aka fara fitar da motoci masu irin wadannan injunan zuwa kasashe da dama. An gyara:
- toshe silinda;
- shugaban silinda;
- sashin sha;
- tsarin shaye-shaye.
An matsar da camshaft zuwa kan silinda, injin ya zama saman. An yi tuƙi ta hanyar sarka. Daga baya, akan nau'in 3F-E, maimakon carburetor, an fara amfani da allurar mai da aka rarraba ta lantarki, wanda ya ba da damar ƙara ƙarfin wuta da rage fitar da hayaki. The aiki girma na engine rage daga 4,2 zuwa 4 lita, saboda taqaitaccen fistan bugun jini. Ƙarfin injin ya ƙaru da 15 kW (20 hp) kuma ƙarfin wutar lantarki ya karu da 14 N.m. Sakamakon waɗannan canje-canjen, matsakaicin rpm ya fi girma, yana sa injin ya fi dacewa da tafiye-tafiyen hanya.
Технические характеристики
Teburin yana nuna wasu ƙayyadaddun fasaha na injunan F-jerin:
| Injin | F | 2F | 3F-E |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tsarin wutar lantarki | Carburetor | Carburetor | Rarraba allura |
| Yawan silinda | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| Yawan bawul a kowane silinda | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Matsakaicin matsawa | 6,8:1 | 7,8:1 | 8,1:1 |
| Ƙarar aiki, cm3 | 3878 | 4230 | 3955 |
| Power, hp / rpm | 95-125 / 3600 | 135/3600 | 155/4200 |
| karfin juyi, N.m/rpm | 261-279 / 2000 | 289/2000 | 303/2200 |
| Fuel | A 92 | A 92 | A 92 |
| hanya | 500 + | 500 + | 500 + |
Torque da wutar lantarki sun bambanta dangane da ƙasar da aka fitar da motocin.
Fa'idodi da rashin amfani da Motoci F
Injunan F-jerin sun aza harsashi ga martabar Toyota a kan injunan wutan lantarki, abin dogaro. Injin F yana iya ɗaukar ton na kaya da yawa, ya ja tirela mai nauyi, mai kyau don kashe hanya. Babban juzu'i a ƙananan revs, ƙananan matsawa ya sa ya zama motar da ba ta da tushe, mai cike da ƙima. Kodayake umarnin yana ba da shawarar amfani da man A-92, injin konewa na ciki yana iya narkar da kowane mai. Amfanin Motoci:
- sauki na zane;
- dogara da babban kiyayewa;
- rashin jin daɗin damuwa;
- dogon albarkatu.
Motoci sun kwantar da hankalinsu na tsawon rabin kilomita miliyan kafin a sake gyara su, koda kuwa ana sarrafa su a cikin mawuyacin hali. Yana da mahimmanci a lura da lokutan sabis kuma cika injin tare da mai mai inganci.
Babban koma baya na waɗannan injuna shine yawan amfani da mai. 25 - 30 lita na fetur a kowace kilomita 100 na waɗannan injuna ba iyaka ba ne. Injuna, saboda ƙananan gudu, ba su dace da motsi ba a cikin babban gudu. Wannan ya shafi ƙarami zuwa injin 3F-E, wanda ke da ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi mafi girma da juyi juyi.
Zaɓuɓɓukan kunnawa, injunan kwangila.
Akwai shakkun cewa zai faru ga kowa ya mayar da injin mota zuwa injin wasanni masu sauri. Amma zaka iya ƙara ƙarfin ta hanyar amfani da turbocharger. Ƙananan matsawa, kayan aiki masu dorewa suna ba ku damar shigar da turbocharger ba tare da tsoma baki tare da ƙungiyar piston ba. Amma a ƙarshe, a kowane hali, za a buƙaci sauye-sauye masu mahimmanci.
Ba a samar da injunan F-jerin kusan shekaru 30 ba, don haka yana da wahala a sami injin kwangila a cikin yanayi mai kyau. Amma akwai tayin, farashin yana farawa daga 60 dubu rubles.
