Injin GM LS: duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani

Duniya LS!

Maye gurbin almara kowane iri abu ne mai wahala. Amma idan ya zo ga Chevrolet's sanannen ƙaramin-block V8 engine (wanda ya gudana daga 1954 zuwa 2003 a cikin Gen 1 da Gen 2 siffofin, yana ba da iko da komai daga Corvettes zuwa manyan motocin daukar kaya), duk wani dangin injin da ke ƙoƙarin maye gurbinsa yana da manyan takalma. . .

Tabbas, tsammanin inganci da fitar da hayaki ba su cikin tambaya, kuma a ƙarshe, Chevrolet ya buƙaci maye gurbin asalin ƙaramin shinge na asali wanda ya warware waɗannan matsalolin. Sakamakon shine dangin injin LS.

Samar da ƙaramin toshe da kewayon LS a zahiri ya mamaye shekaru da yawa (mafi yawa a cikin Amurka), kuma bambancin LS na farko ya bayyana a cikin 1997.

Wannan alamar, wanda kuma aka sani da injin Gen 3, an yi shi ne don bambanta sabon V8 daga ƙirar farko na Gen 1 da Gen 2 ƙananan tubalan.

Iyalin injin ɗin LS V8 na zamani yana samuwa a cikin duka aluminium da simintin simintin ƙarfe na ƙarfe, ƙaura daban-daban, kuma a cikin ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun dabi'a da manyan caja.

Kamar ainihin ingin ƙaramin shinge na Chevy V8, injin LS ana amfani da shi a cikin miliyoyin motoci daga nau'ikan GM daban-daban, gami da motoci da motocin kasuwanci masu haske.

A Ostiraliya, an iyakance mu (a ma'anar masana'anta) zuwa sigar alloy na LS a cikin samfuran samfuran Holden, motocin HSV, da sabon Chevrolet Camaro.

Na ɗan gajeren lokaci, HSV ya canza Camaros zuwa tuƙi na hannun dama.

Tare da hanyar, Ostiraliya Holdens sun dace da farkon 1-lita LS5.7, wanda ya fara da 2 VT Series 1999, wanda ke alfahari da 220kW da 446Nm na juzu'i a wani ingantacciyar 4400rpm.

VX Commodore a cikin nau'in V8 shima yayi amfani da LS1, tare da ƙaramin ƙarfin ƙara zuwa 225kW da 460Nm. Holden ya ci gaba da yin amfani da injin guda ɗaya don ƙirar SS da V8 kamar yadda Commodore ya canza akan nau'ikan VY da VZ, tare da matsakaicin fitarwa na 250kW da 470Nm.

2004 Holden VZ Commodore SS.

Na baya-bayan nan na VZ Commodores shi ma ya bayyana nau'in L76 na injin LS, wanda ke da jimillar matsuguni na lita 6.0 kuma ya ba da ɗan ƙara ƙarfin ƙarfi zuwa 260 kW amma ƙari mafi girma a karfin juyi zuwa 510 Nm.

Kusa da abin da kuma aka sani da injin LS2, L76 shine dokin aiki na gaskiya na ra'ayin LS. Sabuwar VE Commodore (da Calais) V8 ta kasance tare da L76, amma jerin 2 VE da jerin farko na Commodore na Australiya na ƙarshe, VF, sun canza zuwa L77, wanda shine ainihin L76 tare da ikon sassauƙa. .

Sabbin samfuran VF Series 2 V8 sun canza zuwa injin LS6.2 mai lita 3 (samfurin HSV a baya kawai) tare da 304kW da 570Nm na juzu'i. Tare da shaye-shaye-module biyu da kulawa mai kyau ga daki-daki, waɗannan Commodores masu ƙarfi na LS3 sun zama abubuwan masu tarawa.

Na karshe na Commodore SS yana da injin 6.2 lita LS3 V8.

A halin yanzu a cikin Motocin Musamman na Holden, injin dangin LS shima yana ƙarfafa samfuran tushen Commodore tun 1999, tare da canzawa zuwa L6.0-lita 76 don motocin tushen VZ a cikin 2004 sannan zuwa 6.2-lita LS3 don motocin tushen VZ. . E-jerin motoci tun 2008.

HSV ta kasance tana jujjuya tsokoki don ƙaƙƙarfan motocinta na Gen-F tare da sigar 2 mai ƙarfi da injin LSA mai caja mai girman lita 6.2 mai aƙalla 400kW da 671Nm.

GTSR W1 zai zama mafi kyawun HSV har abada.

Amma ba shine HSV na ƙarshe ba, kuma ƙayyadaddun ginin GTSR W1 ya yi amfani da sigar injin LS9 na hannu tare da ƙaurawar lita 6.2, babban caja na lita 2.3, sandunan haɗin titanium da tsarin lubrication mai bushe. Sakamakon ƙarshe shine 474 kW na iko da 815 Nm na karfin juyi.

Injunan LS da aka ƙaddara don sabis na Ostiraliya sun haɗa da ingin 5.7kW Callaway (Amurka) 300L da aka gyara don nau'in HSV na musamman na VX, da kuma motar tseren HRT 427 da aka haifa wacce ta yi amfani da 7.0L LS7. injin a cikin tsari na dabi'a, wanda samfurori biyu ne kawai aka gina kafin aikin ya rushe saboda dalilai na kasafin kuɗi.

Bayani na HRT427

Yawancin sauran abubuwan haɓaka na LS sun wanzu, kamar LS6, wanda aka keɓance don Corvettes na Amurka da Cadillacs, da nau'ikan manyan motocin dakon ƙarfe na LS, amma ba su taɓa zuwa waccan kasuwa ba.

Don sanin ainihin abin da kuke hulɗa da shi (kuma wannan na iya zama da wahala tunda yawancin zaɓuɓɓukan injin LS an shigo da su cikin sirri anan), bincika lambar injin LS akan layi wanda zai gaya muku bambancin LS da kuke nema.

Menene kyau game da LS?

LS ya zo cikin girma dabam dabam.

Injin LS ya ja hankalin mutane masu yawa tsawon shekaru, galibi saboda mafita ce mai sauƙi ga ikon V8.

Abin dogaro ne, mai ɗorewa, kuma ana iya daidaita shi da ban mamaki, kuma yana ba da iko mai kyau da ƙarfi kai tsaye daga cikin akwatin.

Babban ɓangaren roko shine cewa dangin LS suna da ƙarfi. Yin amfani da ƙirar Y-block, masu zanen sun dace da LS tare da manyan bearings guda shida (hudu suna haɗe hular ɗaukar hoto a tsaye da biyu a kwance a gefen shingen), yayin da yawancin V8s suna da hudu ko ma biyu-biyu.

Wannan ya ba injin ɗin, ko da a cikin akwati na aluminum, tsattsauran ra'ayi mai ban mamaki kuma ya zama kyakkyawan tushe don fitar da ƙarfin doki. Hoton injin da ke nuna tsarin gine-ginen nan ba da jimawa ba zai nuna dalilin da yasa ƙarshen ƙarshen LS ya kasance abin dogaro sosai.

LS kuma yana da ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi kuma mara nauyi. Sigar alloy mai haske na injin LS yayi nauyi ƙasa da wasu injunan silinda huɗu (kasa da kilogiram 180) kuma ana iya saita shi don aikace-aikace iri-iri.

Hakanan ƙira ce ta injin numfashi kyauta tare da kawunan silinda wanda zai goyi bayan ƙarfi fiye da hannun jari.

LSs na farko suna da abin da ake kira tashar jiragen ruwa "cathedral" don dogayen tashar jiragen ruwa waɗanda ke ba da izinin yin numfashi mai zurfi. Hatta babban girman camshaft ɗin yana jin kamar an yi shi don masu gyara, kuma LS na iya ɗaukar babban camshaft kafin ya fara jaddada sauran gine-ginen.

LS yayi nauyi ƙasa da wasu injin silinda huɗu.

Hakanan LS ɗin yana da sauƙin samu kuma yana da arha don siye. A wani lokaci, wuraren ajiyar kaya suna cike da rushewar Commodore SSs, kuma ko da yake abubuwa sun canza kadan kwanan nan, gano LS1 mai kyau da aka yi amfani da shi ya fi sauƙi fiye da bin injin 5.0-lita Holden.

LS kuma yana da tasiri mai tsada. Hakanan, wannan ya ɗan canza kaɗan tun Covid, amma LS da aka yi amfani da shi ba zai karya banki ba idan aka kwatanta da madadin.

Baya ga ƙwanƙwasa auto, ƙididdiga kuma wuri ne mai kyau don nemo injin LS don siyarwa. Mafi sau da yawa, farkon injin LS1 zai kasance ana siyarwa, amma daga baya akwai ƙarin juzu'i masu ban mamaki.

Wani zabin shine sabon injin akwati, kuma godiya ga babbar bukatar duniya, farashin yana da ma'ana. Haka ne, injin LSA har yanzu zai ba ku nishaɗi mai yawa, amma wannan shine iyaka, kuma akwai babban kewayon zaɓuɓɓuka da ƙayyadaddun injin a hanya.

Don gina kasafin kuɗi, mafi kyawun injin LS shine wanda zaku iya samu akan ƙaramin kuɗi, kuma yawancin masu gyara suna cikin abun ciki don barin injunan da aka yi amfani da su kamar yadda suke, dangane da tsayin daka da amincin rukunin.

Kulawa yana da sauƙi, kuma yayin da ake buƙatar canza walƙiya a kowane mil 80,000, LS yana da sarkar lokacin rayuwa (maimakon bel na roba).

Wasu masu mallakin sun ware LSs masu nisan kilomita 400,000 ko ma 500,000 a kan ma'aunin mai kuma sun sami injuna waɗanda har yanzu suna aiki tare da ƙarancin lalacewa na ciki. 

Matsalolin

Farkon LS1s a cikin wasu Holden sun tabbatar da cewa masu ƙone mai ne.

Idan injin LS yana da diddigen Achilles, zai zama valvetrain, wanda aka sani don soya masu hawan ruwa da toshe magudanan ruwa. Duk wani haɓakawa na camshaft yana buƙatar kulawa a wannan yanki, kuma ko da sigar baya har yanzu tana fama da gazawar lifta.

Da farko LS1s a cikin wasu Holden sun tabbatar da cewa masu ƙone mai ne, amma ana danganta wannan ga rashin taro a masana'antar Mexico inda aka gina su.

Kamar yadda ingancin ya inganta, haka ma samfurin ƙarshe ya yi. Babba, lebur, crankcase mai zurfi kuma yana nufin motar dole ne ta kasance a kan madaidaicin matakin yayin duba matakin mai, saboda ƙaramin kusurwa na iya jefar da karatun kuma yana iya zama sanadin tashin hankali na farko.

Yawancin masu suma sun yi kama da nau'in mai don rage yawan mai, kuma ingantaccen man injin dole ne ga LS.

Yawancin masu ba da rahoton wasu bugun piston har ma da sababbin injuna, kuma yayin da yake ban haushi, da alama ba ya yin tasiri na dogon lokaci akan injin ko tsawon rayuwarsa.

A mafi yawan lokuta, bugun piston yana ɓacewa ta canjin gear na biyu yayin rana kuma baya sake faruwa har sai sanyi na gaba.

A wasu injuna, bugun piston alama ce ta halaka. A cikin LS, kamar yadda yake tare da sauran injunan gami da haske, yana kama da wani bangare ne na yarjejeniyar.

Canja

Kawai 7.4-lita twin-turbocharged V8 a cikin Honda Civic… (Kiredit Image: LS duniya)

Saboda abin dogaro ne, dandamalin da za a iya daidaita shi, injin LS ya shahara tare da masu kunna sauti a duk duniya tun rana ɗaya.

Koyaya, gyare-gyaren farko da akasarin masu mallakar Australiya na LS1 V8s na farko shine cire murfin injin ɗin filastik da amfani da maƙallan murfin hannun jari don shigar da murfin bayan kasuwa guda biyu mai kyau.

Bayan haka, hankali yawanci yakan canza zuwa camshaft mai tsauri, wasu aikin kan silinda, shan iska mai sanyi, da sake kunna kwamfutar masana'anta.

LS kuma yana amsawa da kyau ga tsarin shaye-shaye mai inganci, kuma wasu masu mallakar sun sami gagarumar nasara ta hanyar shigar da tsarin shaye-shaye kyauta. Wani lokaci ma tsarin mayar da martani yana fitar da ɗan ƙaramin yuwuwar.

Bugu da kari, kusan duk abin da za a iya yi da injin an yi shi da LS V8. Wasu masu gyare-gyare sun ma cire daidaitaccen allurar mai na lantarki kuma sun daidaita LSs ɗin su tare da babban tsayi mai tsayi da babban carburetor don salo na baya.

Mutane za su jefa LS a kowane abu. (Hoton hoto: LS duniya)

A zahiri, da zarar kun wuce ainihin kayan dawo da LS, gyare-gyaren ba su da iyaka. Mun ga yawancin tagwaye- da turbo guda LS V8s (kuma injin yana son babban caji, kamar yadda mafi girman sigar LSA ta tabbatar).

Wani yanayin duniya shine dacewa da LSs zuwa komai daga motocin tsere zuwa motocin titi na kowane nau'i da girma.

Kuna iya siyan saitin injin hawa don daidaita LS zuwa ɗimbin ƙirar ƙira da ƙira, kuma nauyi mai nauyi na LS yana nufin ko da ƙananan motoci na iya ɗaukar wannan magani.

A Ostiraliya, kamfanoni irin su Tuff Mounts suma suna da na'urorin haɓakawa don gyare-gyaren LS da yawa.

Shahararriyar injin ɗin yana nufin a zahiri babu ɓangaren guda ɗaya da ba za ku iya saya don LS V8 ba, kuma babu aikace-aikacen da ba a yi amfani da shi ba tukuna. Wannan yana nufin cewa bayan kasuwa yana da girma kuma tushen ilimin yana da yawa.

Iyalin LS suna iya tura bawul biyu, amma dangane da tasirin da ya yi a duniya, babu da yawa (idan akwai) wasu injunan V8 da za su dace da shi.