Iyakar barasa da aka halatta a cikin ppm: bayanai na zamani

Tun zamanin d ¯ a, an san cewa shan barasa yana tasiri sosai ga yawan amsawa da yanayin tunanin mutum. Don haka, Dokokin Hanya sun haramta tuƙi a ƙarƙashin rinjayar barasa, tare da kafa takunkumi mai tsanani don wannan cin zarafi. Saboda haka, yana da matukar muhimmanci a fahimci ka'idoji da ka'idoji don jarrabawa, ta yadda ta hanyar kuskuren kuskure ba za ku rasa 'yancin ku ba.

Menene ppm

Lokacin ƙayyade ƙananan ƙididdiga ko sassa na wasu abubuwa da abubuwa, yana da wuya a yi amfani da lamba. Don sauƙaƙe ƙididdiga, mutane sun fara amfani da sassan farko na lamba, misali, 1/8, sannan kuma alamar% ta musamman, wacce ke nuna 1/100. A ƙarshe, don shari'o'in da ke buƙatar madaidaici mafi girma da tunani na ƙaramin bayanai, an ƙirƙira ppm. Alamar kashi ce, mai manne da wani sifili a ƙasa (‰).

Permille yana nufin kashi dubu ko kashi goma cikin ɗari

Kalmar "kowace niƙa" tana nufin 1/1000 na lamba kuma ya fito daga kalmar Latin a kowace niƙa, ma'ana "kowace dubu". An fi sanin kalmar da auna yawan barasa a cikin jinin mutum. Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura da cewa kamar yadda na yanzu dokokin, barasa abun ciki a cikin exhaled iska ana auna a wasu raka'a: milligrams da lita. Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da ppm don nuna salinity na tekuna da tekuna, gangaren layin dogo, da sauran al'amuran da yawa waɗanda ke wakiltar ƙananan dabi'u.

Alamar layin dogo ta Czech tana nuna cewa sashin waƙa mai tsayin mita 363 yana da gangara na 2,5 ppm.

A ƙarshe, don fayyace sauƙaƙan abubuwan lissafin lissafi na kalmar da ake tattaunawa, zan ba da ƴan misalai:

• 15‰=0,015%=0,00015;
• 451‰=45,1%=0,451.

Don haka, ppm yana taimakawa wajen ba da ƙididdiga tare da ƙananan ɓangarorin nau'i mai dacewa ga fahimtar ɗan adam.

Adadin da aka halatta barasa a cikin jini ga masu ababen hawa a Rasha don 2018

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, a cikin jiharmu, tuntuɓi mai ba da izini ga adadin barasa a cikin jinin direban mota ya canza. Har zuwa 2010, doka ta ba da izinin abun ciki na barasa mai tsabta a cikin jini har zuwa 0,35 ppm kuma a cikin iska mai iska - har zuwa 0.16 milligrams / lita. Sa'an nan kuma wannan lokacin ya maye gurbinsa da matsananciyar tsaurara manufofin jihar na tsawon shekaru uku. Daga 2010 zuwa 2013, an hukunta duk wani abun ciki na ethyl a cikin jiki wanda ya wuce 0. Ko da na ɗari na ppm (daidaita don kuskuren kayan aiki), yana da doka sosai don karɓar hukuncin gudanarwa.

Ya zuwa yau, bisa ga bayanin kula zuwa Mataki na ashirin da 12.8 na Code of Administrative Laifukan, adadin barasa a cikin cakuda iskar gas exhale da mutum bai kamata ya wuce 0,16 milligrams kowace lita. Duk wani alamun numfashi da ke ƙasa da abin da aka bayar ba a gane shi azaman tabbatar da yanayin maye ba. A ranar 3 ga Afrilu, 2018, shugaban kasar Rasha ya sanya hannu kan wata doka game da gyare-gyare ga Mataki na 12.8 - al'ada don abun ciki na barasa mai tsabta a cikin jini yanzu an yarda a matakin 0,3 ppm. Wannan doka ta fara aiki ne a ranar 3 ga Yuli.

Lokacin auna abun ciki na barasa a cikin iskar da aka fitar, iyakar doka shine 0,16 mg/l

Tunanin gabatar da abin da ake kira zero ppm, a ganina, a fili bai yi nasara ba saboda dalilai da yawa lokaci guda. Na farko, kuskuren na'urar da ke auna yawan barasa na ethyl a cikin iska ba a la'akari da shi ba. Ko da mafi ƙarancin allurai an yi la'akari da cin zarafi ɗaya da kasancewa cikin matsanancin maye. Abu na biyu, ya zama mai yiwuwa a iya ɗaukar alhakin yin amfani da samfuran da ba barasa ba, alal misali, ayaba mai girma, gurasar launin ruwan kasa ko ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Kuma a gaba ɗaya, irin wannan tsanani bai yi ma'ana ba, tun da ƙarancin barasa a cikin iska ba zai iya rinjayar ra'ayoyin mai motar ba, don haifar da haɗari. A karshe dai an bude hanyar ne saboda sabani da zamba daga bangaren jami’an ‘yan sanda masu binciken ababan hawa.

Nawa za ku iya sha a cikin iyakar doka

Soke matakin "zero ppm" ya sami farin ciki daga yawancin masu ababen hawa. Da yawa daga cikinsu sun dauki wannan matakin na majalisar a matsayin izinin tukin motoci a cikin yanayin maye gurbi. A gaskiya, wannan ba gaskiya ba ne ko kadan. Wannan shawarar da hukumomin suka yanke, an yanke su ne ba don karfafa tukin barasa ba, amma don gujewa kurakurai saboda kurakuran fasaha wajen auna kayan aiki da cin hanci da rashawa na jami’an gwamnati.

Yana da wuya a amsa tambayar nawa za ku iya sha kafin tuƙi. Gaskiyar ita ce, yawan barasa a cikin iskar da aka fitar, wanda aka auna ta hanyar numfashi na jami'an 'yan sanda, ya dogara da abubuwa da yawa. Baya ga abubuwan bayyane kamar adadin barasa da aka sha da kuma karfin abubuwan sha da aka sha, abubuwa kamar haka:

1. Nauyi Tare da adadin barasa da aka bugu a cikin mutumin da ke da nauyi mai yawa, ƙaddamar da barasa a cikin jini zai ragu.
2. Falo. A cikin mata, barasa yana shiga cikin jini da sauri da ƙarfi, kuma ana fitar da shi a hankali.
3. Shekaru da yanayin lafiya. A cikin matashi mai lafiya, ana fitar da barasa da sauri daga jiki kuma yana da ƙarancin tasiri.
4. Mutum halaye na kwayoyin halitta.

Ko da gilashin giya a cikin mashaya na iya haifar da mummunan sakamako, wanda sannan ba za a iya gyara shi ba.

Ƙarshe ɗaya kawai za a iya zana daga wannan: babu wata amsa ta duniya game da yawan barasa da mutum zai iya sha domin ya kasance cikin doka. Koyaya, akwai wasu matsakaitan alamomi da aka kafa ta zahiri. Misali, rabin sa'a bayan shan karamar kwalban giya maras-giya (0,33 ml), a yawancin mazajen da ke da matsakaicin gini, injin numfashi ba ya gano tururin barasa a cikin iskar da aka fitar. A lokaci guda kuma, ruwan inabi da abin sha bisa ga shi sun zama mafi banƙyama a aikace kuma "kada ku ɓace" na dogon lokaci ko da lokacin shan gilashin daya. Bayan shan barasa mai ƙarfi, ba a ba da shawarar yin tuƙi a kowane hali ba. Ko da harbin vodka ko cognac zai haifar da alamun da ba a yarda da su ba yayin gwajin.

Koyaya, bai kamata a ɗauki abin da ke sama azaman kira don shan barasa yayin tuƙi ba. Wannan, kamar sauran ƙa'idodi, ya dogara ne akan ƙwarewar miliyoyin mutane kuma an tsara shi don tabbatar da amincin duk masu ababen hawa, fasinjoji da masu tafiya a ƙasa. Ko da yanayin maye, wanda ba a iya gane shi ga direban da kansa, yana shafar ikonsa na yanke shawara a cikin matsi na lokaci, amsawa da tunani.

Bidiyo: game da adadin ppm bayan shan wasu abubuwan giya

Muna auna ppm! Vodka, giya, giya da kefir! gwajin rayuwa!

Bayan haka ana gano kwayoyi barasa a cikin jini

Babu shakka, kwayoyi da aka haramta wa direbobi sun hada da ethanol kanta a cikin tsabtaccen tsari, maganin barasa na jan karfe, tinctures na kantin magani daban-daban (motherwort, hawthorn da makamantansu), da kuma sanannen zuciya ya sauke tare da ƙari na ethanol (Valocordin, Valoserdin, Corvalol). Akwai wasu magungunan da ke da ethyl barasa a cikin abun da ke ciki:

• Saledez;
• Salesept;
• Pichtanol;
• Sintomycin;
• Ingalipt;
• Bitner;
• Aflubin;
• Aflubin;
• Gentos;
• Pansoral.

Baya ga wadanda aka jera, akwai wani nau'in magani wanda zai iya haifar da kima na numfashin iska ba tare da barasa ba a cikin abun da ke ciki. Daga cikin su: Novocain, Pertussin, Levomycetin, Mikrotsid, Etol.

Umarnin don amfani da magunguna da yawa sun ƙunshi nau'ikan hani akan tuƙi. Ana iya yin wannan buƙatu ta dalilai daban-daban. Suna iya haifar da barci, rashin daidaituwa, rage jinkirin halayen mutum, haifar da tashin zuciya, rage hawan jini, da sauran cututtuka masu haɗari.

Ƙarshe daga abin da aka faɗa yana da sauƙi: karanta umarnin magungunan da kuke sha. Idan sun nuna haramcin tuki mota ko abun ciki na barasa ethyl a cikin abun da ke ciki, ku guji tuki don guje wa matsaloli tare da doka.

Adadin ppm a cikin kvass, kefir da sauran samfuran

A cikin wadannan shekaru uku, daga 2010 zuwa 2013, lokacin da jihar ta haramta ko da mafi ƙarancin adadin barasa a cikin jini da kuma fitar da iska, yawancin tatsuniyoyi sun taso a cikin al'umma game da yadda wasu abinci da abin sha za su iya taimakawa wajen hana cin zarafi.

Dangane da ka'idojin jarrabawa don yanayin maye, yana yiwuwa a buƙaci gwaji na biyu a cikin minti 15-20, don haka ko da kvass bugu kai tsaye a kan tafiya ba zai haifar da mummunan sakamako ba.

Tabbas, samfuran da yawa sun ƙunshi ƙaramin adadin barasa na ethyl a cikin abun da ke ciki:

• 'ya'yan itatuwa masu girma (ayaba);
• gurasa baƙar fata;
• kvass;
• kefir da sauran samfuran madara mai ƙoshin abinci;
• sweets cushe da barasa;
• giya mara barasa.

Amfani da samfuran da aka jera a sama ba zai iya haifar da tara ko rashin cancanta ba. Dangane da sakamakon binciken da yawa da gwaje-gwajen da 'yan uwanmu suka shirya, waɗannan samfuran, idan sun tsokani haɓaka ppm, sun ɓace gaba ɗaya cikin mintuna 10-15. Don haka, kada ku ji tsoron cinye abin sha mai laushi, madara-madara da sauran abinci, saboda ba za su haifar da keta doka ba.

Bidiyo: ppm duba bayan kvass, kefir, corvalol

Babban hanya, labari game da ppm bayan kvass, kefir, corvalol

Yaya ake auna adadin barasa a cikin jini?

Don auna matakin barasa na ethyl a cikin jini ko iskar da aka fitar, dokar kasarmu ta tanadi wani tsari na musamman, wanda aka tsara don daidaita daidaito tsakanin kare wasu daga masu buguwa da kuma mutunta haƙƙin masu ababen hawa da aka kawo wa alhakin gudanarwa.

Janar ra'ayoyi

Da farko, ya kamata ku fahimci ainihin sharuɗɗan lokacin auna matakin barasa a cikin jinin direba.

Gwajin maye barasa shine auna matakin barasa da jami'in 'yan sanda masu binciken ababen hawa ke yi a wurin (ko dai a cikin mota ko a wurin da ke kusa) ta amfani da na'urar numfashi.

Binciken likita na barasa shine auna matakin barasa da kwararrun likitoci ke yi a cibiyar kiwon lafiya ta hanyar bincikar jinin mutum. A sauƙaƙe, gwajin likita.

Ba shi yiwuwa a ƙi gwajin likita idan jami'in 'yan sanda na da dalili na zargin cewa kuna cikin maye

Bambanci tsakanin waɗannan sharuɗɗan guda biyu suna da girma: idan na farko na waɗannan hanyoyin za a iya ƙi bisa doka, to ana ba da alhakin gudanarwa don ƙin gwajin likita a ƙarƙashin Art. 12.26 Lambar Gudanarwa na Tarayyar Rasha.

Hanyar tabbatarwa

Babban takardun da za ku iya koya game da tsarin jarrabawa shine Dokar Gwamnatin Rasha No. 475 da kuma wasu tanadi daga Code of Administrative Laifin na Rasha Federation.

Gwajin maye barasa

Sashe na 3 na dokar gwamnatin Tarayyar Rasha mai lamba 475 mai kwanan wata 26.06.2008/XNUMX/XNUMX ya yi cikakken bayanin dalilan da jami'in 'yan sandan kan hanya na iya buƙatar jarrabawa:

• warin barasa daga baki;
• rashin zaman lafiya;
• rikicewar magana;
• canji mai kaifi a cikin launi na fatar fuska;
• halin da bai dace da halin da ake ciki ba.

Idan ba za a iya ganin ɗaya daga cikin alamun da aka kwatanta a sama ba, to duk wani binciken haramun ne.

Tabbacin yana faruwa ta hanya mai zuwa:

1. Idan akalla daya daga cikin abubuwan da ake tuhuma ya lura da jami'in 'yan sanda, yana da hakkin ya cire shi daga tuki daidai da 27.12 na Code of Administrative Laifin na Tarayyar Rasha. A lokaci guda, don daidaitaccen tsarin dakatarwa, dole ne a zana yarjejeniya, kwafin wanda aka mika wa direba. Bugu da kari, doka ta wajabta yin rikodin cirewa daga motar akan bidiyo ko amfani da wannan matakin a gaban shaidu biyu (sashe na 2 na wannan labarin na Code).
2. Bayan haka, mai duba dole ne ya ba da damar yin jarrabawar kan layi, wanda kuna da hakkin ƙi.
3. Idan kun amince da jarrabawar jami'in 'yan sandan hanya, to ku tabbata cewa an tabbatar da cewa na'urar tana da takaddun shaida da suka dace. Hakanan kula da lambar serial akan na'urar numfashi, wanda dole ne ya dace da lambar a cikin takaddun, da amincin hatimi akan na'urar.
4. Idan mai numfashi ya nuna ƙimar karɓuwa, to ana iya ɗaukar dakatarwar daga tuƙi, kuma kuna da 'yanci.
5. Idan breathalyzer ya nuna wani abun ciki na barasa a cikin iskar da aka fitar sama da 0,16 mg / l, mai binciken zai zana takardar shaidar gwaji don yanayin maye. Idan baku yarda dashi ba, zaku iya zuwa a duba lafiyar ku.
6. Idan kun yarda da alamun numfashi na numfashi, an zana yarjejeniya kan laifin gudanarwa da tsarewar abin hawa, kwafin wanda kuma ana mika shi ga direba ba tare da kasala ba.

Babban cikakkun bayanai na Certificate: kwanan wata, lokaci, wurin binciken, na'urar da aka yi amfani da ita a cikin ma'auni, da kuma sakamakon su, wanda aka tabbatar da sa hannun duk mahalarta a cikin hanyar.

Binciken likita don maye gurbin barasa

Binciken likita shine hanya ta ƙarshe don tantance adadin barasa a cikin jiki. Ƙarin roko na hanyar yana yiwuwa ne kawai a cikin kotu.

Ana gudanar da gwajin likita a lokuta 3 (shafi na 10 na ƙuduri mai lamba 475):

• ƙin jarrabawar kan wurin;
• rashin jituwa da sakamakon jarrabawar da direban ya yi;
• rashin jituwa da sakamakon binciken daga bangaren mai duba.

A cikin aikina, dole ne in sadu da ma'aikatan hukuma marasa gaskiya waɗanda ke ba da sa hannu don ƙi yin gwajin lafiya, kuma ba na'urar numfashi ba ta duba ta nan take. Idan ka sanya hannu a cikin rashin kulawa irin wannan takarda, za a ɗauki alhakinka a ƙarƙashin Art. 12.26 Lambar Gudanarwa na Tarayyar Rasha.

Ana gudanar da gwajin lafiya kamar haka:

1. Sufeton ‘yan sandan da ke kula da zirga-zirgar ababen hawa ya zana ka’ida kan aikawa da gwajin lafiya bisa ga fom daga odar Ma’aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida mai lamba 676 ta 04.08.2008/XNUMX/XNUMX.
2. Dole ne a yi aikin a cikin wurin kula da lafiya mai lasisi ta likita mai horarwa da kyau. Idan babu wani likitan ilimin likitanci, ana iya aiwatar da wannan hanya ta hanyar likitoci na yau da kullun ko ma ma'aikatan jinya (batun bincike a yankunan karkara).
3. An tambayi direban ya ba da fitsari. Idan adadin fitsarin da ake buƙata bai wuce ta wurin direba ba, to ana ɗaukar jini daga jijiya. A wannan yanayin, ya kamata a bi da wurin allurar ba tare da barasa ba, wanda zai iya karkatar da sakamakon binciken.
4. Dangane da sakamakon binciken likita, an tsara wani aiki sau uku. An kafa fom ɗin ta hanyar odar Ma'aikatar Lafiya No. 933n.
5. Idan har ma tare da rashin barasa a cikin jinin da likitoci suka kafa, yanayin direba yana haifar da shakku, to, an aika da direba don nazarin sinadarai-toxicological.
6. Idan an tabbatar da cewa direban yana ƙarƙashin tasirin barasa ko ƙwayoyi, to, an tsara yarjejeniya kan laifin gudanarwa da kuma tsare motar. In ba haka ba, direba yana da 'yanci ya ci gaba da tuka abin hawansa.

Rahoton gwajin likita dole ne ya ƙunshi: bayanai game da mutumin da ake bincikar, dalilan gwajin, lokaci da wuri, sakamako da sa hannun likitan.

Na’urar numfashi da jami’an ‘yan sandan kan hanya ke amfani da su yayin jarrabawa

Ba kowace na'ura da za ta iya ɗaukar tururin barasa a cikin iskar da aka fitar da za a iya amfani da su ta hanyar binciken ƴan sandar hanya a cikin ayyukansu na sana'a. Jerin irin waɗannan hanyoyin fasaha waɗanda aka yarda don amfani da Roszdravnadzor, da kuma tabbatar da Rosstandant, yana ƙunshe a cikin rajista na musamman.

Wani abin da ake bukata shine aikin yin rikodin sakamakon binciken akan takarda. A matsayinka na mai mulki, wannan shigarwa yana kama da karɓar kuɗi wanda ya bayyana kai tsaye daga na'urar kanta.

Dukkanin ƙaƙƙarfan buƙatu don kayan aikin da aka jera a sama an tsara su don tabbatar da daidaiton binciken kuma, sakamakon haka, halaccin hanyar.

Jerin na'urorin numfashi da 'yan sandan zirga-zirga ke amfani da su ya yi yawa sosai. Ga kadan daga cikinsu:

• Alcotest 6510;
• Pro-100;
• "Jupiter";
• "Alcotest-203";
• Zaki-alcometer 500;
• Lion-alcometer SD-400.

Sau da yawa, a aikace, masu binciken ’yan sandan kan hanya suna rufe ido ga kuskuren na’urorin aunawa kuma suna ƙoƙarin kawo masu tukin ganganci ga alhakin gudanarwa. Ko da sabbin samfura, waɗanda aka yi daga mafi kyawun kayan aiki da fasaha mai girma, na iya nuna sakamako tare da ƙarancin kuskure. Don haka, idan masu nuni a lokacin ma'aunin farko sun wuce iyakar izini ta ƙimar kuskuren na'urar, to ku ji daɗin buƙatar gwaji na biyu ko gwajin likita.

Lokaci don cire barasa daga jiki

Sau da yawa, da safe bayan wani biki da aka yi a cikin kyakkyawan kamfani tare da abubuwan sha da yawa, mutum yana fuskantar tambayar ko zai yiwu ya koma gida a cikin mota mai zaman kansa ko kuma ya yi amfani da taksi. Matsakaicin adadin barasa daga jiki shine kusan 0,1 ppm a kowace awa ga maza da 0,085-0,09 ga mata akan lokaci guda. Amma waɗannan alamomin gabaɗaya ne kawai, waɗanda kuma nauyin nauyi, shekaru, da lafiyar gabaɗaya ya shafi su.

A cikin mata, ana fitar da barasa daga jiki a hankali.

Da farko, ya kamata ku mai da hankali kan abubuwan da ke ciki da tunani kafin yanke shawarar ko za ku tuƙi. Bugu da ƙari, za ku iya amfani da shirye-shirye da teburi daban-daban waɗanda ke ba ku damar yin ƙididdigewa lokacin da barasa ya ƙare.

Ƙididdigar barasa na musamman kuma yana ba da matsakaicin sakamako, amma yana ba ku damar shigar da bayanai game da jinsi, adadin da nau'in barasa da aka cinye, da nauyin jiki da kuma lokacin da ya wuce tun lokacin da abubuwan da ke dauke da barasa suka shiga jiki. Irin wannan sassaucin ra'ayi, da sauƙin amfani, sun sanya irin waɗannan albarkatu sun shahara a tsakanin masu ababen hawa da mutane masu sha'awar kawai.

Na lura cewa tebur don bayani ne da dalilai na tunani kawai kuma ba zai iya da'awar cikakkiyar daidaito dangane da kowane mutum ba. Bayan haka, wasu mutane sun fi saurin kamuwa da illar barasa, yayin da wasu kuma ba su da saurin kamuwa da cutar. Idan akwai kokwanto kaɗan, ina ba da shawarar ku daina tuƙi abin hawan ku.

Table: lokacin tsarkakewar jikin mutum daga barasa

Nauyin mutum / barasa	60 (kg)	70 (kg)	80 (kg)	90 (kg)	Adadin abin sha (grams)
Biya (4%)	2.54 (h)	2.39 (h)	2.11 (h)	1.56 (h)	300
Biya (6%)	4.21	3.44	3.16	2.54	300
Gin (9%)	6.32	5.56	4.54	4.21	300
Champagne (11%)	7.59	6.50	5.59	5.19	300
Port (19%)	13.03	11.11	9.47	8.42	300
Tincture (24%)	17.24	14.55	13.03	11.36	300
Liqueur (30%)	13.03	11.11	9.47	8.42	200
Vodka (40%)	5.48	4.58	4.21	3.52	100
Cognac (42%)	6.05	5.13	4.34	4.04	100

Yadda ake saurin cire barasa daga jiki

Hanyoyin da suka wanzu don saurin kawar da barasa daga jiki za a iya raba zuwa manyan kungiyoyi 2:

• likita;
• "jama'a".

Rukunin farko na hanyoyin ana aiwatar da su ta hanyar kwararrun likitocin a cikin kulawar marasa lafiya ta amfani da magunguna na musamman. Yin la'akari da yanayin majiyyaci da wasu yanayi, likita ya ba da umarnin magani a cikin nau'in droppers da magungunan sorbent waɗanda ke ɗaukar abubuwa masu cutarwa kuma suna hanzarta rushewar ethanol. Kada ku "rubuta" kwayoyi da kanku, tun da cin zarafi na sashi zai iya haifar da guba kuma zai kara tsananta yanayin maye kawai.

Rukuni na biyu na hanyoyin suna cike da abubuwan gano gida iri-iri da abubuwan da mutane ke fuskanta. An ba da shawarar a yi kamar haka:

1. A sha ruwa mai tsafta.
2. Barci da kyau (fiye da sa'o'i 8).
3. Kada ku ji tsoro don kawar da abubuwan da ke cikin ciki idan ya cancanta.
4. Ɗauki shawa mai bambanci.
5. Yi tafiya, shaka iska mai kyau don cika jiki tare da adadin iskar oxygen.

Bidiyo: hanyoyin "jama'a" don cire barasa daga jiki

Yadda ake natsuwa da sauri a gida mafi inganci hanyoyin bayyanawa

Hukuncin tuki a Rasha a cikin 2018

Ya danganta da yanayi da tsananin aikin da aka aikata, direban mota na iya ɗaukar nauyin gudanarwa da na laifi na tuƙi yayin maye.

Mataki na ashirin da 12.8 na ka'idar Laifukan Gudanarwa na Tarayyar Rasha ya ba da laifuka 3 a lokaci daya. Alhakin gudanarwa na tuki bugu ya ƙunshi tara tara a cikin adadin 30 dubu rubles da kuma hana haƙƙin daga shekaru 1,5 zuwa 2. Don canja wurin sarrafa motar zuwa fasinja bugu, takunkumin yayi kama.

An yi tanadin hukunci mai tsanani ga direban da aka hana shi lasisi. Don wannan cin zarafi, za a kama mutum na kwanaki 10-15. Wadanda, saboda yanayin lafiyarsu ko wasu dalilai, ba za a iya kama su ba, ana ci tarar 30 rubles.

Wani sabon abu shine sashi na 12.26 na kundin tsarin laifuffuka na gudanarwa, wanda ya kwatanta takunkumin kin yin gwajin likita da maye yayin tuki. Haka kuma hukuncin zai kasance.

Wannan manufar 'yan majalisar dokokin Rasha ta yi daidai. An ƙera shi ne don hana direbobi masu laifi dalilin ɓoyewa daga hanyoyin likita kuma ta kowace hanya don guje wa rubuta abubuwan maye.

Duk da tsananin takunkumin da aka sanya daga Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation, mafi tsanani hukunci da aka bayar ta hanyar Criminal Code. A cikin labarin 264.1 na Criminal Code na Tarayyar Rasha, ana ɗaukar laifin tuƙi mota yayin buguwa (ƙi a bincika) da mutumin da aka azabtar da irin wannan cin zarafi. Hukuncin yana da sauƙin canzawa: tarar daga 200 zuwa 300 dubu rubles, aikin wajibi - har zuwa sa'o'i 480, aikin tilastawa - har zuwa shekaru 2. Hukuncin da ya fi tsanani shi ne daurin shekaru biyu a gidan yari. Daga cikin abubuwan kuma, an kuma tauye wa mai laifin hakkinsa na wasu shekaru 3. Don zama abin dogaro a ƙarƙashin wannan labarin na Criminal Code na Tarayyar Rasha, dole ne ya yi tazarar maimaitawa yayin lokacin yanke hukunci don irin wannan laifi (ko a cikin shekara guda daga lokacin cin zarafin Articles 12.8 ko 12.26 na Code of Laifukan Gudanarwa na Tarayyar Rasha (Mataki na 4.6 na Code).

Maimaita tukin buguwa zai iya kai ga dauri har na tsawon shekaru biyu

Halatta matakin barasa na jini a waje

Matsakaicin mafi ƙarancin abun ciki na barasa da aka kafa bisa doka don direba ya dogara da al'adun ƙasar da kuma jurewar barasa a cikin al'adunta.

Babban ka'ida ga EU shine abun ciki na barasa mai tsafta har zuwa 0,5 ppm. An kafa wannan doka a kusan dukkanin ƙasashen Turai.

Halaye masu tsattsauran ra'ayi game da barasa da tuƙi sun fi mayar da hankali a Gabashin Turai da Scandinavia. Alal misali, a cikin Jamhuriyar Czech, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania.

Akasin haka, mafi aminci (har zuwa 0,8 ppm) game da shan barasa ya haɓaka a cikin Burtaniya, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg da San Marino.

Rabin ppm ana samarwa a Faransa, Italiya, Spain, Jamus, Ireland da sauran ƙasashe

A Arewacin Amirka, a matsayin mai mulki ga direbobi, abun ciki na ethanol a cikin jini bai wuce 0,8 ppm ba.

Jihohin Gabas suna da halin rashin daidaituwa game da tuƙi cikin maye. Misali, a Japan akwai sifili ppm.

Don haka, kafin tuƙi zuwa kowace ƙasa, dole ne direban ya sami ƙarin koyo game da ƙa'idodin zirga-zirgar ababen hawa, tunda wani lokacin suna iya bambanta sosai da ƙasar zama.

A Rasha, ga direbobi, an saita daidaitaccen ƙimar kowace mil na barasa a cikin jini: 0,3. Irin wannan adadin ba zai iya tasiri sosai kan ƙwarewar direban mota ba kuma ya haifar da haɗari. Domin tukin ganganci a cikin kasarmu an tanadi hukunci mai tsanani har zuwa gidan yari har na tsawon shekaru biyu. A lokaci guda kuma, a kan wannan batu, Rasha ba ta fita daga yanayin duniya ba. Saboda haka, bayan wata ƙungiya mai kyau, yana da kyau a sake amfani da taksi, kuma ba tuƙi ba.