Abin da za a zaba: bambance-bambancen karatu ko kanikanci

Kwanan baya, lokacin da aka zabi gearbox don mota, mai mota yana da zaɓi biyu kawai: atomatik ko makaniki. A duniya, babu wani abu da ya canza a wannan lokacin, amma kalmar “atomatik” na iya nufin aƙalla nau'ikan watsa kai tsaye guda huɗu, waɗanda ke da asali daban-daban cikin zane daga juna. Kuma mafi yawancin su shine mai bambance-bambancen ko CVT. Don haka menene ya kamata mai sha'awar mota ya zaɓi: mai bambance-bambancen karatu ko kanikanci? A cikin labarin zamuyi nazarin halayen su, fa'idodi da rashin dacewar su kuma kwatanta junan mu. Labarin zai taimaka muku yanke shawara lokacin zabar mota, kuma kuma, idan kun riga kuka sayi mota tare da mai bambanta, zai fi kyau ku fahimci tsarin abin hawanku don ci gaba da aiki. Abubuwan da aka tsara don taimakawa duka mai sha'awar motar mota da kuma gogaggen direba.

Canja littafi

Na'urar da ƙa'idar aikin watsawa ta hannu

Akwatin gearbox na hannu wani bangare ne na jigilar mota kuma an tsara shi don canza ƙirar daga injin a girman shi da zuwa shugabanci (baya). Ana watsa fassarar littafin a matsayin na gargajiya kuma an rarrabe shi ta hanyar amincin sa da sauki.

Tsarin inji ya hada da:

• gidaje (crankcase);
• shafts da giya (akwai 2 da 3-shaft);
• baya kaya;
• hanyar sauyawa;
• aiki tare;
• na'urori masu auna sigina.

An yi jikin daga abubuwa daban-daban. A mafi yawancin lokuta, gami ne na aluminium, amma yana faruwa cewa an ɗauki allurar magnesium a matsayin tushe. Crankcase din gami na magnesium yana da nauyi kuma yana da karko.

Duk abubuwan gearbox suna cikin gidan, banda maɓallin sauyawa da aka sanya a cikin gidan. An cika crankcase da man watsawa, wanda ya zama dole don kiyaye duk abubuwan haɗin cikin yanayi mai kyau a ƙarƙashin kowane kaya.

Babbar shaft an haɗa ta da injin ta hanyar kamawa, kuma an haɗa maɗaurar ta biyu zuwa cardan ko banbanci da kuma tuƙin ƙafafun motar. Ana haɗa shafan da juna ta amfani da nau'i-nau'i na giya.

Lokacin da kake latsa maɓallin kamawa kuma shigar da kayan da ake buƙata, an cire jigon shigarwar daga injin ɗin kuma giyar na juyawa da yardar juna. Lokacin da direba ya saki feda mai kamawa, togarar shigarwar ta ɗauki karfin juyi daga injin kuma ta watsa shi zuwa mashigar fitarwa, ta haka yana canja ƙarfin zuwa ƙafafun motar.

Don sauyawa mai santsi da girgiza, gearbox sanye take da masu aiki tare wanda yayi daidai da saurin juyawar kayan aiki. Tsarin rayuwa na kaya, kuma, bisa ga haka, duk gearbox gabaɗaya, ya dogara da ingancin aiki tare da aikinsa daidai.

Aikin watsa bayanai a bayyane kuma mai sauki ne, wanda yasa ya zama sananne kuma abin dogaro cikin aikin mota. Inji ya wanzu ba canzawa tsawon lokaci. Kyakkyawan madadin ga injiniyoyi a duk fannoni, musamman dangane da ƙimar farashi / inganci, ba a kiyaye shi ba tukuna.

Fa'idodi da rashin fa'idar watsawa ta hannu

Aikin watsa hannu yana da fa'ida da rashin amfani.

Babban mahimmin al'amura na kanikanci sune:

1. Costananan kuɗi da nauyin akwatin idan aka kwatanta da sauran akwatunan gearbox.
2. Sabis mara tsada.
3. Yiwuwar dorewar trailer na dindindin
4. Designaramar zane da haɓakawa.
5. Tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki na abin hawa a cikin yanayin hanya-cikin yanayi mai wuya.
6. Babban haɓakar haɓaka kuma, daidai da, tattalin arzikin mai da haɓakar haɓaka.
7. Jan motar zuwa kowane nesa.

Rashin dacewar akwatin inji sun hada da:

1. Xwarewar gudanarwa.
2. Canza kayan aiki mai ƙaranci (ƙasa da kwanciyar hankali).
3. Bukatar sauya lokaci zuwa lokaci kamawa.

Injinan sun dace da kusan duk abubuwan hawa. Ya tabbatar da kansa ya zama mai kyau a cikin aikin injin a cikin yanayin hanya, lokacin jigilar kaya, da lokacin tuki da tirela.

Idan a wasu lokuta injiniyoyi ba makawa, to akwai yanayi idan aka sanya shi a cikin motoci kawai don adana kuɗi don siye da kiyaye shi. A cikin ƙananan motoci masu araha ko masu arha da ake aiki da su a cikin yanayin haske, watsa ta atomatik ko wani mai bambanci ya fi dacewa, amma, saboda tsadarsu, injiniyoyi suna da fifiko.

Kuna iya karanta ƙarin game da watsa littafin a cikin labarinmu a mahaɗin.

CVT a matsayin nau'in watsawa ta atomatik

Mai bambance-bambancen, kamar kowane akwatin gearbox, na'ura ce da ke tura juzu'i daga injin zuwa ƙafafun kuma ta canza shi a cikin wasu iyaka. Ana yin jigilarwar a hankali a cikin tsayayyen yanayin sarrafawa. A cikin Ingilishi, ana kiran mai canzawa CVT (Ci gaba da Canza Musamman), wanda za a iya fassara shi azaman "watsawa tare da ci gaba da sauya yanayin yanayin gear."

Babban bambanci tsakanin mai bambance-bambance da watsawa ta hannu, inda kowane kaya ya dogara da kayan aiki na musamman, shine cikakken sauyin canji a cikin yanayin gear. Bugu da ƙari, canjin gear yana faruwa a cikin yanayin atomatik, ma'ana, babu buƙatar canza kullun kullun tare da hannuwanku da amfani da kama.

Mai sauƙin rarrabewa yana ba da izinin saurin hanzari ba tare da yin birgima ba. Motar tana hanzarta fiye da makanikai. Saurin injin ba ya bambanta, amma kusan koyaushe yana aiki.

Dogaro da abubuwan da aka zaɓa, akwai manyan nau'ikan bambance-bambancen guda uku:

• V-bel, wanda tushen sa shine bel wanda aka miƙa tsakanin juzu'i biyu;
• sarka - wannan bel ɗin na V, iri ɗaya ne, amma sarkar tana taka rawar ɗamara;
• toroidal, wanda ya kunshi fayafai da rollers.

Aikin bambance-bambancen shine tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki na injin ta ci gaba da sauya karfin. Wannan fasalin yana ƙayyade manyan fa'idodin mai bambance-bambancen, waɗanda suka haɗa da:

1. Matsakaicin amfani da ƙarfin injiniya.
2. Amfani da mai da tattalin arziki.
3. Ci gaba da sauri.

Saurin motsi da rashin jerks yana bawa direba damar jin daɗin tafiya, musamman a yanayin birane.

Mai bambance-bambancen ba shi da rashin amfani, wanda ya haɗa da:

1. Matsalar wahala akan manyan motoci.
2. Babban lodi lokacin tuki a hanya.
3. Bai dace da jawo ba, motsi na yau da kullun cikin sauri da motsi tare da saurin hanzari.
4. Ana amfani da na'urori masu auna firikwensin don aiki da mai bambance-bambancen. Rashin sigina daga kowane firikwensin na iya haifar da aikin kuskure na watsawa.
5. Rayuwa mai ƙarancin bel da maye gurbin ruwa mai tsada na musamman.
6. Tsada kuma galibi ba zai yiwu a gyara ba. Wasu lokuta yana da sauƙi don maye gurbin mai bambanta fiye da gyara shi.

Ana iya samun ƙarin cikakkun bayanai game da mai bambance-bambancen (CVT) a cikin labarinmu a mahaɗin.

Zana karshe

Lokaci baya tsayawa. Masu haɓaka CVT suna yin duk abin da zai yiwu don haɓaka aikinta, haɓaka aminci da ikon yin aiki a cikin mawuyacin yanayin hanya. Bambancin shine akwatin gearbox mai cika alƙawari, kuma injiniyoyi sune gearbox wanda koyaushe za'ayi amfani dashi, duk da wasu matsaloli lokacin tuki.