VAZ 2106 mai kunnawa mara waya: na'urar, tsarin aiki, shigarwa da jagorar sanyi

Tsarin walƙiya na lantarki ya bayyana ne kawai a kan sabbin gyare-gyaren gyare-gyare na motar baya "classic" VAZ 2106. Har zuwa tsakiyar 90s, waɗannan motoci suna sanye da wuta tare da mai katsewa na inji, wanda ba shi da tabbas a cikin aiki. An warware matsalar cikin sauƙi - masu "sixes" da suka wuce za su iya siyan kit ɗin kunna wuta mara amfani kuma su shigar da shi a kan motar da kansu, ba tare da juyawa ga masu lantarki ba.

Wutar lantarki VAZ 2106

Tsarin mara lamba (wanda aka gajarta a matsayin BSZ) "Zhiguli" ya haɗa da na'urori da sassa shida:

• babban mai rarraba wutar lantarki shine mai rarrabawa;
• coil wanda ke haifar da babban ƙarfin wuta don walƙiya;
• canza;
• haɗin madauki na wayoyi tare da masu haɗawa;
• manyan igiyoyi masu ƙarfin lantarki tare da ingantaccen rufi;
• walƙiya.

Daga da'irar lamba, BSZ ta gaji igiyoyi masu ƙarfi da kyandir kawai. Duk da kamannin waje da tsoffin sassa, nada da mai rarrabawa sun bambanta da tsarin. Sabbin abubuwa na tsarin sune maɓallin sarrafawa da kayan aikin waya.

Juyawa na biyu na nada yana aiki azaman tushen ƙarfin bugun jini mai ƙarfi wanda aka nufa zuwa tartsatsin walƙiya.

Na'ura mai aiki azaman ɓangaren da'irar mara lamba ta bambanta da adadin juyi na firamare da na sakandare. A sauƙaƙe, yana da ƙarfi fiye da tsohuwar sigar, tunda an tsara shi don ƙirƙirar ƙwaƙƙwaran 22-24 dubu volts. Wanda ya gabace shi ya ba da iyakar 18 kV ga na'urorin lantarki na kyandir.

Ƙoƙarin ajiye kuɗi akan shigar da wutar lantarki, ɗaya daga cikin abokaina ya maye gurbin mai rarrabawa, amma ya haɗa mai sauyawa zuwa tsohuwar "shida" coil. Gwajin ya ƙare cikin rashin nasara - iskar ta ƙone. A sakamakon haka, har yanzu dole in sayi sabon nau'in nada.

Ana amfani da kebul tare da masu haɗawa don ingantaccen haɗin kai na tashoshi na mai rarraba wuta da mai kunnawa. Ya kamata a yi la'akari da na'urar waɗannan abubuwa biyu daban.

Don ingantaccen haɗin abubuwan BSZ, ana amfani da kayan aikin wayoyi da aka shirya tare da pads.

Mai rarrabawa mara lamba

Abubuwan da ke biyowa suna cikin gidajen masu rarrabawa:

• wani shaft tare da dandamali da faifai a ƙarshen;
• farantin gindi yana pivoting a kan ɗaki;
• Hall Magnetic firikwensin;
• an gyara allon ƙarfe tare da rata a kan shaft, yana juyawa cikin ratar firikwensin.

A kan mai rarrabawa mara lamba, an adana mai gyara injin, wanda aka haɗa ta bututu mai ƙarancin ƙarfi zuwa carburetor.

A waje, a gefen bangon, an shigar da na'ura mai kunnawa lokacin kunna wuta, an haɗa shi da dandalin tallafi ta hanyar sanda. Ana gyara murfin a saman latches, inda aka haɗa igiyoyi daga kyandirori.

Babban bambancin wannan mai rarraba shi ne rashin ƙungiyar tuntuɓar injina. Matsayin mai katsewa a nan yana taka rawa ta hanyar firikwensin Hall na lantarki, wanda ke mayar da martani ga wucewar allo na karfe ta ratar.

Lokacin da farantin ya rufe filin maganadisu tsakanin abubuwa biyu, na'urar ba ta aiki, amma da zaran tazarar ta buɗe a cikin ratar, firikwensin yana haifar da halin yanzu kai tsaye. Yadda mai rarrabawa ke aiki azaman ɓangaren kunna wutar lantarki, karanta ƙasa.

Na'urar firikwensin Hall ya ƙunshi abubuwa biyu, tsakanin waɗanda allon ƙarfe tare da ramummuka ke juyawa.

Maɓallin sarrafawa

Sinadarin shine allon sarrafawa wanda aka kiyaye shi ta murfin filastik kuma an haɗa shi da radiyo mai sanyaya aluminum. A ƙarshe, an yi ramuka 2 don hawa sashin zuwa jikin motar. A VAZ 2106, da canji is located a cikin engine sashe a gefen dama memba (a cikin shugabanci na mota), kusa da coolant fadada tank.

Ana sanya maɓalli a gefen hagu na memba na "shida" ba da nisa da tanki na fadada ba, an samo coil a ƙasa.

Babban bayanan aikin da'irar lantarki sune transistor mai ƙarfi da mai sarrafawa. Na farko yana warware ayyuka 2: yana haɓaka sigina daga mai rarrabawa kuma yana sarrafa aikin iskar farko na coil. Microcircuit yana aiwatar da ayyuka masu zuwa:

• ya umurci transistor ya karya da'irar nada;
• yana haifar da ƙarfin magana a cikin da'irar firikwensin lantarki;
• yana ƙidaya saurin injin;
• yana kare da'irar daga matsananciyar ƙarfin lantarki (sama da 24 V);
• yana daidaita lokacin kunna wuta.

Ana haɗe da kewayen wutar lantarki na sauya zuwa wani heatsink na aluminum don kwantar da transistor mai aiki.

Mai sauyawa baya jin tsoron canza polarity idan direban motar yayi kuskure ya rikita waya mai kyau tare da "ƙasa". Wurin yana ƙunshe da diode wanda ke rufe layi a irin waɗannan lokuta. Mai sarrafawa ba zai ƙone ba, amma kawai ya daina aiki - walƙiya ba zai bayyana a kan kyandir ba.

Tsarin da ka'idar aiki na BSZ

Dukkan abubuwan da ke cikin tsarin suna haɗuwa tare da injin kamar haka:

• madaidaicin mai rarraba yana juyawa daga kayan aikin motar;
• na'urar firikwensin Hall da aka shigar a cikin mai rarraba yana haɗa zuwa maɓalli;
• an haɗa kullun ta hanyar ƙananan layin wutar lantarki zuwa mai sarrafawa, mai girma - zuwa tsakiyar lantarki na murfin mai rarrabawa;
• high-voltage wayoyi daga tartsatsin tartsatsi an haɗa su zuwa gefen lambobin sadarwa na babban murfin mai rarrabawa.

Matsa mai zaren "K" akan coil an haɗa shi da ingantaccen lamba na maɓallan makullin kunnawa da madaidaicin "4" na sauyawa. Tashar ta biyu mai alamar "K" tana haɗa zuwa lambar "1" na mai sarrafawa, wayar tachometer kuma ta zo nan. Ana amfani da tasha "3", "5" da "6" na maɓalli don haɗa firikwensin Hall.

Babban rawa a cikin BSZ na "shida" yana taka rawa ta hanyar sauyawa, wanda ke aiwatar da siginar firikwensin Hall kuma yana sarrafa aikin nada.

Algorithm na aiki na BSZ akan "shida" yayi kama da haka:

1. bayan juya maɓalli a kulle ƙarfin lantarki bauta a kan electromagnetic firikwensin и na farko karkace transformer. Filin maganadisu yana tasowa a kusa da tsakiyar karfe.
2. Mai farawa yana jujjuya ƙwanƙolin injin da mai rarrabawa. Lokacin da slit ɗin allo ya wuce tsakanin abubuwan firikwensin, ana haifar da bugun jini wanda aka aika zuwa maɓalli. A wannan lokaci, ɗaya daga cikin pistons yana kusa da babban batu.
3. Mai sarrafawa ta hanyar transistor yana buɗe da'irar iskar farko na nada. Sa'an nan, a cikin sakandare, an kafa wani ɗan gajeren lokaci bugun jini har zuwa 24 volts, wanda ke tafiya tare da kebul zuwa tsakiya na tsakiya na murfin mai rarrabawa.
4. Bayan wucewa ta hanyar sadarwa mai motsi - mai nunin da aka nufa zuwa tashar da ake so, halin yanzu yana gudana zuwa gefen lantarki, kuma daga can - ta hanyar kebul zuwa kyandir. Ana yin walƙiya a cikin ɗakin konewa, cakuda mai ya kunna kuma ya tura piston ƙasa. Injin yana farawa.
5. Lokacin da piston na gaba ya isa TDC, sake zagayowar ta sake maimaitawa, kawai walƙiya an canza shi zuwa wani kyandir.

Idan aka kwatanta da tsohon tsarin tuntuɓar, BSZ yana haifar da fiɗa mai ƙarfi

Don mafi kyawun konewar mai yayin aikin injin, walƙiya a cikin silinda yakamata ya zama ɗan juzu'in daƙiƙa kafin fistan ya kai matsakaicin matsayi na sama. Don yin wannan, BSZ yana ba da haske a gaban wani kusurwa. Darajarsa ya dogara da saurin crankshaft da kaya a kan naúrar wutar lantarki.

Maɓalli da vacuum block na mai rarrabawa sun tsunduma cikin daidaita kusurwar gaba. Na farko yana karanta adadin bugun jini daga firikwensin, na biyu yana aiki da injiniyanci daga injin da aka kawo daga carburetor.

Bidiyo: Bambance-bambancen BSZ daga mai fasa inji

Laifin tsarin mara lamba

Dangane da abin dogaro, BSZ ya zarce daɗaɗɗen ƙonewar lamba na "shida", matsalolin suna faruwa da yawa ƙasa akai-akai kuma suna da sauƙin ganewa. Alamomin tsarin rashin aiki:

• cikakken gazawar - injin yana tsayawa kuma baya farawa;
• rashin daidaituwa mara daidaituwa, harbi a cikin carburetor lokacin da aka danna fedarar gas da ƙarfi;
• katsewa da tsallake hawan keke yayin tuki.

Alamar farko da aka fi sani da ita ita ce gazawar injin, tare da rashin walƙiya. Dalilan gama gari na gazawa:

1. Resistor da aka gina a cikin faifan mai rarrabawa ya kone.
   

   Ƙunƙarar da resistor da aka sanya a cikin siliki yana haifar da hutu a cikin babban ƙarfin lantarki da kuma rashin tartsatsi a kan kyandirori.
2. Babban firikwensin zauren ya kasa.
3. Hutu a cikin wayoyi masu haɗa mai sauyawa zuwa nada ko firikwensin.
4. Maɓallin ya ƙone, mafi daidai, ɗaya daga cikin sassan allon lantarki.

Ƙarfin wutar lantarki yana zama da wuya ba a iya amfani da shi. Alamun suna kama da - cikakken rashin walƙiya da kuma motar "matattu".

Mai kula da aiki, bayan kunna kunnan wuta, yana samar da wutar lantarki zuwa lambobin firikwensin Hall

Neman "mai laifi" ana gudanar da shi ta hanyar hanyar ma'auni na gaba a wurare daban-daban. Kunna wuta kuma yi amfani da voltmeter don bincika ƙarfin lantarki a firikwensin Hall, lambobin canza canjin da tasha. Dole ne a ba da na yanzu zuwa iskar farko da matsananciyar lambobi 2 na firikwensin lantarki.

Don gwada mai sarrafawa, sanannen ma'aikacin lantarki ya ba da shawarar amfani da ɗayan ayyukansa. Bayan an kunna wuta, mai kunnawa yana ba da halin yanzu zuwa nada, amma idan mai farawa bai juya ba, ƙarfin lantarki ya ɓace. A wannan lokacin, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar ma'auni ta amfani da na'ura ko hasken sarrafawa.

An gano gazawar firikwensin Hall kamar haka:

1. Cire haɗin kebul na wutar lantarki mai girma daga tsakiya na tsakiya akan murfin mai rarrabawa kuma gyara lamba a kusa da jiki, a nesa na 5-10 mm.
2. Cire haɗin mai haɗawa daga mai rarrabawa, saka ƙarshen waya mara amfani a tsakiyar sadarwarsa.
   

   An shigar da jagorar gwajin don gwada firikwensin a tsakiyar lamba na mahaɗin da aka cire.
3. Taɓa jiki tare da ƙarshen na biyu na jagorar, bayan kunna kunnawa. Idan babu tartsatsi a da, amma yanzu ya bayyana, canza firikwensin.

Lokacin da injin ke gudana ba tare da bata lokaci ba, kuna buƙatar bincika amincin wayoyi, gurɓataccen tashoshin sauyawa ko manyan wayoyi masu ƙarfi don rushewar rufin. Wani lokaci akan sami jinkiri a cikin siginar sauyawa, yana haifar da dips da tabarbarewar haɓakar overclocking. Yana da wuya ga mai mallakar VAZ 2106 na yau da kullun don gano irin wannan matsala, yana da kyau a tuntuɓi masanin lantarki.

Dalilin rashin kwanciyar hankali na motar shine sau da yawa lambobi masu canzawa oxidized.

Masu kula da zamani da aka yi amfani da su akan kunnawar "shida" maras amfani da wuta ba safai ba. Amma idan gwajin firikwensin Hall ya ba da sakamako mara kyau, to gwada maye gurbin canji ta hanyar kawarwa. Abin farin ciki, farashin sabon kayan aikin ba ya wuce 400 rubles.

Bidiyo: yadda ake duba lafiyar canjin

Shigar da BSZ akan VAZ 2106

Lokacin zabar kit ɗin kunna wuta mara lamba, kula da girman injin ɗinku na "shida". Rarraba shaft for 1,3-lita engine kamata ya zama 7 mm ya fi guntu fiye da mafi iko iko raka'a 1,5 da kuma 1,6 lita.

Don shigar da BSZ a kan mota Vaz 2106, ya kamata ka shirya wadannan sa na kayan aikin:

• buɗaɗɗen maƙallan buɗewa ko spaners tare da girman 7-13 mm;
• screwdrivers tare da lebur da Phillips ramummuka;
• matattara;
• rawar jiki tare da rawar jiki na mm 4 (don hawa na'urar lantarki a cikin memba na gefe, dole ne ku yi ramuka 2 don sukukuwa masu ɗaukar kai).

Don haƙa ramuka 2 don sauyawa, zaku iya amfani da rawar hannu maimakon na lantarki

Ina ba da shawarar sosai siyan maƙarƙashiyar zobe na mm 38 tare da dogon hannu don kwance ratchet. Ba shi da tsada, a cikin 150 rubles, yana da amfani a yanayi da yawa. Tare da wannan maɓalli, yana da sauƙi don kunna crankshaft da saita alamun ja don daidaita kunnawa da lokaci.

Tare da spanner na 38 mm, yana da matukar dacewa don kunna crankshaft ta goro ratchet.

Da farko, kuna buƙatar rushe tsohon tsarin - babban mai rarrabawa da nada:

1. Cire manyan wayoyi masu ƙarfin lantarki daga kwas ɗin murfin mai rarraba kuma cire haɗin shi daga jiki ta buɗe latches.
   

   Rage kayan aiki na tsofaffi yana farawa tare da rarraba mai rarraba - cire murfin da wayoyi
2. Juya crankshaft, saita darjewa a wani kusurwa na kusan 90 ° zuwa motar kuma sanya alama akan murfin bawul sabanin. Cire goro na mm 13 wanda ke tabbatar da mai rarrabawa zuwa toshe.
   

   Kafin cire mai rarraba wuta, yi alama a matsayin mai silima tare da alli
3. Cire maƙallan tsohuwar nada kuma cire haɗin wayoyi. Yana da kyawawa a tuna da pinout ko zana shi.
   

   Ana haɗe tashoshi na waya zuwa lambobin taswira akan maƙallan zaren
4. Sake da kwance ƙwaya masu ɗaure, cire coil da mai rarrabawa daga motar.
   

   Gidan mai rarraba yana haɗe zuwa shingen Silinda tare da kwaya mai tsayi 13 mm guda ɗaya

Lokacin cire mai rarraba wuta, ajiye gasket a cikin nau'i na injin wanki da aka sanya tsakanin dandalin ɓangaren da shingen Silinda. Zai iya zama da amfani ga mai rarrabawa mara lamba.

Kafin shigar da BSZ, yana da daraja duba yanayin manyan igiyoyi da kyandirori. Idan kun yi shakkar aikin waɗannan sassa, yana da kyau a canza su nan da nan. Dole ne a tsaftace kyandir ɗin sabis kuma a saita tazarar 0,8-0,9 mm.

Shigar da kit ɗin mara lamba bisa ga umarnin:

1. Cire murfin mai rarrabawa BSZ, idan ya cancanta, sake shirya mai wanki daga tsohon kayan gyara. Juya madaidaicin zuwa matsayin da ake so kuma saka raƙuman mai rarrabawa a cikin soket, ɗauka da sauƙi danna dandamali tare da goro.
   

   Kafin shigar da mai rarrabawa a cikin soket, juya madaidaicin zuwa alamomin alli da aka zana akan murfin bawul.
2. Saka a kan murfin, gyara latches. Haɗa igiyoyin walƙiya bisa ga lamba (ana nuna lambobi akan murfin).
3. Dunƙule da nada na contactless tsarin zuwa jikin VAZ 2106. Domin da tashoshi "B" da "K" tsaya a matsayinsu na asali, da farko bude jikin samfurin a cikin hawa matsa.
   

   Lokacin hawa coil, haɗa wayoyi daga relay na kunnawa da tachometer
4. Saka wayoyi daga maɓallin kunnawa da tachometer akan lambobin sadarwa bisa ga zane na sama.
5. Kusa da memba na gefe, shigar da mai sarrafawa ta hanyar hako ramuka 2. Don dacewa, cire tankin faɗaɗa.
   

   An haɗa mai sarrafawa zuwa ramuka a cikin memba na gefe ta amfani da sukurori masu ɗaukar kai.
6. Haɗa kayan aikin wayoyi zuwa mai rarrabawa, canzawa da mai canzawa. An haɗa blue waya zuwa tashar "B" na nada, ana haɗa wayar launin ruwan kasa zuwa lambar "K". Sanya babban kebul na wutar lantarki tsakanin murfin mai rarrabawa da tsakiyar wutar lantarki na gidan wuta.
   

   Ana haɗa igiyoyin kyandir bisa ga lambobi akan murfin, ana haɗa waya ta tsakiya zuwa na'urar lantarki

Idan yayin aikin shigarwa babu kurakurai masu ban haushi, motar za ta fara nan da nan. Ana iya daidaita kunnan wutan "ta kunne" ta hanyar sakin goro mai rarrabawa da juya jiki a hankali a saurin injin da ba shi da aiki. Cimma mafi kwanciyar hankali aiki na motar da kuma ƙara goro. An gama shigarwa.

Bidiyo: umarnin don shigar da kayan aikin da ba na sadarwa ba

Shigarwa na BSZ, umarnin bidiyo dalla-dalla.

Saita lokacin kunnawa

Idan kun manta da sanya haɗari a kan murfin bawul ɗin kafin rarrabuwa ko kuma ba ku daidaita alamomin ba, lokacin walƙiya dole ne a sake daidaita shi:

1. Juya kyandir na farkon Silinda kuma sake saita murfin babban mai rarrabawa.
   

   Don bibiyar bugun fistan, kuna buƙatar kwance kyandir na silinda na farko
2. Saka dogon sukudireba a cikin filogi da kyau sannan a jujjuya ƙugiya ta ratchet kusa da agogo tare da maƙarƙashiya (idan an gan shi daga gaban injin). Manufar ita ce nemo TDC na piston, wanda zai tura sukudin daga rijiyar kamar yadda zai yiwu.
   

   An saita alamar da ke kan juzu'i a gaban dogon layi akan gidan motar
3. Sake goro da ke riƙe da mai rarrabawa zuwa toshe. Ta hanyar jujjuya shari'ar, tabbatar da cewa ɗayan ramukan allon yana cikin tazarar firikwensin Hall. A wannan yanayin, lambar motsi mai motsi dole ne ta kasance ta daidaita a fili tare da lambar gefen "1" akan murfin mai rarrabawa.
   

   Ya kamata a juya jikin mai rarraba zuwa matsayin da ake so kuma a gyara shi da goro
4. Danne goro mai hawan mai rarrabawa, shigar da hula da filogi, sannan fara injin. Lokacin da yayi zafi har zuwa digiri 50-60, daidaita kunnawa "ta kunne" ko ta strobe.

Hankali! Lokacin da piston na Silinda 1 ya kai matsayinsa na sama, ƙimar crankshaft pulley yakamata ya zo daidai da dogon haɗari na farko akan murfin sashin lokaci. Da farko, kuna buƙatar samar da kusurwar gubar na 5 °, don haka saita alamar jan hankali sabanin haɗari na biyu.

Gajeren layi na biyu akan shingen Silinda yana nuna kusurwar jagora na 5°

Hakazalika, ana yin gyare-gyare ta hanyar amfani da kwan fitila da aka haɗa da yawan motar da ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki na nada. Lokacin kunnawa yana ƙayyade ta walƙiya na fitilar lokacin da aka kunna firikwensin Hall, kuma transistor mai sauyawa yana buɗe kewaye.

A cikin bazata na tsinci kaina a cikin kasuwar siyar da kayan kera motoci, na sayi hasken strobe mai rahusa. Wannan na'urar tana sauƙaƙa saitin kunnawa sosai ta hanyar nuna matsayin ƙwanƙwasa lokacin da injin ke aiki. An haɗa stroboscope zuwa mai rarrabawa kuma yana ba da walƙiya lokaci guda tare da samuwar tartsatsi a cikin silinda. Ta hanyar nuna fitilun a cikin ɗigon ruwa, za ku iya ganin matsayi na alamar da canjinsa tare da karuwar sauri.

Don saita kunnan wuta, an haɗa stroboscope zuwa babban haɗin wutar lantarki na Silinda 1 da baturi.

Bidiyo: daidaitawar kunnawa "ta kunne"

Muna daidaita lokacin kunnawa, a gida.VAZ mai rarrabawa.

Kyandir don kunna wutar lantarki

Lokacin shigar da BSZ akan motar samfurin VAZ 2106, yana da kyau a zaɓi da shigar da kyandir waɗanda suka dace da kunna wutar lantarki. Tare da kayan aikin Rasha, an ba da izinin amfani da analogues da aka shigo da su daga sanannun samfuran:

• kyandir na asali shawarar da masana'anta - A17DVR (M);
• NGK - BCPR6ES-9, BPR6ES-9;
• Bosch - FR7DCU, WR7DC;
• Brisk - DR15YC, LR15YC;
• Ina ɗauka - 14FR-7DU, 14R-7DU.

Kafin yin dunƙule a cikin matosai, duba giɓin da ke tsakanin na'urorin lantarki tare da ma'aunin jin daɗi.

Harafin M a cikin alamar sashe na gida yana nuna alamar jan ƙarfe na lantarki. A kan siyarwa akwai kayan A17DVR ba tare da murfin jan karfe ba, wanda ya dace da BSZ.

An saita rata tsakanin na'urori masu aiki na kyandir a cikin 0,8-0,9 mm ta amfani da bincike mai lebur. Wucewa ko rage shawarar da aka ba da shawarar yana haifar da raguwar ƙarfin injin da ƙaruwar amfani da mai.

Shigar da tsarin da ba a tuntuɓar sadarwa ba yana inganta aikin carburetor Zhiguli wanda aka sanye shi da motar baya. Ba abin dogara ba, ko da yaushe kona lambobin sadarwa ya kawo matsala mai yawa ga masu "sixes". A mafi yawan lokutan da ba su dace ba, dole ne a tsaftace mai karyawa, tare da sanya hannayenku datti. Na farko wutar lantarki ya bayyana a gaban-dabaran drive model na "takwas" iyali, sa'an nan ya yi hijira zuwa Vaz 2101-2107.