Abubuwa 5 da yakamata ku sani kafin siyan motar lantarki.

Abubuwa

1. Nau'ikan motocin lantarki daban-daban (EV - Vechicle)
2. Kewayon motocin lantarki.
- - Ka tuna cewa kewayon motocin lantarki suna tasiri ta:
- Nawa nisan mitoci zan iya samu ta hanyar tuka motar lantarki akai-akai?
  - Mizanin motar lantarki
3. Tashoshin caji.
- - Idan na tuka motata a ƙarƙashin caja 100 kWh, batirin kWh na 50 zai yi caji daga 0 zuwa 100% a cikin mintuna 30?

Kuna tunanin siyan abin hawan lantarki? Shin kun rikitar da mene ne matasan, menene nau'in plug-in matasan, kuma ta yaya ya bambanta da abin hawan lantarki? Ko wataƙila kuna jin tsoron ƙarancin nisan mil ɗin da motocin lantarki ke bayarwa? Wannan sakon yakamata ya bayyana muku abubuwa da yawa a cikin duniyar lantarki.

1. Nau'ikan motocin lantarki daban-daban (EV - Vechicle)

Hybrid = Injin konewa na ciki + Motar lantarki.

Motoci masu haɗaka suna amfani da injina guda biyu, kuma ya rage ga motar ta yanke shawarar lokacin amfani da injin lantarki, lokacin amfani da injin konewa na ciki, da lokacin amfani da injin lantarki don tallafawa injin konewar ciki - musamman a cikin zirga-zirgar birni. A wasu motocin yana yiwuwa a kunna yanayin tuki na lantarki, duk da haka, kewayon da za a iya samu yana da ƙanana a 2-4 km, kuma ga injinan lantarki akwai iyakar saurin gudu, yawanci 40-50 km /. hour Ana cajin batir ɗin waɗannan motocin yayin da ake birki lokacin da aka dawo da wutar lantarki, amma ba za a iya cajin batir ta wata hanya dabam. Amfanin motocin hada-hadar sun bayyana a cikin birnin, inda yawan man da ake amfani da shi ya yi kasa da na motocin kone-kone.

Plug-in hybrid = Injin konewa + injin lantarki + baturi.

Motocin PHEV ko Toshe-in Hybrids (Toshe-in Hybrid Electric Vechicle). A kodayaushe mota ce da ke da injin konewa na ciki (man fetur ko dizal) da kuma na lantarki, amma akwai nau’ukan aikin wadannan injinan daban-daban. Akwai motocin PHEV da injin lantarki ke tafiyar da axle na baya sannan injin konewa na ciki yana tuka gaban gatari. Wadannan injinan suna iya aiki daban, alal misali, injin konewa na ciki kawai ko kuma injin lantarki kawai, amma kuma suna iya aiki tare, kuma motar lantarki tana tallafawa injin konewa na ciki. Misalin abin hawa shine filogin Volvo V60.

Ci gaban wannan ra'ayin shine mota mai injuna biyu, amma injin konewa na ciki yayin tuki na iya yin cajin batura yayin tuki. Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV ya gabatar da wannan ƙirar ƙirar.

Wani ra'ayi na hybrid shine shigar da injin konewa na ciki da injin lantarki, amma injin lantarki ne ke jujjuya wutar lantarki zuwa ƙafafun, yayin da injin konewar ke aiki azaman janareta. Don haka, lokacin da makamashin da aka adana a cikin batura ya ƙare, injin konewa yana farawa, amma ba ya haifar da wuta ga ƙafafun. Wannan zai zama hanyar samar da wutar lantarki don kunna wutar lantarki da wani bangare na batura. Ya kamata a lura cewa wannan shine mafi yawan amfani da injin konewa na ciki. Misalin irin wannan mota shine Opel Ampera.

Tabbas, a cikin nau'ikan plug-in, zamu iya cajin batura daga tushen wutar lantarki na waje na caja. Wasu motocin toshewa har ma suna ba da izinin caja mai sauri na DC!

Wurin lantarki ya bambanta ta hanyar abin hawa da salon tuƙi. Yawanci yana tafiya daga kilomita 30 zuwa 80 ta amfani da injin lantarki.

Motar lantarki = Motar lantarki + baturi

Motocin lantarki ko motocin lantarki (ko BEV - Battery Electric Vechicle) ababen hawa ne da ba su da injinan lantarki. Kewayon su ya dogara da ƙarfin baturi, wanda aka bayyana a cikin kWh (kilowatt-hours), sau da yawa a Ah (ampere-hours), ko da yake duka nau'i-nau'i daidai ne, tsohon ya fi dacewa da mai amfani. Koyaya, waɗannan motocin suna ba da ƙwarewar tuƙi mabambanta idan aka kwatanta da motocin konewa. Ina ba da shawarar ku gwada shi da kanku kuma ku fara amfani da raba mota.

2. Kewayon motocin lantarki.

Wannan shine dalilin yanke hukunci, amma kuma babban tsoro idan kun fuskanci siyan abin hawan lantarki. Duk ya dogara da nawa da yadda kuke shirin hawa kowace rana. Bisa lafazin Cibiyar Bincike ta hadin gwiwa , fiye da kashi 80% na direbobi a Tarayyar Turai suna tafiyar kasa da kilomita 65 a rana. Kada ku zubar da motar lantarki nan da nan don neman tafiya ta kwana ɗaya daga Zakopane zuwa Gdansk ko hutu zuwa Croatia. Koyaya, idan kun yi nisa mai nisa yayin rana, ko sau da yawa dole kuyi tafiya gaba, kuyi la'akari da matasan toshe.

Ka tuna cewa kewayon motocin lantarki suna tasiri ta:

Ƙarfin baturi ya dogara da abin hawa kuma wani lokaci akan sigar ƙirar.
Yanayi - Matsakaicin ƙarancin zafi ko matsanancin zafi na iya iyakance kewayon abin hawan lantarki. Kawai dumama da sanyaya mota yana cinye wutar lantarki da yawa. Kar ku damu, batir ɗin ku ba za su yi zafi ba. Ana sanyaya motocin lantarki.
Salon tuƙi - Yadda kuke tuƙi yana shafar nisan tuƙi. Zai fi kyau a tuƙi ba tare da hanzari ko raguwa ba. Ka tuna cewa motar lantarki tana dawo da kuzari yayin birki, don haka kawai sakin fedatin gaggawa zai haifar da birki mai yawa.

Nawa nisan mitoci zan iya samu ta hanyar tuka motar lantarki akai-akai?

A ƙasa zan gabatar muku da samfuran motocin lantarki da yawa da yawa da nisan tafiyarsu. Kwanakin da motar lantarki ta yi tafiyar kilomita 100 kacal kuma sai ta nemi wurin caji ta daɗe.

Mizanin motar lantarki

Tesla Model S85d - 440km - amma lafiya, wannan shine Tesla, kuma an san Tesla shine jagora a duniyar motocin lantarki, don haka bari mu ɗan taɓa ƙasa kaɗan.
Kia Niro EV 64 kWh - 445 km
Kia Niro EV 39,2 kWh - 289 km
Peugeot e-208 50 kWh - kimanin. 300 km
Nissan Leaf 40 kWh - har zuwa 270 km
Nissan Lead e + 62 kWh - har zuwa 385 km
BMW i3 - 260 km.
Smart EQ Na Hudu - 153 km.

Kamar yadda kake gani, duk ya dogara da ƙarfin baturi da salon tuƙi. Misali, Peugeot e-208 yana da na'urar kwaikwayo mai ban sha'awa ta mileage akan shafin daidaitawa. Lokacin tuki a hankali har zuwa 70 km / h a 20 ^o C motar tana da ikon tuƙi kilomita 354, kuma tare da motsi mai ƙarfi, haɓakar hanzari zuwa 130 km / h da birki mai kaifi a zazzabi na -10 ^o C nisan miloli na mota zai zama kawai 122 km.

Yadda za a lissafta da sauri kusan nisan nisan da za a iya yi da abin hawan lantarki? Kamar yadda a cikin motocin da ke da injin konewa na ciki, ana ɗaukar matsakaicin amfani da man fetur 8 l / 100km, yayin da a cikin motocin lantarki, ana iya ɗaukar matsakaicin yawan wutar lantarki 20 kWh / 100km. Don haka, nisan mil ɗin da zaku iya yi da sauƙi, alal misali, Kia Niro mai batirin 64 kWh shine 64 * 0,2 = 320 km. Yana game da tafiya shiru ba tare da tukin yanayi ba. YouTuber dan kasar Poland yayi gwajin dogon zango kuma ya tuka mota kirar Kia Niro daga Warsaw zuwa Zakopane, wato kilomita 418,5 akan caji daya, tare da matsakaitan makamashin da ya kai kilowatt 14,3/100.

3. Tashoshin caji.

Tabbas, mai yiwuwa kuna mamakin inda kuma ta yaya za ku yi cajin irin wannan motar da kuma irin nau'ikan haɗin da ke akwai gabaɗaya.

Ku huta, an riga an faɗi haka. Ziyarci abubuwan da suka gabata:

Taƙaice? - akwai caja da yawa.

Wasu ana biya, wasu kuma kyauta. Nau'in masu haɗawa? Babu matsala. AC caji amfani Buga 2 ko, kasa fiye, Buga 1. Mafi caji tashoshin da gina-in Type 2 soket ko Buga 2 na USB, don haka idan ka saya mota tare da wani Type 1 soket, ya kamata ka samu wani Type 1 - Type 2 Adafta don cajin DC, a Turai za mu sami masu haɗin CSS COMBO 2 ko CHAdeMO. Yawancin tashoshi masu sauri na caji suna sanye take da waɗannan haɗe-haɗe guda biyu. Ba damuwa.