Canjin mai a cikin watsawar hannu
Abubuwa
Tushen ma'adinai shine man fetur na halitta, daga abin da, ta hanyar sauƙi mai sauƙi da cire paraffins, ana samun man fetur na wani danko. Irin wannan mai ba ya daɗe, yana amsa rashin ƙarfi ga yanayin zafi ko ƙarancin zafi, amma yana da arha sosai.
Ɗaya daga cikin bambance-bambance tsakanin injin inji da kowane nau'in watsawa ta atomatik shine abin dogara, saboda yawancin akwatuna suna tafiyar da kilomita 300-700 kafin a sake gyarawa, amma wannan zai yiwu ne kawai idan an gudanar da canje-canje na yau da kullum da daidaitattun man fetur a cikin watsawar manual.
Yadda watsawa na inji ke aiki
Tushen wannan nau'in akwatin gear shine jigilar kayan aiki na ci gaba na yau da kullun, wato, tuki da ginshiƙan tuƙi na kowane gudu koyaushe suna haɗuwa da juna. A wannan yanayin, ba a haɗa kayan aikin da aka yi amfani da su ba, amma an ɗora shi ta hanyar allura, saboda haka yana juyawa cikin sauƙi. Dangane da tsarin akwatin, mai yana shiga su ko dai daga waje ko ta rami a cikin ramin.
Man mota
Canjin Gear yana faruwa ne saboda ƙuƙumma masu daidaitawa, waɗanda aka haɗa su da shaft tare da hakora, amma suna iya motsawa hagu ko dama. Abubuwan haɗin gear suna haɗa ɗaya ko wani kayan aikin da ake tuƙi zuwa ga shaft, suna aiki da shi. An shigar da bambance-bambance a ciki da waje da akwatin, dangane da zane na watsawar hannu.
Me mai yake yi
Man watsa (TM) da ke cikin akwatin yana yin ayyuka 2:
- lubricates da gogayya saman, rage su lalacewa;
- yana sanyaya dukkan sassa, yana cire zafi daga gears zuwa gaɓar jikin naúrar, wanda ke aiki azaman radiator.
Man yana haifar da fim ɗin mai akan saman aiki na sassan shafa wanda ke rage juzu'i, godiya ga wanda ƙaramin ƙarfe na bakin ciki yana ɗaukar shekaru da yawa. Abubuwan da ake ƙarawa da abubuwan ganowa da aka haɗa a cikin mai suna ƙara lubricant, kuma a wasu lokuta ma suna mayar da saman sawa na ƙarfe. Yayin da sauri da kaya suka karu, yanayin zafin jiki na gears ya tashi, don haka ruwan watsawa ya yi zafi tare da su kuma yana dumama gidaje, wanda ke da babban ikon haskaka zafi. Wasu samfuran suna sanye da na'urar radiyo wanda ke rage zafin mai.
Lokacin da danko ko wasu sigogi na ruwan watsawa ba su cika buƙatun da masana'antun naúrar suka saita ba, tasirin mai akan duk sassan shafa yana canzawa. Ko da kuwa yadda tasirin mai ke canzawa, yawan lalacewa na wuraren shafa yana ƙaruwa kuma guntun ƙarfe ko ƙura sun shiga cikin ruwan watsawa.
Lokacin da mai ya yi zafi sosai, cokes ɗin mai, wato, wani yanki yana yin oxidizes, yana samar da soot mai ƙarfi, wanda ke ba ruwan watsa ruwan launin baki. Sot mai sau da yawa yana toshe tashoshi a cikin ramin, sannan kuma yana rage lubric na watsawa, don haka yawan toka a cikin ruwan, yawan lalacewa na kayan shafa. Idan gears ko wasu abubuwa na injin akwatin gear na ciki sun lalace sosai, cika wani sabon ruwa ba zai ƙara taimakawa ba, saboda ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfe na bakin ciki ya lalace, don haka akwatin yana buƙatar babban gyara.
Sau nawa don canza mai
Tare da aiki da hankali na motar, man da ke cikin watsawa ya wuce kilomita dubu 50-100 kafin a maye gurbinsa, duk da haka, idan an yi amfani da motar don ɗaukar kaya masu nauyi ko kuma tafiya da sauri, yana da kyau a rage rabin nisan. Wannan dan kadan yana ƙara farashin kula da motar, amma yana tsawaita rayuwar watsawar hannu. Idan ma'adinan ma'adinai ya bushe lokacin canza mai a cikin watsawar hannu ba ya jin warin konewa kuma baya yin duhu, to kuna canza TM a cikin lokaci, kuma ana amfani da albarkatun watsawa a ƙaramin sauri.
Canji na mai
Hanyar canza mai a cikin watsawar hannu ta ƙunshi matakai 3:
- zaɓin ruwan watsawa da abubuwan amfani;
- magudanar shara;
- zuba sabon abu.
Zaɓin ruwan watsawa
Umarnin aiki don yawancin injuna suna nuna takamaiman nau'in mai, yawanci daga kamfanonin abokan hulɗa na mai watsawa ko mai kera mota. Koyaya, don ingantaccen canjin mai a cikin watsawar hannu, ba alama ko alamar ruwa bane ke da mahimmanci, amma ainihin halayensa, musamman:
- SAE danko;
- API class;
- nau'in tushe.
Ma'aunin SAE yana bayyana dankowar ruwan watsawa dangane da abubuwa biyu:
- zafin jiki na waje;
- zafin jiki a wurin bincike.
An ƙayyade SAE na ruwan watsa hunturu a cikin tsarin "xx W xx", inda lambobi biyu na farko suka bayyana mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki na waje wanda mai ke riƙe da lubricity, kuma lambobi na biyu suna kwatanta danko a 100 digiri Celsius.
Ajin API ya bayyana makasudin man, wato, irin nau'in akwatunan gear ɗin da aka nufa da su kuma ana nuna su da haruffan GL waɗanda ke biye da lamba, wanda shine ajin. Don motocin fasinja, mai na azuzuwan GL-3 - GL-6 sun dace. Amma, akwai iyakoki, alal misali, GL-4 kawai ya dace da kwalaye tare da masu daidaitawa waɗanda aka yi da ƙarfe ba na ƙarfe ba, idan kun cika GL-5, to waɗannan sassan za su gaza da sauri. Don haka, dole ne a bi umarnin masana'anta sosai.
Nau'in tushe shine kayan da aka yi TM daga ciki, da kuma fasaha don samar da shi. Akwai nau'ikan tushe guda uku:
- ma'adinai;
- Semi-roba;
- roba.
Tushen ma'adinai shine man fetur na halitta, daga abin da, ta hanyar sauƙi mai sauƙi da cire paraffins, ana samun man fetur na wani danko. Irin wannan mai ba ya daɗe, yana amsa rashin ƙarfi ga yanayin zafi ko ƙarancin zafi, amma yana da arha sosai.
Gishiri mai tsaka-tsaki shine cakuda ma'adinai da kayan aikin roba a cikin nau'o'i daban-daban, yana haɗuwa da mafi kyawun sigogi fiye da ruwan ma'adinai da ƙananan farashi.
Yadda za a zabi man gearbox
Nemo takarda ko jagorar lantarki don abin hawan ku kuma duba buƙatun TM a wurin. Sa'an nan nemo mai wanda ya cika waɗannan buƙatun kuma zaɓi wanda kuke so mafi kyau. Wasu masu motoci sun fi son ɗaukar TM kawai na samar da waje a ƙarƙashin sanannun sanannun, suna tsoron cewa mai na Rasha ya fi muni a cikin inganci. Amma manyan damuwa, irin su GM, Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi alliance da sauransu, sun amince da mai daga Lukoil da Rosneft, wanda ke nuna babban ingancin TMs daga waɗannan masana'antun.
Mai don watsa mota da hannu
Don haka, don canza man da ke cikin akwati na injina, ba alamar TM ba ce mahimmanci, amma asalinsa, domin idan da gaske ana samar da ruwan da aka saya a masana'antar Rosneft ko Lukoil, to bai fi ruwa da ke ƙarƙashin Shell ba. ko Alamar Wayar hannu.
Magudanar ruwa
Haka kuma ana yin wannan aikin akan dukkan na'urori, amma motocin da ba su da isasshen sarari ana jujjuya su a cikin rami, wucewa ko ɗagawa, kuma motocin da ke da tsaftar ruwa ba sa buƙatar wannan, saboda kuna iya kwance ƙasa zuwa magudanar ruwa ta hannu. toshe
Don zubar da man, ci gaba kamar haka:
dumama akwatin ta hanyar tuƙi mota na tsawon kilomita 3-5, ko barin injin ɗin ya yi aiki na minti 5-10;
- idan ya cancanta, mirgine motar a kan rami, wucewa ko ɗagawa;
- cire kariya daga injin da akwatin gear (idan an shigar);
- canza akwati mai tsabta don karɓar ma'adinai;
- kwance magudanar ruwa;
- jira har sai ruwan sharar gida ya bushe gaba daya;
- idan ya cancanta, maye gurbin O-ring ko toshe;
- Shafa ramin magudanar man fetur da yankin da ke kewaye da shi tare da tsumma mai tsabta;
- dunƙule cikin filogi kuma ƙara matsawa zuwa ƙarfin da aka ba da shawarar.
Wannan jerin ayyuka yana da amfani ga kowane watsawar injiniya, gami da waɗanda aka shigar da bambance-bambance daban-daban (an zubar da mai daga bambancin bisa ga algorithm iri ɗaya). A wasu motocin, babu magudanar ruwa, don haka sai su cire kwanon rufin, kuma idan an makala shi a cikin akwati, sai su sanya sabon gasket ko amfani da sealant.
Cike da sabon ruwa
Ana ba da sabon mai ta hanyar ramin filler, wanda yake don haka, tare da mafi kyawun adadin ruwa, zai kasance a matakin ƙananan gefen wannan rami. Idan saboda wasu dalilai wannan ba zai yiwu ba, alal misali, yana da wuya a kawo sirinji mai cikawa ko tiyo zuwa rami, an buɗe shi don sarrafa matakin, kuma ana ciyar da HM ta hanyar iska (numfashi).
Ana ba da ruwa ga watsawa ta amfani da ɗayan kayan aikin masu zuwa:
- tsarin cikawa;
- tiyo mai jurewa mai tare da mazurari;
- babban sirinji.
Tsarin cikawa bai dace da duk watsawa ba, idan bai dace da wasu akwati ba, dole ne ka shigar da adaftar da ta dace. Tushen mai jure wa mai ya dace da duk watsawa, duk da haka ana buƙatar mutane 2 don wannan cika. Yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da TM tare da sirinji ko da shi kaɗai, amma ba koyaushe ya dace don saka shi a cikin ramin filler ba.
ƙarshe
Canza mai a cikin watsawar hannu yana ƙara tsawon rayuwar akwatin ta hanyar rage lalacewa akan duk sassan shafa. Yanzu kun sani:
- wadanne matakai ya kamata a ɗauka don canza mai a cikin watsawa da hannu;
- yadda za a zabi sabon ruwan watsawa;
- yadda ake hada ma'adinai;
- yadda ake saka sabon man shafawa.
Yin aiki ta wannan hanyar, zaku iya da kansa, ba tare da tuntuɓar sabis ɗin mota ba, canza TM a kowane watsa injina.
