WWW ita ce yankin Balkan na Intanet

The World Wide Web, ko WWW, tun daga farko a zahiri kawai sigar lantarki ce ta allo, littafi, jarida, mujallu, watau. edition na gargajiya, wanda ya ƙunshi shafuka. Fahimtar Intanet a matsayin "directory of sites" ya fara canzawa kwanan nan.

Tun farkon farawa, kuna buƙatar mashigar bincike don bincika gidan yanar gizon. Tarihin waɗannan shirye-shiryen yana da alaƙa da tarihin Intanet. Dinosaurs suna tunawa da Netscape da fafatawa da Microsoft Internet Explorer, da sha'awar Firefox da kuma zuwan Google Chrome. Duk da haka, a cikin shekaru da yawa, motsin zuciyar yaƙe-yaƙe na bincike sun ragu. Masu amfani da wayar tafi da gidanka ba su ma san ko wanne browser ke nuna musu intanet ba, kuma ba ruwansu da gaske. Ya kamata ya yi aiki kuma shi ke nan.

Duk da haka, ko da ba su san abin da suke amfani da browser ba, har yanzu suna amfani da aikace-aikacen da ke samar da Intanet mai tsaka-tsaki ko žasa. Ba za a iya faɗi haka ba ga yawancin sauran ƙa'idodin wayowin komai da ruwan da ke ba da sabis da abubuwan da ke cikin su "a kan" Intanet. Cibiyar sadarwa a nan wani nau'i ne na masana'anta wanda ke haɗa aikace-aikace daban-daban. An kammala tantance Intanet tare da kundin adireshin WWW.

Ɗaukar mataki zuwa gaba da ke faruwa a gaban idanunmu, tare da hanyar sadarwa - a cikin abin da muka matsa ba kawai kusan, amma kuma quite jiki, a cikin thicket na Internet abubuwa - mu kuma mafi sau da yawa sadarwa ba ta hanyar linzamin kwamfuta motsi. dannawa da danna maballin, amma murya, dangane da motsi da motsi. Tsohuwar WWW mai kyau ba ta ɓacewa sosai don ta zama ɗaya daga cikin abubuwa da yawa na rayuwar mu ta zahiri, sabis ɗin da muke amfani da shi a ƙarƙashin wasu yanayi da yanayi. Ba ya zama daidai da Intanet kamar yadda aka fahimta shekaru goma sha biyar da suka gabata.

Ƙarshen zaɓi - lokaci don ƙaddamarwa

Twilight, ko kuma wajen lalata Gidan Yanar Gizo na Duniya, yana da alaƙa da yanayin nesa da shi Rashin tsaka tsaki na Intanet, ko da yake ba lallai ba ne kuma ba daidai ba ne. Kuna iya tunanin WWW wanda ba shi da alaƙa da tsaka tsaki, da Intanet tsaka tsaki ba tare da WWW ba. A yau, duka Google da China suna ba wa masu amfani da sabis waɗanda ke da cikakken ikon sarrafa nau'ikan Intanet ɗin da suke ganin ya fi dacewa da kansu, ko wannan ya kasance sakamakon algorithm na ɗabi'a ko akidar siyasa.

Gasa tamburan burauza

A halin yanzu an ayyana Intanet mai tsaka-tsaki a matsayin buɗaɗɗen sararin samaniya, mahallin dijital wanda ba a keɓance kowa ko kuma a toshe shi ta hanyar gudanarwa. Gidan yanar gizon gargajiya, a gaskiya, ya yi haka. A ka'idar, ana iya samun kowane shafi a cikin injin binciken abun ciki. Tabbas, saboda gasa tsakanin jam'iyyun da kuma, alal misali, algorithms na bincike da Google ya gabatar don sakamako na "mafi mahimmanci", wannan daidaito na ka'idar ya zama mai karfi ... a kan lokaci. Duk da haka, yana da wuya a musanta cewa masu amfani da Intanet sun so wannan da kansu, ba su gamsu da sakamakon binciken da ba a yi ba a farkon kayan aikin gidan yanar gizo.

Masu fafutukar neman yancin kan layi sun fahimci ainihin barazana ga tsaka-tsaki kawai a cikin manyan rufaffiyar rufaffiyar shafukan yanar gizo waɗanda ke kwaikwayon yanayin jama'a, kamar Facebook. Yawancin masu amfani har yanzu suna ɗaukar wannan hanyar sadarwar zamantakewa a matsayin wuri mai tsaka tsaki tare da damar jama'a kyauta ga kowa. Lallai, zuwa wani lokaci, ayyukan, a ce, na jama'a, Facebook ne ke aiwatar da su, amma wannan rukunin yanar gizon a bayyane yake a rufe kuma yana sarrafa shi sosai. Wannan gaskiya ne musamman ga masu amfani da aikace-aikacen wayar hannu ta Facebook. Haka kuma, blue application da ke aiki akan wayoyin hannu ya fara gani da kuma yin tasiri ga sauran bangarorin rayuwar Intanet mai amfani. Wannan duniyar ba ta da alaƙa da ganowa da zabar wuraren da muke son ziyarta, kamar yadda yake a cikin tsohuwar WWW. "Yana" yana sanya kansa, turawa kuma ya zaɓi abun ciki wanda muke so mu gani bisa ga algorithm.

Katangar Intanet

Masana sun kasance suna haɓaka ra'ayi shekaru da yawa yanzu. Balkanization na Intanet. Yawancin lokaci ana bayyana wannan azaman tsarin sake ƙirƙira iyakokin ƙasa da jaha a cikin hanyar sadarwar duniya. Wannan wata alama ce ta koma bayan Gidan Yanar Gizon Duniya a matsayin ra'ayi da aka taɓa fahimta a matsayin cibiyar sadarwa ta duniya, sama da ƙasa wacce ke haɗa dukkan mutane ba tare da hani ba. A maimakon Intanet na duniya, ana samar da Intanet na Jamus, cibiyar sadarwar Japan, sararin samaniyar Chile da sauransu.Gwamnati suna bayyana ayyukan samar da wuta da shingen hanyar sadarwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Wani lokaci muna magana ne game da kariya daga leƙen asiri, wani lokaci game da dokokin gida, wani lokaci game da yaki da abin da ake kira.

Tashar wutar da hukumomin China da Rasha ke amfani da su sun riga sun shahara a duniya. Duk da haka, wasu ƙasashe suna shiga cikin waɗanda ke shirye don gina iyakoki da madatsun ruwa. Misali, Jamus tana fafutukar ganin an samar da wata hanyar sadarwa ta Turai wacce za ta ketare kogin Amurka tare da hana sa ido daga sanannun Amurkawa. Hukumar Tsaro ta Kasa ta Kotun Koli ta Gudanarwa kuma mafi karancin saninta Takwaransa na Burtaniya - GCHQ. Angela Merkel kwanan nan ta yi magana game da bukatar yin shawarwari "musamman tare da masu ba da sabis na hanyar sadarwa na Turai waɗanda za su tabbatar da amincin 'yan ƙasarmu don kada a aika imel da sauran bayanai a cikin Tekun Atlantika kuma za a iya gina hanyar sadarwa." cikin Turai."

A gefe guda kuma, a Brazil, a cewar wani bayani da aka buga kwanan nan a jaridar IEEE Spectrum, shugaban kasar, Dilma Rousseff, ya ce yana so ya shimfida " igiyoyin karkashin ruwa wadanda ba za su bi ta Amurka ba."

Tabbas, duk waɗannan ana yin su ne a ƙarƙashin taken kare 'yan ƙasa daga sa ido daga ayyukan Amurka. Matsalar ita ce keɓance zirga-zirgar zirga-zirgar ku daga sauran hanyar sadarwar ba ta da alaƙa da ainihin ra'ayin Intanet a matsayin buɗe, tsaka tsaki, gidan yanar gizo na duniya. Kuma kamar yadda gogewa ta nuna, hatta daga kasar Sin, yin katsalandan, sarrafawa da hana 'yanci a koyaushe suna tafiya tare da "shinge" na Intanet.

Daga hagu zuwa dama: wanda ya kafa Taskar Intanet - Brewster Kahle, mahaifin Intanet - Vint Cerf kuma mahaliccin cibiyar sadarwa - Tim Berners-Lee.

Ana amfani da mutane

Tim Berners-Lee, wanda ya kirkiro sabis na yanar gizo kuma daya daga cikin masu ba da shawara na tsaka-tsakin tsaka tsaki da budewa, ya ce a cikin wata hira da manema labarai a watan Nuwamban da ya gabata cewa mutum zai iya jin yanayin "marasa kyau" akan Intanet. A ra'ayinsa, wannan yana barazana ga hanyar sadarwa ta duniya, da kuma tallace-tallace da kuma ƙoƙari na tsaka tsaki. ambaliya na bayanan karya da farfaganda.

Berners-Lee wani bangare ya zargi manyan dandamali na dijital kamar Google da Facebook don yada rashin fahimta. Suna ƙunshe da hanyoyin rarraba abun ciki da talla ta yadda za a jawo hankalin masu amfani.

 ya ja hankalin mahaliccin shafin.

Wannan tsarin bashi da alaka da xa'a, gaskiya ko dimokuradiyya. Hankali mai da hankali shine fasaha a kanta, kuma dacewa kanta ya zama babban abin da aka mayar da hankali, wanda ke fassara zuwa ko dai samun kudin shiga ko kuma boye manufofin siyasa. Don haka ne Rashawa suka sayi tallace-tallacen da aka yi niyya ga masu jefa kuri'a na Amurka a Facebook, Google da Twitter. Kamar yadda kamfanonin bincike daga baya suka ruwaito, incl. Cambridge Analytica, miliyoyin mutane za a iya amfani da su ta wannan hanyar "microtargeting halayya".

 Berners-Lee ya tuna. A ra'ayinsa, wannan ba haka yake ba, domin a kowane mataki akwai mutane masu iko waɗanda ke sarrafa damar shiga yanar gizo kyauta ta hanyoyi da dama kuma a lokaci guda suna haifar da barazana ga sababbin abubuwa.