VAZ

Abun ciki Wanda ya kafaEmblemTarihin alamar mota a cikin samfura Tarihin alamar mota ta Lada ta fara ne da babbar masana'antar kera motoci ta Avtovaz OJSC. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin manyan kamfanonin kera motoci a Rasha da Turai. A yau ana sarrafa kasuwancin Renault-Nissan da Rostec. A lokacin wanzuwar sha'anin, game da miliyan 30 motoci aka hallara, da kuma yawan model ne game da 50. Haɓakawa da sakin sababbin ƙirar mota ya kasance babban al'amari a cikin tarihin kera motoci. Wanda ya kafa A zamanin Soviet, babu motoci da yawa akan tituna. Daga cikin su akwai Pobeda da Moskvich, wanda ba kowane iyali zai iya ba. Tabbas, ana buƙatar irin wannan samarwa wanda zai iya samar da adadin abin hawa. Wannan ya sa shugabannin jam'iyyar Soviet suyi tunani game da samar da sabon giant na masana'antar kera motoci. 20 Yuli 1966 Jagorancin USSR ya yanke shawarar cewa ya zama dole don gina tashar mota a Tolyatti. Wannan rana ta zama ranar kafuwar daya daga cikin shugabannin masana'antar kera motoci ta kasar Rasha. Domin masana'antar kera motoci ta bayyana cikin sauri kuma ta fara aiki yadda ya kamata, shugabannin kasar sun yanke shawarar cewa ya zama dole a jawo hankalin kwararrun kasashen waje. An zaɓi alamar motar Italiya ta FIAT, wadda ta shahara a Turai, a matsayin mai ba da shawara. Don haka, a cikin 1966 wannan damuwa ya saki FIAT 124, wanda ya karbi lakabin "Motar na Shekara". Alamar motar ta zama tushen, wanda sannan ya kafa motocin gida na farko. Girman ginin Komsomol na shuka ya yi girma. An fara gina masana'antar a shekarar 1967. Kayayyakin ga sabon masana'antu giant aka yi ta ma'aikata na 844 Enterprises na Tarayyar Soviet da 900 kasashen waje. An kammala aikin ginin motar mota a lokacin rikodin - shekaru 3,5 maimakon shekaru 6. A cikin 1970 Kamfanin ya samar da motoci 6 - Vaz 2101 Zhiguli. Alamar Alamar Lada ta sami sauye-sauye cikin lokaci. Na farko da aka sani version ya bayyana a cikin 1970. Tambarin ya kasance rook, wanda aka yi masa salo kamar harafin "B", wanda ke nufin "VAZ". Wasikar tana cikin jajayen pentagon. Marubucin wannan tambari shine Alexander Dekalenkov, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mai gina jiki. Daga baya. a cikin 1974, pentagon ya zama quadrilateral, kuma ja bayansa ya ɓace., An maye gurbinsa da baki. A yau, alamar ta yi kama da haka: a cikin wani oval a kan blue (blue) baya akwai jirgin ruwa na azurfa a cikin nau'i na harafin gargajiya "B", wanda aka tsara ta hanyar azurfa. An gyara wannan tambarin tun 2002. Tarihin alamar mota a cikin samfura Don haka, motar farko a tarihin shugaban Soviet shuka ita ce Zhiguli VAZ-2101, wacce aka fi sani da Kopeyka. A zane na mota ya kasance kama da FIAT-124. Wani fasali na musamman na motar shine cikakkun bayanai na samar da gida. A cewar masana, yana da kusan 800 bambance-bambance daga samfurin kasashen waje. An sanye shi da ganguna, an ƙara ƙaddamar da ƙasa, irin waɗannan sassa kamar jiki da dakatarwa sun ƙarfafa. Wannan ya ba da damar motar ta dace da yanayin hanya da canjin yanayin zafi. Motar tana da injin carburetor, tare da zaɓuɓɓukan wutar lantarki guda biyu: 64 da 69 dawakai. Gudun da wannan samfurin zai iya haɓaka ya kai 142 da 148 km / h, yana haɓaka zuwa kilomita ɗari a cikin ƙasa da daƙiƙa 20. Tabbas, motar tana buƙatar ingantawa. Wannan motar ta nuna alamar farkon jerin Classic. Sakinsa ya ci gaba har zuwa 1988. A cikin duka, a cikin tarihin sakin wannan motar, kimanin 5 miliyan sedan a cikin duk gyare-gyare sun birgima daga layin taron. Na biyu mota - Vaz-2101 - ya bayyana a 1972. Shi ne na zamani kwafin Vaz-2101, amma raya-dabaran drive. Bugu da kari, akwati na mota ya zama mafi fili. A lokaci guda kuma, samfurin VAZ-2103 ya bayyana a kasuwa, wanda aka riga aka fitar kuma aka kira Lada 1500. Wannan mota tana da injin lita 1,5, karfinta ya kai doki 77. Motar ta iya yin sauri zuwa 152 km / h, kuma ta kai 100 km / h a cikin 16 seconds. Hakan ya sa motar ta yi takara a kasuwannin waje. An gyara jikin motar da robobi, sannan an kuma bullo da na'urar hana amo. A cikin shekaru 12 na samar da Vaz-2103 manufacturer ya samar da fiye da miliyan 1,3 motoci. Tun 1976 Togliatti Automobile Shuka ya fito da wani sabon model - Vaz-2106. ake kira "shida". Wannan mota ta zama mafi shahara a zamaninta. Injin motar ya kasance lita 1,6, ƙarfin dawakai 75 ne. Motar ta ci gaba da gudu har zuwa 152 km / h. "Shida" sun sami sabbin abubuwa na waje, gami da sigina na jujjuyawa, da kuma gasasshen iska. Siffar wannan ƙirar ita ce kasancewar na'urar wanki mai ɗaure da sitiyari, da ƙararrawa. Hakanan an sami alamar matakin ƙaramar ruwan birki, da kuma rheostat mai haske dashboard. A cikin waɗannan gyare-gyare na "shida", an riga an sami rediyo, fitulun hazo, da na'urar tagar baya. Na gaba shahararriyar mota samar da Togliatti shuka shi ne Vaz-2121 ko Niva SUV. Samfurin ya kasance mai tuƙin ƙafar ƙafa, yana da injin lita 1,6, da kuma injin firam ɗin. Akwatin gear ɗin motar ya zama mai sauri huɗu. Motar ta zama fitarwa. An sayar da kashi 50 cikin XNUMX na sassan da aka samar a kasuwannin waje. A cikin 1978 a Brno a nunin kasa da kasa, an gane wannan samfurin a matsayin mafi kyau. Bugu da kari, Vaz-2121 aka saki a cikin wani musamman version tare da 1,3-lita engine, da kuma dama-hannun fitarwa version kuma bayyana. 1979 zuwa 2010 "AvtoVAZ" ya samar da Vaz-2105. Mota ya zama magaji Vaz-2101. Dangane da sabon samfurin, Vaz-2107 da Vaz-2104 za a sake su. A karshe mota daga Classic iyali da aka samar a 1984. Sun zama Vaz-2107. Bambance-bambance daga VAZ-2105 sun kasance fitilolin mota, sabon nau'in bumpers, gasa mai iska da kaho. Bugu da ƙari, wurin zama na mota ya zama mafi dadi. Motar dai tana dauke da na’urar daukar hoto da aka sabunta, da kuma na’urar sarrafa iska mai sanyi. Tun 1984 fara Vaz-210 "Samara", wanda shi ne mai uku kofa hatchback. Samfurin an sanye shi da injin silinda hudu a cikin zaɓuɓɓukan girma uku - 1,1. .3 da 1,5, wanda zai iya zama allura ko carburetor. Motar na gaba ne. Restyling na baya model ne Vaz-2109 Sputnik, wanda ya karbi 5 kofofin. Ita kuma motar tuƙi ta gaba. Misali biyu na ƙarshe sun jimre da yanayin rashin kyawun hanya. A karshe model na Soviet zamanin shi ne Vaz-21099, wanda shi ne wani hudu kofa sedan. A shekarar 1995 AvtoVAZ fito da latest post-Soviet model - VAZ-2110, ko "goma". Motar tana cikin shirye-shiryen tun 1989, amma a cikin lokuta masu wahala na rikicin, ba a iya sakin ta ba. Motar da aka sanye take da wani inji a cikin iri biyu: 8-bawul 1,5-lita da 79 horsepower ko 16-bawul 1,6-lita da 92 horsepower. Wannan motar ta dangin Samara ce. Har zuwa fitowar LADA Priora, da yawa da aka sake fasalin “dinbin” tare da jikkuna daban-daban: hatchback, coupe da wagon wagon. A shekarar 2007, da mota shuka samar Vaz-2115, wanda shi ne wani hudu kofa sedan. Wannan shi ne mai karɓar VAZ-21099, amma an riga an sanye shi da mai lalata, ƙarin hasken birki. Bugu da kari, an zana ginshiƙan don dacewa da kalar motar, akwai madaidaitan ƙofa, sabbin fitulun wutsiya. Da farko, da mota yana da wani carburetor engine 1,5 da kuma 1,6 lita. A cikin 2000 An sake gyara motar da na'urar wutar lantarki tare da allurar mai da aka rarraba. A cikin 1998 Ya fara samar da minivans na cikin gida samar - Vaz-2120. Samfurin yana da dandali mai tsayi kuma ya kasance tuƙi. Duk da haka, irin wannan na'ura ba a buƙata ba kuma samar da shi ya ƙare. A shekarar 1999, na gaba model ya bayyana - "Lada-Kalina", wanda aka ci gaba tun 1993. Da farko, an fara wasan farko tare da jikin hatchback, sannan aka saki sedan da wagon tasha. Na gaba ƙarni na Lada Kalina motoci da aka samar tun Yuli 2007. Yanzu Kalina sanye take da wani 1,4 lita engine da 16 bawuloli. A watan Satumba, motar ta karbi tsarin ASB. Motar ta kasance ana gyare-gyare akai-akai. Tun 2008 Kashi 75 na hannun jari na AvtoVAZ ya zama mallakar Renault-Nissan Corporation. Bayan shekara guda, masana'antar mota ta sami matsala mai yawa na kuɗi, an rage yawan samarwa da sau 2. 25 biliyan rubles aka kasaftawa a matsayin jihar goyon baya, da kuma model kewayon Togliatti sha'anin da aka kunshe a cikin jihar shirin domin subsidizing mota lamuni rates. Renault a wancan lokacin ya ba da damar kera motocin Lada, Renault da Nissan a kan tushen kasuwancin. Tuni a cikin Disamba 2012, an kafa haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Renault da Rostec na jihar, wanda ya fara mallakar fiye da kashi 76 na hannun jari na AvtoVAZ. Mayu 2011 An yi alama ta hanyar sakin motar kasafin kudin LADA Granta, wacce aka dogara akan motar Kalina. Tun 2013 aka fara gyarawa da jikin dagawa. Motar da aka sanye da injin mai tare da allurar mai rarraba, wanda girmansa shine lita 1,6. An gabatar da samfurin a cikin bambance-bambancen iko guda uku: 87, 98, 106 horsepower. Motar ta sami akwatin gear atomatik. Samfurin na gaba shine Lada Largus. An kera motar a nau'ikan guda uku: motar daukar kaya, keken tasha da karusar da ke da karfin iko. Zaɓuɓɓuka biyu na ƙarshe na iya zama ko dai 5 ko 7-seater. A yau, layin Lada ya ƙunshi iyalai biyar: motar tashar Largus, da Kalina liftback da sedan, da kuma samfurin 4x4 mai kofa uku ko biyar. Duk injina suna bin ƙa'idodin muhalli na Turai.