Tarihin motar Lada

Tarihin alamar motar Lada ya fara ne da wani babban kamfanin kera motoci OJSC Avtovaz. Wannan shine ɗayan manyan masana'antun kera motoci a Rasha da Turai. A yau kamfanin yana sarrafa Renault-Nissan da Rostec. 

A yayin wanzuwar kamfanin, kimanin motoci miliyan 30 aka tara, kuma yawan samfura kusan 50. Bunkasa da sakin sabbin motocin ya zama babban lamari a tarihin kera motoci. 

Founder

A zamanin Soviet, babu motoci da yawa a kan tituna. Daga cikin su akwai Pobeda da Moskvich, wanda ba kowace iyalai zata iya biya ba. Tabbas, irin wannan samarwar an buƙata wanda zai iya samar da adadin abin hawa da ake buƙata. Wannan ya sa shugabannin jam'iyyar Soviet suka yi tunanin ƙirƙirar sabon katafaren masana'antar kera motoci.

A ranar 20 ga Yuli, 1966, jagorancin USSR ya yanke shawarar cewa ya zama dole a gina masana'antar kera motoci a Togliatti. Wannan rana ta zama ranar da aka kafa ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin masana'antar kera motoci ta Rasha. 

Domin masana'antar kera motoci ta bayyana da sauri kuma ta fara aiki yadda ya kamata, shugabancin kasar ya yanke shawarar cewa ya zama dole a jawo kwararru na kasashen waje. An zaɓi kamfanin FIAT na kamfanin Italiya wanda ya shahara a Turai, a matsayin mai ba da shawara. Don haka, a cikin 1966 wannan damuwar ta fito da FIAT 124, wacce ta karɓi taken "Motar Shekara". Alamar motar ta zama tushe wanda daga baya ya samar da motocin gida na farko.

Girman ginin Komsomol na shuka ya yi girma. Ginin ginin ya fara ne a shekara ta 1967. Kayan aikin sabon masana'antar masana'antu an kera shi ta hanyar ma'aikatan kamfanoni 844 na USSR da 900 na kasashen waje. An kammala aikin ginin motar mota a lokacin rikodin - shekaru 3,5 maimakon shekaru 6. A shekarar 1970, da mota shuka samar 6 motoci - VAZ 2101 Zhiguli. 

Alamar

Alamar Lada ta sami canje-canje a kan lokaci. Sigar da aka sani na farko ta bayyana a cikin 1970. Alamar ta kasance rook, wanda aka fasalta shi a matsayin harafin "B", wanda ke nufin "VAZ". Harafin yana cikin jan Pentagon. Marubucin wannan tambarin shi ne Alexander Dekalenkov, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin mai ginin jiki. Daga baya. a cikin 1974, Pentagon ya zama mai murabba'i huɗu, kuma asalinsa mai ja ya ɓace kuma an maye gurbinsa da baƙin fata. A yau tambarin yana kama da wannan: a cikin oval kan bangon shuɗi (shuɗi mai haske) akwai jirgin ruwan azurfa a cikin nau'in harafin gargajiyar "B", wanda aka ƙera shi da ƙirar azurfa. Wannan tambarin an kafe shi tun shekara ta 2002.

Tarihin kamfanin motoci a cikin samfuran

Don haka, na farko a cikin tarihin shugaban Soviet shuka ya fito da mota "Zhiguli" VAZ-2101, wanda kuma ya karbi sunan "Kopeyka" a cikin mutane. A zane na mota ya kasance kama da FIAT-124. Wani fasali na musamman na motar shine cikakkun bayanai na samar da gida. A cewar masana, yana da kusan 800 bambance-bambance daga samfurin kasashen waje. An sanye shi da ganguna, an ƙara ƙaddamar da ƙasa, irin waɗannan sassa kamar jiki da dakatarwa sun ƙarfafa. Wannan ya ba da damar motar ta dace da yanayin hanya da canjin yanayin zafi. Motar tana da injin carburetor, tare da zaɓuɓɓukan wutar lantarki guda biyu: 64 da 69 dawakai. Gudun da wannan samfurin zai iya haɓaka ya kai 142 da 148 km / h, yana haɓaka zuwa kilomita ɗari a cikin ƙasa da daƙiƙa 20. Tabbas, motar tana buƙatar ingantawa. Wannan motar ta nuna alamar farkon jerin Classic. Sakinta ya ci gaba har zuwa 1988. Gabaɗaya, a cikin tarihin sakin wannan motar, kusan sedan miliyan 5 a duk gyare-gyaren da aka yi birgima daga layin taron.

Na biyu mota - Vaz-2101 - ya bayyana a 1972. Yana da wani zamani kwafin Vaz-2101, amma raya-dabaran drive. Bugu da kari, akwati na mota ya zama mafi fili.

A lokaci guda, samfurin da ya fi karfi VAZ-2103 ya bayyana a kasuwa, wanda tuni aka fitar dashi kuma aka sa masa suna Lada 1500. Wannan motar tana da injin mai lita 1,5, karfin ta ya kasance mai karfin 77. Motar ta iya hanzarta zuwa 152 km / h, kuma ta isa 100 km / h cikin sakan 16. Wannan ya sanya motar ta zama gasa a cikin kasuwar ƙasashen waje. An gyara akwatin motar da filastik, kuma an kuma shigar da muryar kara. A tsawon shekaru 12 na kera VAZ-2103, kamfanin ya kera motoci sama da miliyan 1,3.

Tun 1976 Togliatti Automobile Shuka fito da wani sabon model - Vaz-2106. ake kira "shida". Wannan mota ta zama mafi shahara a zamaninta. Injin motar ya kasance lita 1,6, ƙarfin dawakai 75 ne. Motar ta ci gaba da gudu har zuwa 152 km / h. "Shida" sun sami sabbin abubuwa na waje, gami da sigina na jujjuya, da kuma gasasshen iska. Siffar wannan ƙirar ita ce kasancewar na'urar wanki mai ɗaure da sitiyari, da ƙararrawa. Hakanan an sami alamar matakin ƙaramar ruwan birki, da kuma rheostat ɗin dashboard mai haske. A cikin waɗannan gyare-gyare na "shida", an riga an sami rediyo, fitulun hazo, da na'urar tagar baya.

Sanannen sanannen mota na gaba wanda masana'antar Togliatti ta samar shi ne VAZ-2121 ko Niva SUV. Samfurin ya kasance duk-dabaran motsa jiki, yana da injin lita 1,6 da katako na firam. Jirgin motar ya zama mai sauri huɗu. Motar ta zama fitarwa. An sayar da kashi 50 cikin 1978 na rukunin da aka samar a kasuwar waje. A cikin 2121 a Brno a baje kolin ƙasashen duniya an gano wannan ƙirar a matsayin mafi kyau. Bugu da kari, VAZ-1,3 an sake shi a cikin sigar ta musamman tare da injin lita XNUMX, kuma sigar fitarwa ta hannun dama kuma ta bayyana.

1979 zuwa 2010 AvtoVAZ ya samar da VAZ-2105. Motar ta zama magajin VAZ-2101. Bisa ga sabon ƙirar, VAZ-2107 da VAZ-2104 sannan za a sake su.

Mota ta ƙarshe daga dangin "Classic" an ƙirƙira ta a cikin 1984. Ya kasance VAZ-2107. Bambance-bambance daga VAZ-2105 sun kunshi fitilun wuta, bumpers na sabon nau'in, gasa iska da hood. Bugu da kari, kujerar motar motar ta zama mai sauki. Motar ta kasance cike da dashboard na zamani, da kuma sanyaya iska mai sanyi.

Tun 1984, Vaz-210 Samara fara, wanda shi ne mai uku kofa hatchback. Samfurin an sanye shi da injin silinda hudu a cikin zaɓuɓɓukan girma uku - 1,1. .3 da 1,5, wanda zai iya zama allura ko carburetor. Motar na gaba ne. 

Sake siyar da samfurin da ya gabata shine VAZ-2109 "Sputnik", wanda ya karɓi kofofi 5. Har ila yau, motar motar motsa jiki ce ta gaba.

Misali biyu na ƙarshe sun jimre da yanayin rashin kyawun hanya.

Misali na ƙarshe na zamanin Soviet shine VAZ-21099, wanda ke buɗe ƙofofi huɗu. 

A shekarar 1995, "AvtoVAZ" saki na karshe post-Soviet model - Vaz-2110, ko "goma". Motar tana cikin shirye-shiryen tun 1989, amma a cikin lokuta masu wahala na rikicin, ba a iya sakin ta ba. Motar da aka sanye take da wani inji a cikin iri biyu: 8-bawul 1,5-lita da 79 horsepower ko 16-bawul 1,6-lita da 92 horsepower. Wannan motar ta dangin Samara ce.

Har zuwa fitowar LADA Priora, da yawa da aka sake fasalin “dinbin” tare da jikkuna daban-daban: hatchback, coupe da wagon wagon.

A shekara ta 2007, masana'antar kera motoci ta saki VAZ-2115, wacce ta kasance shinge mai kofa huɗu. Wannan mai karɓar VAZ-21099 ne, amma an riga an sanye shi da mai lalata, ƙarin hasken birki. Bugu da kari, an zana bumpers din don dacewa da kalar motar, ingantattun siket din gefe da sabbin fitilun baya sun bayyana. Da farko, motar tana da injin carburetor lita 1,5 da 1,6. A shekara ta 2000, motar ta sake samun kayan aiki tare da naurar wuta tare da allurar mai mai yawa.

A shekarar 1998, an fara samar da minivans na samar da gida - Vaz-2120. Samfurin yana da dandali mai tsayi kuma ya kasance tuƙi. Duk da haka, irin wannan na'ura ba a buƙata ba kuma samar da shi ya ƙare.

A shekara ta 1999, samfurin na gaba ya bayyana - "Lada-Kalina", wanda aka haɓaka tun 1993. Da farko, an fara halarta tare da jikin hatchback, sa'an nan kuma an saki sedan da wagon tashar. 

An samar da ƙarni na gaba na motocin Lada-Kalina tun daga watan Yulin 2007. Yanzu Kalina an sanye ta da injin mai lita 1,4 da bawul 16. A watan Satumba, motar ta karɓi tsarin ASB. Motar da aka kullum gyara.

Tun daga 2008, kashi 75 cikin 2 na hannun jarin kamfanin AvtoVAZ mallakar Renault-Nissan ne. Bayan shekara guda, masana'antar kera motoci ta sami babban matsalar kudi, an rage samar da abubuwa sau 25. A matsayin tallafi na ƙasa, an ware dala biliyan 2012, kuma an haɗa keɓaɓɓiyar ƙirar kamfanin Togliatti a cikin shirin jihar don rarar kuɗin ƙimar mota. Kamfanin Renault a wancan lokacin ya ba da shawarar kera motocin Lada, Renault da Nissan bisa tsarin kamfanin. Tuni a cikin Disamba 76, an ƙirƙiri wani haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Renault da kamfanin jihar Rostec, wanda ya fara mallakar sama da kashi XNUMX na hannun jarin kamfanin AvtoVAZ.

Mayu 2011 ya kasance cikin fitowar motar kasafin kuɗi LADA Granta, wanda ya dogara da motar Kalina. Tun daga 2013, sake farawa tare da jikin dagawa ya fara. Motar tana sanye da injin mai tare da allurar mai, wanda girman sa ya kai lita 1,6. An gabatar da samfurin a cikin bambancin iko uku: 87, 98, 106 horsepower. Motar ta karbi gearbox na atomatik.

Samfurin na gaba shine Lada Largus. An kera motar a nau'ikan guda uku: motar daukar kaya, keken tasha da karusar da ke da karfin iko. Zaɓuɓɓuka biyu na ƙarshe na iya zama ko dai 5 ko 7-seater. 

A yau layin Lada ya ƙunshi iyalai biyar: motar amalanken Largus, Kalina lifback da sedan, da ƙirar ƙofa uku ko biyar 4x4. Duk injuna suna bin ƙa'idodin muhalli na Turai. Ana kuma shirya sabbin samfura don saki.