Duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da baturan abin hawa na lantarki
Ko da yake akwai nau'ikan batura masu yawa, batir lithium-ion sune mafi yawan amfani da motocin lantarki. Hakika ita ce babbar fasaha a kasuwa, musamman ta fuskar aiki da karko.
Samar da batir ya kasance mai zaman kansa ba tare da haɗa abubuwan hawa ba: ana haɗa wasu motoci a Faransa, amma ana samar da batir ɗin su da yawa, kamar na Renault Zoé.
A cikin wannan labarin, La Belle Battery yana ba ku alamun fahimta yadda ake samar da batura na motocin lantarki da kuma ta wa.
Masu kera batir
Kamfanonin kera motoci da kansu ba sa kera batir ɗin motocinsu masu amfani da wutar lantarki, suna aiki da manyan kamfanoni na haɗin gwiwa, waɗanda galibi suna cikin Asiya.
Akwai samfura daban-daban dangane da masana'anta:
- Haɗin gwiwa tare da ƙwararren masana'antu
Masu kera kamar Renault, BMW, PSA da ma Kia suna juyawa zuwa kamfanoni na ɓangare na uku waɗanda ke yin sel ko ma na'urori don batir ɗin su. Duk da haka, waɗannan masu kera motoci sun fi son haɗa batura da kansu a cikin masana'antar su: kawai suna shigo da sel.
Babban abokan haɗin gwiwar masana'anta sune LG Chem, Panasonic da Samsung SDI... Waɗannan kamfanoni ne na Asiya waɗanda kwanan nan suka buɗe masana'antu a Turai don rufe gibin ƙasa: LG Chem a Poland da Samsung SDI da SK Innovation a Hungary. Wannan yana ba da damar kawo wurin samar da sel kusa da wuraren taro da kera batura.
Misali, na Renault Zoé, ana kera ƙwayoyin batir ɗinsa ne a ƙasar Poland a cibiyar LG Chem, kuma ana kera batirin kuma ana haɗa shi a Faransa a kamfanin Renault's Flains.
Wannan kuma ya shafi ID na Volkswagen.3 da e-Golf, wanda LG Chem ke samar da sel, amma ana yin batir a Jamus.
- 100% nasu samarwa
Wasu masana'antun suna zaɓar kera batir ɗin su daga A zuwa Z, daga ƙirƙira tantanin halitta zuwa haɗa baturi. Wannan shi ne yanayin Nissan, wanda Nissan AESC ne ke ƙera ƙwayoyin ganye. (AESC: Automotive Energy Supply Corporation, haɗin gwiwa tsakanin Nissan da NEC). Ana samar da sel da kayayyaki kuma ana haɗa batura a masana'antar Burtaniya a Sunderland.
- Samar da gida, amma a shafuka masu yawa
Daga cikin masana'antun da suka fi son kera batir a cikin gida, wasu sun zaɓi tsarin tsaga a masana'antu daban-daban. Tesla, alal misali, yana da masana'antar sarrafa batir: Gigafactory, dake Nevada, Amurka. Sel da na'urorin baturi da Tesla da Panasonic suka ƙera ana kera su a cikin wannan shuka. Hakanan ana kera batirin Tesla Model 3 kuma an haɗa su, yana haifar da tsari guda ɗaya, daidaitacce.
Ana hada motocin lantarki na Tesla a masana'antar Fremont da ke California.
Yaya ake yin batura?
Samar da batura don motocin lantarki yana faruwa a matakai da yawa. Na farko shine hakar albarkatun kasa da ake buƙata don ƙirƙirar abubuwa: lithium, nickel, cobalt, aluminum ko manganese... Bayan haka, masana'antun suna da alhakin samar da sel batir da abubuwan da suka shafi: anode, cathode da electrolyte.
Bayan wannan mataki ana iya samar da baturin sannan a hada shi. Mataki na ƙarshe - hada motar lantarki mai ginanniyar baturi.
A ƙasa zaku sami bayanan da aka fitar ta Energy Stream yana ba da cikakken bayani game da duk matakan samar da baturi don abin hawa na lantarki, da kuma gano manyan masana'anta da masana'anta na kowane mataki.
Wannan infographic kuma yana magana ne game da al'amuran zamantakewa da muhalli da ke da alaƙa da samar da batura, musamman tare da matakin farko, wanda shine hakar albarkatun ƙasa.
Tabbas, a cikin yanayin rayuwar motar lantarki, mataki ne na samarwa wanda ke da tasiri mafi girma ga muhalli. Wasun ku na iya yin mamaki: Shin motar lantarki ta fi ƙazanta fiye da takwarorinta na zafi? Jin kyauta don duba labarinmu, zaku sami wasu amsoshi.
Ƙirƙirar baturi
A yau, masu kera motoci sun fi sanin motocin lantarki da batura, wanda ya ba su damar haɓaka fasahohi da yawa. Don haka, batura sun fi inganci kuma suna iya ƙara ƙarfin ikon mallakar motocin lantarki.
A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, an sami babban ci gaba kuma kamfanoni suna ci gaba da bincike don ƙara inganta waɗannan fasahohin baturi.
Lokacin da muke magana game da ƙirar baturi, tabbas muna tunanin Tesla, majagaba a fannin motocin lantarki.
Kamfanin ya haɓaka da gaske lamba nsabon ƙarni na sel mai suna "4680", Ya fi girma kuma mafi inganci fiye da Tesla Model 3 / X. Elon Musk ba ya so ya gamsu da abin da aka riga aka samu, kamar yadda Tesla ke shirin samar da batura masu gurbata yanayi, musamman, ta amfani da nickel da silicon maimakon cobalt. da lithium.
Kamfanoni daban-daban a duniya a halin yanzu suna haɓaka sabbin batura na motocin lantarki, ko dai suna haɓaka fasahar lithium-ion ko kuma ba da wasu maye gurbin da ba sa buƙatar ƙarfe mai nauyi. Masu bincike suna tunani musamman game da batura a ciki lithium-air, lithium-sulfur ko graphene.
