Bawul mai shiga
Abubuwa
A cikin wannan fitowar za mu yi magana game da shaye-shaye da shaye-shaye, duk da haka, kafin mu shiga cikakkun bayanai, za mu sanya waɗannan abubuwan cikin mahallin don ƙarin fahimta. Injin yana buƙatar hanyar da za ta rarraba iskar gas ɗin da ake ci da shaye-shaye, don sarrafawa da motsa su ta cikin ma'auni zuwa ma'aunin abin da ake amfani da shi, ɗakin konewa da kuma yawan iskar gas. Ana samun wannan ta hanyar jerin hanyoyin da ke samar da tsarin da ake kira rarrabawa.
Injin konewa na ciki yana buƙatar cakuda mai-iska, wanda, lokacin da ya ƙone, yana tafiyar da hanyoyin injin. A cikin manifold, ana tace iska kuma a aika zuwa wurin da ake amfani da shi, inda ake auna cakuda man fetur ta hanyar tsarin kamar carburetor ko allura.
Cakudar da aka gama ta shiga ɗakin konewa, inda wannan iskar gas ke ƙonewa kuma, ta haka, tana canza makamashin thermal zuwa makamashin injina. Bayan an kammala aikin, ya zama dole cewa samfuran konewa su bar ɗakin kuma su ba da damar sake zagayowar. Don haɓaka wannan tsari, injin dole ne ya sarrafa ci da shayar da iskar gas a cikin kowane silinda, ana samun wannan tare da ci gaba da bawul ɗin shaye-shaye, waɗanda ke da alhakin buɗewa da rufe tashoshi a daidai lokacin.
ZAGIN INJI
Aikin injin bugun bugun jini ya ƙunshi matakai huɗu:
SHIGA
A wannan mataki, bawul ɗin sha yana buɗewa don barin iska daga waje, wanda ke haifar da faɗuwar piston, da motsin sandar haɗi da crankshaft.
TAMBAYA
A wannan mataki, ana rufe bawul ɗin sha da shaye-shaye. Lokacin da crankshaft ya juya, sanda mai haɗawa da piston ya tashi, wannan yana ba da damar iskar da aka yi wa allurar a cikin matakin sha don ƙara yawan matsa lamba, a ƙarshen matsawa bugun jini da kuma iska mai matsa lamba.
WUTA
A kan bugun wutar lantarki, fistan ya fara saukowa yayin da matsewar iska/man gas ke kunna wuta ta hanyar walƙiya, yana haifar da fashewa a cikin ɗakin konewa.
SAKI
A ƙarshe, a wannan mataki, crankshaft yana juya zuwa dama, ta haka yana motsa sandar haɗi ta yadda piston zai iya komawa sama yayin da bawul ɗin shayarwa yana buɗewa, kuma yana ba da damar iskar gas mai ƙonewa ta hanyarsa.
MENENE WUTA MAI SHIGA DA TSORO?
Bawuloli masu shiga da fitarwa abubuwa ne waɗanda aikinsu shine sarrafa ruwa ko iskar gas; wadanda aka yi amfani da su wajen sha da shayarwar injin bugun bugun jini yawanci su ne wuraren zama.
Menene aikin waɗannan bawuloli? Valves su ne ainihin sassan injin kuma suna yin ayyuka huɗu masu mahimmanci a cikin aikin injin:
- Toshe sassan kwarara.
- Ikon musayar iskar gas.
- Silinda mai hatimi da aka rufe.
- Ragewar zafi da aka sha daga konewar iskar gas, canja shi zuwa abubuwan shigar da wurin zama na bawul da jagororin bawul. A yanayin zafi har zuwa 800ºC, kowane bawul yana buɗewa kuma yana rufe har zuwa sau 70 a sakan daya kuma yana jure matsakaicin nauyin nauyin miliyan 300 akan rayuwar injin.
Ayyuka
RUWAN INLET
Bawul ɗin da ake amfani da shi yana yin aikin haɗa nau'in nau'in abun ciki zuwa silinda dangane da lokacin rarrabawa. A matsayinka na mai mulki, an yi su ne da ƙarfe ɗaya kawai, ƙarfe tare da chromium da ƙazantattun silicon, wanda ke ba da kyakkyawan juriya ga zafi da aiki. Wasu wurare na karfe, kamar wurin zama, kara, da kai, yawanci ana taurare don rage lalacewa. Sanyaya wannan bawul yana faruwa ne saboda haɗuwa da cakuda man fetur-iska, wanda ke watsar da zafinsa da yawa, a matsayin mai mulki, idan aka haɗu da tushe, kuma zafin aiki ya kai 200-300 ° C.
WUTA MAI WUTA
Bawul ɗin shaye-shaye yana cikin hulɗa akai-akai tare da iskar gas a yanayin zafi sosai, don haka dole ne su kasance da ƙira mafi ƙarfi fiye da bawul ɗin ci.
Zafin da aka tara a cikin bawul yana fitowa ta wurin zama ta hanyar 75%, ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa ya kai zafin jiki na 800 ºC. Saboda aikinsa na musamman, wannan bawul ɗin dole ne a yi shi da abubuwa daban-daban, kai da karansa yawanci ana yin su ne da ƙarfe na chromium da magnesium gami, saboda yana da kyakkyawan juriya na iskar shaka da kaddarorin juriya na zafin jiki. saman kara yawanci ana yin shi daga silicon chrome. Don haɓakar thermal, ana yin ƙasa mara kyau da sanduna da ke cike da sodium, tunda wannan kayan yana da aikin canja wurin zafi da sauri zuwa yankin sanyaya, rage zafin ƙasa zuwa 100ºC.
NAU'IN BAwuloli
MONOMETALLIC valv
Samar da hankali ta hanyar extrusion mai zafi ko tambari.
BIMETALLIC valves
Wannan yana ba da cikakkiyar haɗin kayan abu mai yiwuwa ga duka kara da kai.
KWALLON KAFA
Ana amfani da wannan fasaha a gefe guda don rage nauyi, a daya bangaren kuma don sanyaya. Cike da sodium (maki narkewa 97,5ºC), zai iya canja wurin zafi daga kan bawul zuwa kara ta hanyar ruwa mai motsawar sodium, kuma ya sami raguwar zafin jiki na 80º zuwa 150ºC.
