Gwajin gwajin Volvo FH16 da BMW M550d: Dokar Newton

Taro mai ban sha'awa a cikin rashi na nau'ikan nau'ikan motar mota guda biyu

Muna magana ne game da dakarun - a cikin wani hali yana nuna hanzari, kuma a cikin ɗayan - a kan tebur. Taron wasiku mai ban sha'awa na nau'ikan motoci guda biyu masu ban sha'awa, kowanne a hanyarsa yana nuna tsattsauran ra'ayi na falsafar Silinda shida.

Silinda masu silinda shida na cikin layi suna daidaita kansu ta hanyar da babu wani injin da zai dace da ƙwarewarsa. Irin wannan postulate gaskiya ne ga kowane naúrar silinda shida na kan layi. Duk da haka, waɗannan biyun suna cikin nau'i na musamman - watakila saboda su ne matsananciyar wakilan jinsin su. Yana da 381 hp. kuma kawai lita uku na konewa engine gudun hijira, tuki da BMW M550d halitta wani mara misali image a cikin mota fauna kuma za a iya ko da a yi la'akari da m magana na downsizing (ba mu da wani ra'ayin yadda 4 turbocharger version zai yi aiki tukuna). "Wataƙila" saboda BMW bai zubar da injunan silinda takwas da sunan rage girman ba. Ikon N57S naúrar, ba shakka, ba a cikin tattalin arziki - a daya daga cikin latest gwaje-gwaje na mota mota und sport M 550d, ya lura da wani talakawan man fetur amfani da 11,2 lita. Kuma wannan daga injin ne mai nauyin "da kyar" ton biyu. Suna iya yin ban sha'awa idan aka kwatanta da sauran duniya masu kera motoci, amma ba kome ba ne idan aka kwatanta da jirgin kasa mai nauyin tan 40 da ke tafiya a kan tituna. Volvo FH16. Tare da matsakaicin amfani kawai lita 39 na man dizal a kowace kilomita 100. Menene wannan kwatanta? Abu ne mai sauƙi - duka M550d da FH16 suna ɗaukar falsafar silinda shida zuwa matsananci, kuma wannan lamari ne da ba kasafai ba, amma a cikin dangin manyan tarakta - ko a kan hanya ko a kan hanya.

Ton 40 ba shi da matsala ga wannan injin. Ko da a kan tudu na hanya, FH16 yana ci gaba da kiyaye saurin "cruising" na 85 km / h, muddin tanƙwara na sasanninta ya ba shi damar motsawa ta irin wannan hanya. Koyaya, a irin waɗannan lokuta, FH16 ba a cika amfani da shi ba kuma galibi ta kamfanoni waɗanda ke buƙatar jigilar gaggawa akan manyan hanyoyi. Ainihin ikon wannan motar bai wuce 750 hp ba. iko da karfin juyi na 3550 Nm, ana amfani da shi azaman tug don jigilar manyan kaya masu nauyi kamar kayan aikin gini ko ginshiƙan distillation don matatun mai. A Sweden, inda ba kamar a Turai ba, dokar ta ba da damar jiragen kasa masu nauyi fiye da ton 40, kusan tan 60 na kaya, kamar katako, galibi ana jigilar su. Ba wai cewa ba zai iya ɗaukar tan 60 ɗin da ake tambaya ba tare da kusan sauƙi iri ɗaya da na 40s, a cewar abokan aiki daga motar motar motar und sport na manyan motoci da na bas na Lastauto omnibus.

Matsakaicin karfin juzu'i a 950 rpm

Na'ura mai turbochargers guda uku daga BMW yana sarrafa don cimma matsakaicin karfin juzu'i na 740 Nm a 2000 rpm. Injin Volvo FH16 D16 ba zai iya yin mafarkin irin wannan saurin ba. Na'ura mai nauyin lita 16,1 tare da ƙaurawar silinda guda ɗaya daidai da kwalban giya mai lita 2,5 tare da wani milimita 168 na kari, ya kai matsakaicin karfin juyi na 3550 Nm a ... 950 rpm. A'a, babu kuskure, kuma a gaskiya babu wata hanyar fita tare da diamita na piston na 144mm da bugun jini na 165mm. Kafin injin BMW ya kai matsakaicin ƙarfin ƙarfinsa, injin Volvo D16 ya kai matsakaicin ƙarfinsa - a zahiri yana samuwa a cikin kewayon daga 1600 zuwa 1800 rpm.

Tarihin D16 ya faro ne daga shekarar 1993, kuma sama da shekaru 22 da wanzuwarsa, ƙarfinta ya ci gaba da ƙaruwa. Sabon fasalin D16K yanzu yana da turbochargers biyu na cascade da sunan cimma mizanin fitarwa na Euro 6. Godiya garesu da kuma ƙarin matsin allura a cikin injin injector zuwa sandar 2400, tana kulawa da isar da ƙimar da aka ambata da wuri. Da sunan mafi kyawun cakuda mai da iska, ana yin allurai da yawa, kuma tsarin tsaftacewa "gas mai ƙarewa," wanda ya haɗa da matatar DPF, mai jujjuya juzu'i da ƙungiyar SCR, yana da girma fiye da duka akwatin BMW.

Godiya ga hannun jari na M550d tsarin tuƙi mai ƙarfi, babu matsala canja wurin duk ikon zuwa hanya. Ko da a cikin wuraren rigar, mai zama huɗu ba zai yiwu ya fita daga hannun ba, kuma godiya ga saitunan M na tsarin xDrive, wasu yin kwarkwasa tare da baya an yarda. Haƙiƙanin yiwuwar motar ana iya ganinta a cikin fayyace bayyananniyar ƙaƙƙarfan saurin babbar hanya, wanda yawancin direbobi ke zama ƙari. Da gaske ba kome ba wane daga cikin gears takwas na watsawa ta atomatik ke aiki - sama da 2000 rpm, lokacin da tsarin haɓaka ya kai isassun matsi (3,0 bar max), ƙaƙƙarfan jujjuyawar ya buge ku da dukkan ƙarfinsa kuma M550d yana fara watsawa. mai tsabta kuma tare da daidaito mai ban mamaki.

Injin da ya kai kilogiram 1325

Volvo FH47 tare da 16 HP / l ba zai iya daidaita ƙarfin hanzari na BMW tare da 127 hp. /l. Koyaya, na'ura mai nauyi tare da zaɓuɓɓuka daban-daban don adadin axles ɗin tuƙi yana haifar da jin daɗin ƙarfin titanic, musamman lokacin ɗorawa. Kowane fiber a cikin jikin ku yana jin kamar farkon motsi na 62-tonne da sabon watsawa na I-Shift DC dual-clutch, irinsa na farko a kan babbar hanya, ta hanya. Don manyan motoci, kuma musamman FH16, tsarin gine-ginen watsawa ta atomatik da dual clutch ya bambanta kuma ya haɗa da ainihin tsarin sauri guda uku tare da abin da ake kira kewayon / rarraba gear, yana samar da gears 12. An jera su tare da madaidaicin madaidaici kuma tare da ɗan gajeren lokaci na tsarin pneumatic. Ana tura duk taro gaba, yana sa ku ji sauran ɓangaren lissafin ƙarfin Newton. Ba hanzari ba ne, taro ne. Hawa mai tsayi ko manyan lodi - Volvo FH16 kawai yana haifar da turbos tagwaye, allura, har yanzu ba a iya samun injunan mota, ya fara zubar da man dizal mai yawa (mafi girman nauyin nauyin 105 l / 100 km), kuma manyan pistons suna jujjuya tsokoki. . ɗauki wannan babban nauyi a kafaɗunku. Ba su da kwanciyar hankali, saboda ba dade ko ba dade, lokacin da za a dakatar da duk wannan abun da ke ciki, dole ne su taimaka tsarin birki na gargajiya. Fasahar VEB+ (Volvo Engine Break) wacce ke amfani da sarrafa bawul don amfani da matsi da agogon shaye-shaye don samar da 470kW na jujjuyawar birki. Idan ya cancanta, ana ƙara ƙarin retarder don sarrafa nauyi a cikin lissafin.

Rubutu: injiniya Georgy Kolev

BMW N57S

Tsarin cajin BMW haɗin gwiwa ne tsakanin kamfanin Bavaria da BorgWarner Turbo System kuma ba a kiransa R3S. A aikace, wannan haɓakawa ne na turbocharger R2S wanda kamfani ɗaya ke amfani da shi. Bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin su biyun shi ne, na uku, kuma karami, turbocharger ana ajiye shi ne a cikin bututun shaye-shaye da ke hade da karami da babban turbocharger. Tare da shi, tsarin ya zama layi daya-serial - tun lokacin da turbocharger na uku ya riga ya caji iska don babban. An haɗa crankcase ta studs don kai - wannan gine-gine yana ƙara ƙarfin tsarin injin. An kuma ƙarfafa ƙugiya da sanduna masu haɗawa don jure wa 535d ta ƙara matsa lamba daga mashaya 185 zuwa 200. Hakanan an ƙara matsa lamba na allurar mai zuwa mashaya 2200 kuma ingantaccen tsarin zagayawa na ruwa yana kwantar da matsewar iska.

Volvo D16K

Injin Volvo D16, wanda kuma shine asalin gidan Penta dangin kayayyakin ruwa, ana samunsu a matakan wuta na 550, 650 da 750 hp. Sabuwar K ta maye gurbin VTG canjin lissafi mai turbocharger tare da turbochargers masu juzu'i biyu. Wannan yana ba da damar cika matsa lamba akan ƙari mai yawa. An kara ƙarfin mai sanyaya matsakaici kuma an rage girman matsewa. Wannan yana rage yawan zafin jiki na aikin ƙonewa da hayakin nitrogen oxides. Koda tsarin BMW da aka yiwa kwaskwarimar Bosch na N57S ba zai iya yin gogayya da sandar sa ta 2200 da Volvo da ta 2400 ba. Rashin busasshiyar nauyin wannan katafaren kilo 1325.

DATA FASAHA TA BMW M 550d

Jiki

4910-wurin zama sedan, tsawon x nisa x tsawo 1860 x 1454 x 2968 mm, wheelbase 1970 mm, nauyin nauyi 2475 kg, duka nauyin da ya halatta XNUMX kg

Keɓaɓɓen gaba na gaba da na baya, MacPherson strut tare da baƙin fata biyu, na baya tare da masu wucewa da tsayin daka, motsi na maɓuɓɓugar maɓuɓɓuka a kan masu shafar girgizar telescopic, gaban da na baya masu daidaitawa, birki na iska mai iska, gaban / gaban 245, na baya 50, na baya baya 19/275 R 35

Isar da wutar lantarki

Dual gearbox, watsa kai tsaye ta atomatik guda takwas

Injin

Injin dizal mai layi-shida tare da turbochargers uku da masu tallafi, matsuguni 2993 cm³, ikon 280 kW (381 hp) a 4000 rpm, matsakaicin karfin wuta 740 Nm a 2000 rpm.

Dabi'un haɓaka

0-100 km / h 4,7 sec

Matsakaicin iyakar 250 km / h

Matsakaicin amfani da mai (a gwajin AMS)

dizal 11,2 l / 100 km

Bayanin VOLVO FH16

Jiki

Volvo Globetrotter XL, cikakken taksi na karfe tare da babban tsari na karfe, duka galvanized. dakatarwar iska mai guda hudu. An ɗaure firam ɗin tare da abubuwa masu jujjuyawa da masu tsayi tare da kusoshi da rivets. Gaba da baya stabilizers. Maɓuɓɓugan ruwa mai ganye biyu a gaba, mai huhu tare da matashin kai huɗu a baya. Birki na diski tare da sarrafa lantarki

Isar da wutar lantarki

4 × 2 ko 6 × 4 ko 8 × 6, watsa-sauri biyu-kamawa ta atomatik ko atomatik

Injin

Injin dizal mai hawa shida-shida tare da twin turbochargers da intercooler, injector naúrar, sauyawa 16 cc, iko 100 kW (551 hp) a 750 rpm, matsakaicin karfin karfin 1800 Nm a 3550 rpm

Dabi'un haɓaka

Matsakaicin iyakar 250 km / h

Matsakaicin amfani da mai (a cikin gwajin Lastauto Omnibus) 39,0 l

dizal / 100 km