Direba ta idon masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam

Tattaunawa tare da Dorota Bonk-Gyda, Shugaban Sashen Harkokin Kiwon Lafiyar Hanya a Cibiyar Sufuri.

Sashen kula da ilimin halin dan Adam na zirga-zirgar ababen hawa shi ne kan gaba a kasar da ke tunkarar al'amuran da suka shafi dabi'ar masu amfani da hanyar.

Menene batun cikakken aikin bincike?    

Dorota Bank-Gaida: Sashen ilimin halin dan Adam na zirga-zirgar ababen hawa na Cibiyar Sufuri ta Motoci ta tsunduma cikin nazarin abubuwan da ke haifar da hatsarori da hatsarori. Muna ba da kulawa ta musamman ga nazarin ilimin kimiyya game da halayen direbobi dangane da yadda suke aiki a cikin yanayin zirga-zirga, tun daga dabi'un da aka saba da su ta hanyar tasirin abubuwan da ke keta amincin matafiya, da kuma ƙare tare da abubuwan da ke barazana ga rayuwa da lafiyarsa. mahalarta.

Daya daga cikin kwatance na mu bincike ne kuma m halaye na matasa direbobi kamar yadda akai-akai masu aikata hadurran hanya - (18-24 shekaru). Bugu da kari, a cikin sashen muna magance yanayin da ba a so, watau. al'amuran ta'addanci a kan tituna da buguwa na direbobin ababen hawa. Godiya ga gwaninta da haɗin gwiwar ƙungiyarmu tare da dakunan gwaje-gwaje na tunani daga ko'ina cikin Poland, muna iya yin nau'ikan bincike iri-iri a cikin fa'ida. A sakamakon haka, muna samun tushen bayanai na musamman game da ɗabi'a da halayen direbobin gida. Ina so in lura cewa mu ne kawai cibiyar bincike a Poland wanda ke haɓaka hanyoyin bincike na tunani na direbobi, kuma wallafe-wallafen sashen su ne wallafe-wallafe na musamman a fagen ilimin halayyar sufuri. 

Muhimmancin rukunin mu yana tabbatar da gaskiyar cewa gwajin tunani na direbobi kawai za a iya aiwatar da shi ta hanyar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru tare da cancantar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun kuma waɗanda aka tabbatar da su. Saboda haka, domin yaɗa ilimi a fagen aminci na hanya, ma'aikatan sashen suna da hannu sosai a cikin horar da masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam waɗanda ke son samun cancanta ta hanyar gudanar da azuzuwan ilimin ka'idoji da aikace-aikace tare da ɗaliban da suka kammala karatun digiri a fagen ilimin halin ɗan adam. Wani nau'i na horo shine tarurrukan karawa juna sani da horo na musamman. Masu karɓa, da sauran 'yan sandan zirga-zirga na Yanki, ƙwararrun ƙwararru, masu ilimin halin ɗabi'a. 

Shin binciken da aka gudanar a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje na ZPT da sakamakonsu ya tabbatar da sanannen imani game da munanan halaye na direbobin Poland da banal bravado?

Binciken kimiyya da aka gudanar a sashin da gaske yana gabatar da wasu al'amura ta hanyar yin nazari dalla-dalla kan halaye da dalilan direbobi. Sakamakon an yi niyya ne don murƙushe tatsuniyoyi na zamantakewa game da zirga-zirga, kamar tasirin barasa akan ingantaccen tuƙi. A matsayinmu na masana kimiyya, muna adawa da yadda masu amfani da hanya, kamar direbobin mota suke yi da masu babura, domin burinmu shi ne sama da komai don inganta halaye masu aminci da yada ka'idodin al'adar tuki da mutunta juna a kan hanya. 

Binciken abubuwan da suka shafi tunanin mutum a cikin sufuri yana ba da damar nuna yiwuwar tasiri ga inganta lafiyar hanya. A kan wani mutum-akai, kowane direban jurewa jarrabawa a cikin m dakin gwaje-gwaje na Sashen, bayan gwaji, samun shawarwari kan yadda za a inganta ta'aziyya na aiki a cikin zirga-zirga, la'akari da nasu karfi da kuma rauni. Har ila yau, sau da yawa muna tuntuɓar likitoci (masu ilimin ophthalmologists, neurologists) don tantance daidai rashi ko kasancewar contraindications zuwa tuki a matsayin wani ɓangare na rigakafi a cikin wani mutum. 

Shin yana yiwuwa a tantance, bisa ga nazarin sakamakon binciken da aka tattara, inda tashin hankali a cikin zirga-zirga ya fito?

Ayyukan Sashen kuma sun haɗa da ƙirƙirar horo da shirye-shiryen horarwa don takamaiman ƙungiyoyin direbobi ko ƙwararrun sufuri. Ayyukan ilimi na sashen kuma yana ba da gudummawa ga yada sakamakon binciken mu a tarurrukan kimiyya da tarukan karawa juna sani. Muna nazarin yawan yawan direbobin Poland dangane da takamaiman halayen halayensu, gami da haɓakar halayen haɗari a cikin zirga-zirga.

Muna ƙoƙarin yada iliminmu ta hanyar shiga cikin yakin neman zabe, misali ta hanyar gargadi game da tuki a cikin maye ko ta hanyar yin magana kai tsaye ga matasan direbobi da halayensu a kan hanya. Kuma a ƙarshe, ta hanyar ayyukanmu, muna ƙoƙarin tuntuɓar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun hanyoyin kiyaye hanya da kuma ɗimbin direbobi, masu ƙwararru da masu son, gami da ta hanyar kafofin watsa labarai, samar da ra'ayoyin ƙwararru waɗanda ke bayyana dalilai da sakamakon takamaiman ayyuka akan hanya. 

Shin zai yiwu, bisa la'akari da ƙa'idodi na yanzu, a ware mutanen da ba su da halin tukin abin hawa kafin zama direba?

Dokokin shari'a na yanzu akan gwaje-gwajen tunani na direbobi suna sanya wannan takalifi akan wasu rukunin masu amsawa. Irin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen ya zama tilas ga direbobi (Motoci, bas), masu jigilar kaya, direbobin tasi, direbobin motar daukar marasa lafiya, masu koyar da tuki, masu jarrabawa da masu neman likita da aka nada.

Har ila yau, binciken ya shafi mutanen da 'yan sanda suka tura su tilas domin yin jarrabawa. Waɗannan su ne: waɗanda suka yi haɗari, direbobin da aka tsare don yin tuki a cikin maye ko wuce iyakar abubuwan da ba su dace ba. Sashen mu yana haɓaka hanyoyin don gwajin tunani na direbobi, watau. jeri na gwaje-gwaje da jagororin da suka wajaba don daidai da ingantacciyar ganewar asali na motocin tuƙi na sama. Abin takaici, kawai muna bincika ƴan takara don direbobi a Poland tare da bayanin likita. Saboda haka, ba mu da damar doka don rinjayar novice direbobi, kuma su ne masu laifi na da yawa hatsarori (direba 18-24 shekaru).

Sakamakon haka, galibi ana bayar da lasisin tuƙi ga mutanen da suka san ka'idojin tuƙi, amma suna iya zama rashin balagagge a cikin rai, rashin zaman lafiya, maƙiya da gasa, ko kuma mai tsananin tsoro don haka yana da haɗari. Rashin gwaje-gwajen tunani ga direbobin ɗan takara yana nufin cewa an ba da haƙƙin tuƙin abin hawa ga mutanen da ke da matsalolin tunani da tunani. Wani muhimmin gazawa na dokokin Poland shine rashin jarrabawar wajibi na tsofaffi da tsofaffi. Su dai wadannan direbobi su kan yi barazana ga kansu da sauran su, saboda ba sa iya tantance halin da suke ciki na tuki daidai gwargwado.

Idan sun ba da kansu don yin bincike, za su iya koyan bayanai masu tamani game da gazawarsu, wanda zai sauƙaƙa musu yanke shawara ko za su ci gaba da tuƙi da kansu. A ra'ayina, gabatar da gwajin tilas na 'yan takarar direba da mutane sama da shekaru XNUMX zai kara wayar da kan wadannan mutane sosai kuma zai rage yawan hadurran hanyoyin da wadannan kungiyoyin direbobi ke haifarwa.

Wajibin gudanar da bincike na lokaci-lokaci na tabbatar da lafiyar tuki ya kamata ba kawai ga masu tuka ababen hawa don riba ba, har ma da duk wanda ke da hannu a cikin zirga-zirgar ababen hawa, watau direbobin motocin fasinja, masu babura, da dai sauransu. na direbobi na kowane nau'in motoci, kuma gwajin dacewa na yau da kullun zai taka rawar kariya da ilimi ta hanyar jagorar mutum na masanin ilimin hanyoyin zirga-zirga.

Dorota Bonk Hyde, Massachusetts

Shugaban Sashen ilimin halin dan Adam na zirga-zirgar ababen hawa a Cibiyar Sufuri da ke Warsaw.

Ta sauke karatu daga Faculty of Psychology a Jami'ar Cardinal Stefan Wyshinsky a Warsaw. Digiri na biyu na Karatun Digiri a Ilimin Halin Sufuri. A shekara ta 2007 ta kammala karatun digiri na uku a fannin tattalin arziki a Jami'ar Harkokin Kasuwanci da Gudanarwa. Leon Kozminsky a Warsaw. An ba da izinin masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam don gudanar da gwaje-gwajen tunani na direbobi.