Mamakin Tarihin Balloon

Lokacin da mutane suka fahimci cewa iskar ma tana da wani nau'in nauyi (lita na iska tana da nauyin 1,2928 g, kuma mita mai siffar sukari kusan 1200 g)), sun yanke shawarar cewa kusan duk abin da ke cikin iska yana rasa gwargwadon nauyinsa. kawar da iska. Don haka, abu yana iya shawagi a cikin iska idan iskar da ya fitar ta fi shi nauyi. Don haka, godiya ga Archimedes, tarihin ban mamaki na balloons ya fara.

An fi sanin 'yan'uwan Montgolfier a wannan batun. Sun yi amfani da gaskiyar cewa iska mai dumi ta fi iska mai sauƙi. An dinka babban dome daga wani abu mai haske da ɗorewa. Ƙwallon tana da rami a ƙasa, wanda a ƙarƙashinsa aka kunna wuta, yana ci a cikin wata wuta da aka shirya a cikin akwati mai siffar kwale-kwale da ke makale da kwallon. Don haka balon iska mai zafi na farko ya kai sararin samaniya a watan Yunin 1783. ’Yan’uwan sun sake maimaita yunƙurin jirginsu na nasara a gaban Sarki Louis na XNUMX, kotu da ’yan kallo da yawa. A makale da balloon akwai kejin da ke ɗauke da dabbobi da dama. Wasan ya ɗauki mintuna kaɗan kawai, yayin da harsashin balloon ya tsage kuma, ba shakka, ya faɗi, amma a hankali, don haka babu wanda ya ji rauni.

Ƙoƙarin farko da aka rubuta na yin amfani da ƙirar balloon an yi shi ne a watan Agusta 1709 da Bartolomeo Lourenço de Gusmão, limamin coci ga Sarki John na Portugal ya yi.

A watan Agusta 1783, 'yan'uwan Robert, bin umarnin Jacques Alexander Charles, sunyi tunanin amfani da wani gas, fiye da sau 14 fiye da iska, wanda ake kira hydrogen. (An taba samun shi, misali, ta hanyar zuba zinc ko baƙin ƙarfe tare da sulfuric acid). Da kyar suka cika balloon da hydrogen suka saki ba tare da fasinjoji ba. Balalon ya fado a wajen birnin Paris, inda jama'a suka yi imanin cewa yana mu'amala da wani nau'in dodo na ciki, ya tsaga shi zuwa kananan guda.

Ba da daɗewa ba, an fara gina balloons, galibi tare da hydrogen, a duk faɗin Turai da Amurka. Dumama iska ya kasance ba zai yi tasiri ba, domin sau da yawa gobara ta tashi. Haka kuma an gwada wasu iskar gas, misali gas mai haske, wanda aka yi amfani da shi wajen kunna wuta, amma yana da hadari domin yana da guba kuma cikin sauki.

Balloons da sauri sun zama muhimmin sashi na yawancin wasannin al'umma. An kuma yi amfani da su da masana kimiyya don nazarin saman yadudduka na yanayi, kuma ko da wani matafiyi (Salomon August Andre (1854 - 1897), wani Sweden injiniya da bincike na Arctic) a 1896, duk da haka, bai yi nasara ba, ya tafi a cikin balan-balan zuwa gano iyakar Arewa.

Daga nan ne aka bayyana balon da ake kira observation balloons, sanye da kayan aiki, wanda ba tare da sa hannun mutane ba, ana yin rajistar yanayin zafi, danshi, da sauransu. Wadannan balloon suna tashi sama da tsayi.

Ba da da ewa ba, maimakon siffar siffar ƙwallon ƙafa, an fara amfani da "zobba" masu tsayi, kamar yadda sojojin Faransa suka kira kwallaye na wannan siffar. An kuma sanye su da tudu. Rudder ya taimaka wa balloon kadan, domin abu mafi mahimmanci shi ne alkiblar iska. Duk da haka, godiya ga sabon na'urar, balloon zai iya "juya" kadan daga hanyar iska. Injiniyoyin injiniya da makanikai sun yi tunanin abin da za su yi don shawo kan ɓarkewar iska da samun damar tashi ta kowace hanya. Daya daga cikin masu kirkirar ya so yin amfani da oars, amma ya gano da kansa cewa iska ba ruwa ba ce kuma ba zai yiwu a iya yin tuhume-tuhume da inganci ba.

An cim ma burin da aka yi niyya ne kawai a lokacin da aka kera injuna masu kona man fetur da ake amfani da su a motoci da jiragen sama. Daimler na Jamus ne ya ƙirƙira waɗannan motocin a cikin 1890. Biyu daga cikin ƴan uwan ​​​​Daimler sun so yin amfani da ƙirƙira don motsa balloons da sauri kuma mai yiwuwa ba tare da tunani ba. Sai dai kash, man fetur da ya fashe ya kunna iskar gas din kuma dukkansu sun mutu.

Wannan bai hana wani Bajamushe ba, Zeppelin. A cikin 1896, ya samar da balloon iska mai zafi na farko, wanda aka sanya masa suna Zeppelin. Wani katon harsashi mai tsayi, wanda aka shimfide bisa tarkacen haske kuma sanye da rudders, ya daga wani babban jirgin ruwa mai injuna da injina, kamar a cikin jiragen sama. A hankali an inganta Zeppelins, musamman a lokacin yakin duniya na farko.

Ko da yake an sami babban ci gaba wajen kera balon iska mai zafi kafin yakin duniya na biyu, amma an yi imanin cewa ba su da wata kyakkyawar makoma. Suna da tsada don ginawa; Ana buƙatar manyan rataye don kula da su; sauƙi lalacewa; a lokaci guda suna jinkiri, jinkirin motsi. Kasawarsu da yawa ne ke haifar da bala'i akai-akai. Na gaba na jiragen sama ne, na'urori masu nauyi fiye da iska waɗanda farfela mai jujjuyawar sauri ke ɗauka.